Cultural models of masculinity and drug use: “machismo,” heroin, and street survival on the U.S.-Mexico border

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert A. Quintero ◽  
Antonio L. Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Mexican Men

This paper examines the interrelations between “machismo,” drug use, and aggression among injection drug users (IDUs) in a US-Mexico border community. Underscored is the directive force and social impact of “machismo” in the day-to-day life-worlds of Mexican male heroin addicts, or “tecatos.” This focus not only provides a broad description of the cultural model of “machismo” elucidated by this group of men, but also illuminates how ideas of masculinity are internalized and re-created through drug use and aggression in the context of life in the streets. Attention to these aspects of drug use invites consideration of several important issues, including the role structural factors play in the expression of masculinity as well as the social forces underpinning representations of Mexican men.

scholarly journals Control over Drug Acquisition, Preparation, and Injection: Implications for HIV and HCV Risk among Young Female Injection Drug Users

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla D. Wagner ◽  
Jennifer Jackson Bloom ◽  
Susan Dodi Hathazi ◽  
Bill Sanders ◽  
Stephen E. Lankenau
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Drug Acquisition ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lack Of Control

Young female injection drug users (IDUs) are at risk for HIV/HCV, and initiating the use of a new drug may confer additional and unexpected risks. While gender differences in the social context of injection drug use have been identified, it is unknown whether those differences persist during the initiation of a new drug. This mixed-methods study examined the accounts of 30 young female IDUs in Los Angeles, CA, USA from 2004 to 2006, who described the social context of initiating injection drug use and initiating ketamine injection. The analysis aimed to understand how the social context of young women’s injection events contributes to HIV/HCV risk. Women’s initiation into ketamine injection occurred approximately 2 years after their first injection of any drug. Over that time, women experienced changes in some aspects of the social context of drug injection, including the size and composition of the using group. A significant proportion of women described injection events characterized by a lack of control over the acquisition, preparation, and injection of drugs, as well as reliance on friends and sexual partners. Findings suggest that lack of control over drug acquisition, preparation, and injection may elevate women’s risk; these phenomena should be considered as a behavioral risk factor when designing interventions.

Psychiatric Disorders, Drug Use, and Medical Status in Injection Drug Users With HIV Disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Batki ◽  
Stephen J. Ferrando ◽  
Luisa Manfredi ◽  
Julie London ◽  
Jerry Pattillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Medical Status

Determinants of HIV seroconversion in drug users during a period of rising prevalence in Vancouver

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Patrick ◽  
Steffanie A Strathdee ◽  
Christopher P Archibald ◽  
Marianna Ofner ◽  
Kevin J P Craib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Test Interval ◽  
The Social ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Hiv Seroconversion ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
Opposite Gender

To identify determinants of HIV seroconversion among injection drug users (IDUs) during a period of rising prevalence, a case-control investigation was conducted. Cases were IDUs with a new positive test after 1 January 1994, and a negative test within the prior 18 months. Controls required 2 negative tests during the same period. Subjects completed a questionnaire on demographic, psychosocial, and behavioural factors. Eighty-nine cases and 192 controls were similar with respect to gender, age, ethnicity and inter-test interval. Multivariate analyses of events during the inter-test interval showed borrowing syringes (adj. OR=2.96; P 0.006), unstable housing (adj. OR=2.01; P =0.03) and injecting 4 times daily (adj. OR=1.71; P =0.06) to be independently associated with seroconversion. Protective associations were demonstrated for sex with opposite gender (adj. OR=0.36; P =0.001) and tetrahydrocannabinol use (adj. OR=0.41; P =0.001). There is a need to evaluate programmes dealing with addiction, housing and the social underpinnings of risk behaviours in this population. <

scholarly journals Narratives of Starting, Using, and Stopping Methamphetamine Use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
John Dance
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Methamphetamine Use ◽  
Problematic Use ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cognitive Decision ◽  
Behavioural Theories

<p>Methamphetamine use has come to be seen as a significant policy issue in New Zealand and elsewhere. Panic about methamphetamine’s effects, the increasing prevalence of its use and its alleged potential to cause more harm than other drugs has been fundamental in elevating public concern and initiating a raft of law and order responses. Using the familiar tropes of addiction and drug-induced criminality, authoritative discourses conveying the nature of the ‘meth problem’ have obfuscated the social, cultural and structural forces which intersect decisions about drug use. Instead, explanations of meth-use anchored to behavioural theories about risk have emphasised drug-use is as being the product of individualised cognitive decision making. In taking a narrative approach to analyse 17 drug-users’ stories about starting, using and stopping methamphetamine use, this thesis sets out to theoretically engage with the experiential and contextual nuances of drug-taking decisions which continue to be excluded from authoritative accounts of problematic use. In doing so this thesis reveals how decisions about starting and using methamphetamine had occurred within established trajectories of problematic poly-drug taking behaviour. Collectively, the experiences of starting, using and stopping methamphetamine use storied by this sample of drug users help challenge pejorative constructions of problematic users of drugs as being wilfully self-destructive by highlighting that “risk actions are rarely the product of any one individuals’ rational decisions”(Rhodes: 1997:216).</p>

Validity of self-reported drug use among injection drug users and crack cocaine users recruited through street outreach

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman L. Weatherby ◽  
Richard Needle ◽  
Helen Cesari ◽  
Robert Booth ◽  
Clyde B. McCoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Street Outreach ◽  
Cocaine Users

A Method for Creating Product Social Impact Models of Engineered Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip D. Stevenson ◽  
Christopher A. Mattson ◽  
Eric C. Dahlin
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Impact Categories ◽  
The Social ◽  
Impact Indicators ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Models

AbstractAll products impact the lives of their users, this is called social impact. Some social impacts are commonly recognized by the engineering community, such as impacts to a user’s health and safety, while other social impacts can be more difficult to recognize, such as impacts on families and gender roles. When engineers make design decisions, without considering social impacts, they can unknowingly cause negative social impacts. Even harming the user and/or society. Despite its challenges, measuring a program’s or policy’s social impact is a common practice in the field of social sciences. These measurements are made using social impact indicators, which are simply the things observed to verify that true progress is being made. While there are clear benefits to predicting the social impact of an engineered product, it is unclear how engineers should select indicators and build predictive social impact models that are functions of engineering parameters and decisions. This paper introduces a method for selecting social impact indicators and creating predictive social impact models that can help engineers predict and improve the social impact of their products. As a first step in the method, an engineer identifies the product’s users, objectives, and requirements. Then, the social impact categories that are related to the product are determined. From each of these categories, the engineer selects several social impact indicators. Finally, models are created for each indicator to predict how a product’s parameters will change these indicators. The impact categories and indicators can be translated into product requirements and performance measures that can be used in product development processes. This method is used to predict the social impact of the proposed, expanded U.S. Mexico border wall.

Relationship between HIV-1 viral load and continued drug use in untreated infected injection drug users

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA PATRIZIA CARRIERI ◽  
CATHERINE TAMALET ◽  
DAVID VLAHOV ◽  
NOUARA YAHI ◽  
MARGARET CHESNEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Hiv 1
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