Intellectual Humility, Spirituality, and Counselling

Although therapists often work with clients with whom they share a great many beliefs, there remain many cases where the therapist and client have very little in common. Spirituality is, especially in the latter kind of case, one specific area in which clashes and similarities may be important. However, recent evidence suggests spirituality is to a surprising extent ignored in therapy when exploring it would be therapeutically relevant and, even more, that counsellors often struggle when training to more effectively engage with client spirituality. These results are problematic, especially when taken together. In this article, I attempt to address this vexing issue in a way that brings together work on counselling and spirituality with recent discussions of intellectual virtue in contemporary epistemology. In particular, I show why it is important for the therapist to cultivate and maintain the virtue of intellectual humility with respect to spirituality in a counselling context. To this end, I explore, with reference to a particularly promising model of intellectual humility, how the therapist can be attentive to—and own—their limitations in a productive way when dealing with a wide range of spiritual backgrounds.

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ARE INTELLECTUAL VIRTUES TRUTH-RELEVANT?

Episteme ◽

10.1017/epi.2017.26 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 381-392

Author(s):

Blake Roeber

Keyword(s):

Virtue Epistemology ◽

True Belief ◽

Intellectual Virtue ◽

Narrow Sense ◽

Pragmatic Encroachment ◽

Intellectual Virtues ◽

Ernest Sosa ◽

Value Of Knowledge ◽

Wide Range

ABSTRACTAccording to attributor virtue epistemology (the view defended by Ernest Sosa, John Greco, and others), S knows that p only if her true belief that p is attributable to some intellectual virtue, competence, or ability that she possesses. Attributor virtue epistemology captures a wide range of our intuitions about the nature and value of knowledge, and it has many able defenders. Unfortunately, it has an unrecognized consequence that many epistemologists will think is sufficient for rejecting it: namely, it makes knowledge depend on factors that aren't truth-relevant, even in the broadest sense of this term, and it also makes knowledge depend in counterintuitive ways on factors that are truth-relevant in the more common narrow sense of this term. As I show in this paper, the primary objection to interest-relative views in the pragmatic encroachment debate can be raised even more effectively against attributor virtue epistemology.

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Carefulness

The Excellent Mind ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190096250.003.0004 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 58-80

Author(s):

Nathan L. King

Keyword(s):

Irrational Belief ◽

Intellectual Virtue ◽

Statistical Reasoning ◽

Wide Range ◽

Reasoning Skills

Whereas curiosity is the central intellectual virtue that motivates us to seek truth, knowledge, and understanding, carefulness is the central virtue that repels us from falsehood and irrational belief. This chapter explores the nature of carefulness. It begins with a series of problems designed to test the reader’s statistical reasoning skills, as a way to underscore the importance of carefulness. It then gives an account of the virtue itself. The virtue of intellectual carefulness lies between extremes of carelessness (a deficient attention to evidence) and scrupulousness (an excess). The chapter argues for the importance of carefulness across a wide range of applications, while resisting the idea that skepticism itself is a virtue. It closes with a suggested routine—the CSQ or Claim, Support, Question routine—designed to foster intellectual carefulness.

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Virtue

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662241.013.32 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Jason Baehr

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Virtue ◽

Character Traits ◽

Intellectual Virtues ◽

Intellectual Humility ◽

Human Psychology ◽

Knowledge Of God ◽

Transmission Of Knowledge

Intellectual virtues are character traits that facilitate the acquisition and transmission of knowledge and related epistemic goods. This chapter takes up the question of which traits are intellectual virtues in relation to a particular variety of knowledge; namely, knowledge of God. It is argued that moral humility (as distinct from intellectual humility) is an intellectual virtue in this context. This account of moral humility and its epistemically salutary effects is sketched against the backdrop of an account of human pride and the obstacles such pride poses to the acquisition of theistic knowledge. Finally, an objection is considered according to which, owing to other features of human psychology, moral humility may in fact be an intellectual vice in this context.

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Intellectual Virtues

Philosophy ◽

10.1093/obo/9780195396577-0413 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Charlie Crerar ◽

Teresa Allen ◽

Heather Battaly

Keyword(s):

Virtue Ethics ◽

Virtue Epistemology ◽

Intellectual Virtue ◽

Philosophical Work ◽

Intellectual Virtues ◽

Historical Sources ◽

Intellectual Humility ◽

Professional Fields ◽

Aristotelian Tradition

Intellectual virtues are qualities that make us excellent thinkers. There are different analyses of exactly which qualities count as intellectual virtues: virtue responsibilists have emphasized praiseworthy character traits, such as open-mindedness and intellectual humility, while virtue reliabilists have emphasized reliable skills and faculties, such as vision, memory, and skills of logic. Importantly, all agree that intellectual virtues are (i) excellences, as opposed to defects; and (ii) distinctively intellectual and not, or not simply, moral. In other words, intellectual virtues are qualities that make us excellent (and not defective) as thinkers, not (or not simply) as people in general. This bibliography provides an overview of philosophical work on the intellectual virtues. It includes articles and books addressing responsibilist and reliabilist analyses of the structure of intellectual virtue; analyses of individual intellectual virtues; the application of intellectual virtue to education and other professional fields; the role of intellectual virtues in epistemology; and, finally, the structure of intellectual vice. It also includes some historical sources on intellectual virtue, though its focus is contemporary. Analyses of intellectual virtue (and of individual intellectual virtues) have developed in tandem with the epistemological subfield of virtue epistemology, which employs the notion of intellectual virtue in an account of knowledge. These analyses also frequently draw on virtue ethics, especially in the Aristotelian tradition. Some of the sources cited touch upon connections between intellectual virtue and these fields, though a fuller treatment of these topics can be found in the corresponding bibliographies on Virtue Epistemology and Virtue Ethics.

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THE VIRTUE OF CURIOSITY

Episteme ◽

10.1017/epi.2018.31 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 105-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lewis Ross

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Virtue ◽

Epistemic Virtue ◽

Epistemic Virtues ◽

Contemporary Epistemology

ABSTRACTA thriving project in contemporary epistemology concerns identifying and explicating the epistemic virtues. Although there is little sustained argument for this claim, a number of prominent sources suggest that curiosity is an epistemic virtue. In this paper, I provide an account of the virtue of curiosity. After arguing that virtuous curiosity must be appropriately discerning, timely and exacting, I then situate my account in relation to two broader questions for virtue responsibilists: What sort of motivations are required for epistemic virtue? And do epistemic virtues need to be reliable? I will sketch an account on which curiosity is only virtuous when rooted in a non-instrumental appreciation of epistemic goods, before arguing that curiosity can exhibit intellectual virtue irrespective of whether one is reliable in satisfying it.

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The Muslim World

American Journal of Islam and Society ◽

10.35632/ajis.v6i1.2704 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 170-172

Author(s):

Lkram Azam

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Development ◽

World View ◽

Specific Area ◽

Muslim World ◽

Social Scientists ◽

The Third ◽

Present Book ◽

Wide Range ◽

Third World Development ◽

Communist Countries

This book owes its origin to a major international conference held inApril by the Association of Muslim Social Scientists at Iowa State Universityin April 1983. The papers cover "a wide range of topics to match the widerange of crises in which the Muslim world finds itself." It includes forty-sixillustrative maps and figures and twenty-six tables. which make the texts moremeaningful.In recent times, the issues of Third World development and technologytransfer have stirred much controversy, resulting in a polarization of views.On one hand is the Third/Muslim World view that the so-called transfer oftechnology, whether from the capitalist or communist countries, iscounterproductive and exploitive, generating a client/dependency relationship.On the other hand, the donors feel that their "technological giveaways" promote"interdependence, collective self-reliance, and mutual interest." Between thesetwo extremes lies Muslim resurgence and Islamic revivalism, with Islam asa sociopolitical force providing its own ideological and institutional solutionsto the issues of development and technology transfer. The emphasis is onconscientious "value-patterned" socioeconomic development. Iowa StateUniversity's 1983 Conference and the present book focus on this motivatingtheme. They advocate alternate development strategies which are basicallyIslamic in spirit, substance, and system.In section 1 of the book, trends and issues typical of the Muslim worldare evaluated, specifically with reference to Pakistan. The first paper is acomparatively short study of coloniaJism (capitalist and communist) vis-avisthe Muslim world. The remedial recipe is an Islamic DevelopmentPolicy/Strategy. The second paper discusses the development dilemma of theIslamic countries, in the light of Islanuc values. The third author emphasizesthat Islamic development is holistic, aiming at the moral man in a moralsociety. Taken together, these first three papers form a contextual frameworkfor specific area case studies analyzing the influence of alien aid and alienatingdevelopment strategies ...

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Wavelet trees: A survey

Computer Science and Information Systems ◽

10.2298/csis110606004m ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 585-625 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Christos Makris

Keyword(s):

Data Structure ◽

Specific Area ◽

Research Area ◽

Text Compression ◽

Text Indexing ◽

Indexing And Retrieval ◽

Wide Range ◽

Tree Data ◽

Tree Data Structure ◽

Young Researchers

The topic of this paper is the exploration of the various characteristics of the wavelet tree data structure, a data structure that was initially proposed for text compression applications but has found a plethora of other uses in text indexing and retrieval. Issues concerning the efficient maintenance of the structure, plus its handling in various applications are explored. Our main aim is to provide to computer science researchers that would like to explore the specific area, an up-to-date comprehensive material covering a wide range of applications. This kind of up-to-date survey is missing from the current bibliography and we hope that it will help young researchers to get familiar with the notions of this research area.

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INTELLECTUAL HUMILITY – A MORAL CONSTRUCT, AN INTELLECTUAL VIRTUE

SERIES VII - SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LAW ◽

10.31926/but.ssl.2021.14.63.1.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14(63) (1) ◽

pp. 9-18

Author(s):

Simona Mariana Mitu ◽

Keyword(s):

Organizational Culture ◽

Literature Review ◽

Corporate Culture ◽

Single Point ◽

Point Of View ◽

Intellectual Virtue ◽

Intellectual Humility ◽

Culture Studies ◽

Study Results

: The present literature review brings together conceptualizations and study results obtained from extensive work that has been done on the virtue of Intellectual Humility (IH) for the pasts 9 years. While philosophers don’t settle yet to a single point of view on intellectual humility, psychologists take a pragmatic stance on the construct and evaluate possible implications IH can have on personal, social, and professional levels. The term is being extended to organizations, teams and organizational culture and studied in the intricate relationships established in the corporate culture. Studies in leadership also provide an insight of how organizations can benefit from the vision and culture a humble leader promotes.

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Carbon Nanostructures Doped with Transition Metals for Pollutant Gas Adsorption Systems

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26175346 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (17) ◽

pp. 5346

Author(s):

J. M. Ramirez-de-Arellano ◽

M. Canales ◽

L. F. Magaña

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Transition Metals ◽

Carbon Nanostructures ◽

Gas Adsorption ◽

Chemical Warfare Agents ◽

Specific Area ◽

Chemical Warfare ◽

Wide Range ◽

Warfare Agents ◽

Adsorption Systems

The adsorption of molecules usually increases capacity and/or strength with the doping of surfaces with transition metals; furthermore, carbon nanostructures, i.e., graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, graphdiyne, etc., have a large specific area for gas adsorption. This review focuses on the reports (experimental or theoretical) of systems using these structures decorated with transition metals for mainly pollutant molecules’ adsorption. Furthermore, we aim to present the expanding application of nanomaterials on environmental problems, mainly over the last 10 years. We found a wide range of pollutant molecules investigated for adsorption in carbon nanostructures, including greenhouse gases, anticancer drugs, and chemical warfare agents, among many more.

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An Initial Evaluation on the Adsorption of SO2 and NO2 over Porous Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Facile Scalable Method

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2019/9742826 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xuan-Manh Pham ◽

Duy Linh Pham ◽

Nguyen Thi Hanh ◽

Tuyet Anh Dang Thi ◽

Le Nhat Thuy Giang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Porous Structure ◽

Fe3o4 Nanoparticles ◽

Specific Area ◽

Initial Evaluation ◽

Coprecipitation Method ◽

Pore Sizes ◽

Toxic Gases ◽

Wide Range

In this study, Fe3O4 nanoparticles used as an adsorbent for the removal of toxic gases were successfully synthesized via the facile coprecipitation method. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles displayed a well-defined morphology with the size of ∼10 nm and a porous structure with a specific area of 115.90 m2/g and a wide range of pore sizes. These nanoparticles exhibited effective adsorption abilities upon the exposure to toxic gases. In particular, the amount of 40.5 mg SO2 and 108.5 mg NO2 was adsorbed in 1 g of Fe3O4 nanoparticles after 60 minutes of exposure, making the Fe3O4 nanoparticles become a promising adsorbent for the removal of toxic gases.

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