Drawing on Religion in the Desistance Process: Paying Attention to Race and Ethnicity

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 927-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Stansfield
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Hispanic Youth ◽  
Criminal Offending ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Peer Association ◽  
Pathways To Desistance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research And Policy

Religion is important in the lives of many ex-offenders. This study uses data from the Pathways to Desistance Study data set to examine the impact of religiosity on criminal desistance and drug use among delinquent White, Black, and Hispanic youth. Results from mixed-effects longitudinal analyses revealed that religiosity was a significant predictor of lower criminal offending and substance use for White youth postconviction, controlling for changes in employment, social support, and delinquent peer association. Although religiosity was associated with lower substance use among Black youth, it was not associated with lower criminal offending among Black or Hispanic youth. We discuss the implications of our findings for research and policy, particularly the need for resources.

The Impact of US Monetary Growth on Bitcoin Trading Volume in the Current Economic Uncertainty

2020 ◽  
pp. 493-509
Author(s):  
İsmail Canöz
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Trading Volume ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the effect of US monetary growth on Bitcoin trading volume. To achieve this purpose, firstly, the symmetric causality test is used. Following this test, another symmetric causality test is used to reveal a time-varying causal effect between variables. The data set covers the period from July 2010 to July 2019. The results of the first symmetric causality test, which considers the time interval of the study data as a whole, show that there is no causal relationship between variables. According to the results of the second causality test, these support the previous results substantially. However, an interesting detail is the causal relationship between variables for the period between April 2019 and July 2019. The reason for this relationship could be that investors who are indecisive during the current economic uncertainty add Bitcoin to their portfolios in response to the Federal Reserve's decisions.

scholarly journals The Salience of Antisocial Personality Disorder for Predicting Substance Use and Violent Behavior: The Moderating Role of Deviant Peers

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Wojciechowski
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Deviant Peers ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Violent Offending ◽  
Peer Association ◽  
The Impact

Deviant peer association and antisocial personality disorder are risk factors for drug use and violent offending. However, there has yet to be research that focuses on how deviant peer association may moderate the impact of antisocial personality disorder on these outcomes. Data from Wave 10 of the Pathways to Desistance dataset were used in analyses. Negative binomial regression was used to estimate the effects of covariates on violent offending. Ordered logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of covariates on substance use outcomes. Results indicated that deviant peer association moderated the impact of antisocial personality disorder on violent offending frequency and marijuana use frequency. The direction of this interaction effect was positive for marijuana use. The direction of this moderation was negative for violent offending, indicating that antisocial personality disorder–diagnosed individuals commit fewer violent offenses at similar levels of deviant peer association as nonafflicted participants.

A Longitudinal Test of the Mediational Role of Delinquent Peer Association on the Link Between Psychopathy and Offending

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052092236
Author(s):  
Sara L. Bryson ◽  
Caitlin M. Brady ◽  
James V. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Delinquent Peer ◽  
Peer Association ◽  
Mediational Role ◽  
Serious Offenders ◽  
Pathways To Desistance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Although prior research has found that psychopathy and delinquent peer association are predictors of delinquency, less research has assessed the dynamic role of peers in the relationship between psychopathic traits and offending. Using 10 waves of data from the Pathways to Desistance longitudinal study ( n = 1,354), the current exploratory study investigates the impact of changes in delinquent peer association on the relationship between psychopathy and self-reported offending. Although the effects are small, results indicate that youth with higher Psychopathy Checklist Youth Version (PCL:YV; Forth et al.) scores report higher initial levels of delinquent peer association, which results in increases in offending over the study period. Initial levels (intercept) and change (slope) in delinquent peer association are positively associated with offending. Findings also demonstrate that initial levels and changes in delinquent peer association mediate the relationship between psychopathy and changes in offending. The findings have implications for delinquency prevention and intervention efforts for all adolescents and particularly serious offenders.

scholarly journals Substance Use as a Mediator of the Association Between Demographics, Suicide Attempt History, and Future Suicide Attempts in Emergency Department Patients

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Arias ◽  
Orianne Dumas ◽  
Ashley F. Sullivan ◽  
Edwin D. Boudreaux ◽  
Ivan Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Background: Identification of factors that predict and protect against attempted suicide are critical for the development of effective suicide prevention and intervention programs. Aims: To examine whether substance use mediates the association between demographic characteristics, suicide attempt history, and reports of a suicide attempt within 12 months after screening positive for active suicidal ideation or behavior during the index emergency department (ED) visit. Method: Data were collected during the first two phases of the Emergency Department Safety Assessment and Follow-up Evaluation (ED-SAFE) study. Data collection included baseline interview; 6- and 12-month chart reviews; and 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, and 52-week telephone follow-up assessments. Structural equation modeling was used. All p values were two-tailed, with p < .05 considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 874 subjects, 195 (22%) reported a suicide attempt within 12 months after the index ED visit. Of participants reporting a suicide attempt, 59% were < 40 years old, 59% female, and 76% non-Hispanic White. Associations between race, sex, and suicide attempt 12 months after the index ED visit may be mediated by a combination of alcohol misuse and cocaine use. Conclusion: Findings from the mediation analyses provide insight into the impact of substance use on future suicide attempts in various sociodemographic groups.

scholarly journals PUblications Metadata Augmentation (PUMA) pipeline

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1095
Author(s):  
Oliver W. Butters ◽  
Rebecca C. Wilson ◽  
Hugh Garner ◽  
Thomas W. Y. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Software Pipeline ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Social Studies Of Science ◽  
Exploration Tool ◽  
Barrier To Entry ◽  
The Impact

Cohort studies collect, generate and distribute data over long periods of time – often over the lifecourse of their participants. It is common for these studies to host a list of publications (which can number many thousands) on their website to demonstrate the impact of the study and facilitate the search of existing research to which the study data has contributed. The ability to search and explore these publication lists varies greatly between studies. We believe a lack of rich search and exploration functionality of study publications is a barrier to entry for new or prospective users of a study’s data, since it may be difficult to find and evaluate previous work in a given area. These lists of publications are also typically manually curated, resulting in a lack of rich metadata to analyse, making bibliometric analysis difficult. We present here a software pipeline that aggregates metadata from a variety of third-party providers to power a web based search and exploration tool for lists of publications. Alongside core publication metadata (i.e. author lists, keywords etc.), we include geocoding of first authors and citation counts in our pipeline. This allows a characterisation of a study as a whole based on common locations of authors, frequency of keywords, citation profile etc. This enriched publications metadata can be useful for generating study impact metrics and web-based graphics for public dissemination. In addition, the pipeline produces a research data set for bibliometric analysis or social studies of science. We use a previously published list of publications from a cohort study as an exemplar input data set to show the output and utility of the pipeline here.

Innovation and the performance of informal enterprises in developing countries: a gender perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvis Korku Avenyo ◽  
Erika Kraemer-Mbula
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Product Innovations ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research And Policy

Purpose Examining the impact of gender on various aspects of business performance has gained research and policy traction, although the empirical evidence remains inconclusive. This paper aims to focus on one type of business, namely, informal enterprises and one dimension of business performance, namely, product innovation, to better understand how product innovations affect employment in both female- and male-owned informal enterprises. Design/methodology/approach This paper relies on a unique data set of 513 informal enterprises located in two urban centres in Ghana (Accra and Tema), covering the period between 2013 and 2015 and the Dose-Response Model to examine the effect of product innovations on employment in informal enterprises in urban Ghana. Findings The findings suggest that product innovation has considerable beneficial impacts on the creation of employment in informal enterprises. The results do not show systematic differences in the factors affecting product innovation in female- and male-owned enterprises. However, they suggest that although female-owned enterprises are less likely to introduce product innovations, they do sell more innovative products. Originality/value These findings support the view that innovation is “gendered”, and therefore, requires a “gendered” policy lens.

Depression, Hostility and Substance Use Among University Students in Jordan

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
A. Hamdan-Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
University Students ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
The Impact

Background:University student became a target population for number of research studies due to increased number and types of mental and psychosocial problems that they suffer from.Objective:To examine the relationship between depression, hostility and substance use among university students in Jordan.Study design:Descriptive correlation study. Data collected on demographics, depression, hostility, and substance use from 572 university students in Jordan.Results:Almost 75% of the university students had mild to severe depression. Tobacco, pain killers, stimulants, tranquilizers, inhalants, and alcohol respectively were the most used substances. Depression was negatively correlated with hostility(r = .10, p= .04) and tobacco use (r =.19, p < .001). Depression level has positive correlation with frequency of using pain killers, inhalants, stimulants, tranquilizers, and heroine (p < .05). Male and female university students were not different in their depression scores, hostility, and frequency of substance use.Conclusions:Depression, hostility and substance use were correlated. Mental health care providers have to understand the impact of depression among university students in Jordan.

scholarly journals PUblications Metadata Augmentation (PUMA) pipeline

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1095
Author(s):  
Oliver W. Butters ◽  
Rebecca C. Wilson ◽  
Hugh Garner ◽  
Thomas W. Y. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Project Impact ◽  
Social Studies Of Science ◽  
Exploration Tool ◽  
Barrier To Entry ◽  
The Impact

Cohort studies collect, generate and distribute data over long periods of time – often over the lifecourse of their participants. It is common for these studies to host a list of publications (which can number many thousands) on their website to demonstrate the impact of the study and facilitate the search of existing research to which the study data has contributed. The ability to search and explore these publication lists varies greatly between studies. We believe a lack of rich search and exploration functionality is a barrier to entry for new or prospective users of a study’s data, since it may be difficult to find and evaluate previous work in a given area. These lists of publications are also typically manually curated, resulting in a lack of rich metadata to analyse, making bibliometric analysis difficult. We present here a software pipeline that aggregates metadata from a variety of third-party providers to power a web based search and exploration tool for lists of publications. Alongside core publication metadata (i.e. author lists, keywords etc.), we include geocoding of first authors and citations in our pipeline. This allows a characterisation of a study as a whole based on common locations of authors, frequency of keywords, citation profile etc. This enriched publications metadata can be useful for generating project impact metrics and web-based graphics useful for public dissemination. In addition, the pipeline produces a research data set for bibliometric analysis or social studies of science.

“Create in Me a Clean Heart”: The Role of Spirituality in Desistance From Substance Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Reece Crank ◽  
Brent Teasdale
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Growth Curve Modeling ◽  
Multilevel Analyses ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
Curve Modeling ◽  
Pathways To Desistance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Although the impact of religion on behavior is robust and well-examined in many areas, the role spirituality plays in changes in drug use over time has received relatively little attention. Using a life-course theoretical framework, this relationship is examined through growth curve modeling techniques. Specifically, multilevel analyses are estimated testing within-person relationships between substance use desistance and spirituality. The Pathways to Desistance longitudinal data are analyzed and leading criminological predictors are included, to determine if spirituality has a unique impact on substance use net of these criminological factors, and if these impacts vary across gender. Results from these analyses suggest that the impact of spirituality on desistance varies by gender, with spirituality significantly increasing the odds of desistance from marijuana use for females, but not males.

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