scholarly journals Substance Use as a Mediator of the Association Between Demographics, Suicide Attempt History, and Future Suicide Attempts in Emergency Department Patients

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Arias ◽  
Orianne Dumas ◽  
Ashley F. Sullivan ◽  
Edwin D. Boudreaux ◽  
Ivan Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Background: Identification of factors that predict and protect against attempted suicide are critical for the development of effective suicide prevention and intervention programs. Aims: To examine whether substance use mediates the association between demographic characteristics, suicide attempt history, and reports of a suicide attempt within 12 months after screening positive for active suicidal ideation or behavior during the index emergency department (ED) visit. Method: Data were collected during the first two phases of the Emergency Department Safety Assessment and Follow-up Evaluation (ED-SAFE) study. Data collection included baseline interview; 6- and 12-month chart reviews; and 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, and 52-week telephone follow-up assessments. Structural equation modeling was used. All p values were two-tailed, with p < .05 considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 874 subjects, 195 (22%) reported a suicide attempt within 12 months after the index ED visit. Of participants reporting a suicide attempt, 59% were < 40 years old, 59% female, and 76% non-Hispanic White. Associations between race, sex, and suicide attempt 12 months after the index ED visit may be mediated by a combination of alcohol misuse and cocaine use. Conclusion: Findings from the mediation analyses provide insight into the impact of substance use on future suicide attempts in various sociodemographic groups.

scholarly journals Community-based aftercare following an emergency department presentation for attempted suicide or high risk for suicide: study protocol for a non-randomised controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vida V. Bliokas ◽  
Alex R. Hains ◽  
Jonathan A. Allan ◽  
Luise Lago ◽  
Rebecca Sng
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Hospital Emergency Department ◽  
Hospital Emergency ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Suicide is a major public health issue worldwide. Those who have made a recent suicide attempt are at high risk for dying by suicide in the future, particularly during the period immediately following departure from a hospital emergency department. As such the transition from hospital-based care to the community is an important area of focus in the attempt to reduce suicide rates. There is a need for evaluation studies to test the effectiveness of interventions directed to this stage (termed ‘aftercare’ interventions). Methods A controlled non-randomised two group (intervention vs treatment-as-usual control) design, using an intention-to-treat model, will evaluate the effectiveness of a suicide prevention aftercare intervention providing follow-up after presentations to a hospital emergency department as a result of a suicide attempt or high risk for suicide. The intervention is a community-based service, utilising two meetings with a mental health clinician and follow-up contacts by peer workers via a combination of face-to-face and telephone for four weeks, with the option of extension to 12 weeks. Seventy-five participants of the intervention service will be recruited to the study and compared to 1265 treatment-as-usual controls. The primary hypotheses are that over 12 months, those who participate in the aftercare follow-up intervention are less likely than controls to present to a hospital emergency department for a repeat suicide attempt or because of high risk for suicide, will have fewer re-presentations during this period and will have lower all-cause mortality. As a secondary aim, the impact of the intervention on suicide risk factors for those who participate in the service will be evaluated using pre- and post-intervention repeated measures of depression, anxiety, stress, hopelessness, belongingness, burdensomeness, and psychological distress. Enrolments into the study commenced on 1 November 2017 and are anticipated to cease in November 2019. Discussion The study aims to contribute to the understanding of effective interventions for individuals who have presented to a hospital emergency department as a result of a suicide attempt or at high risk for suicide and provide evidence in relation to interventions that incorporate peer-workers. Trial registration ACTRN12618001701213. Registered on 16 October 2018. Retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Pathways for African American Success: Results of Three-Arm Randomized Trial to Test the Effects of Technology-Based Delivery for Rural African American Families

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velma McBride Murry ◽  
Cady Berkel ◽  
Misha N Inniss-Thompson ◽  
Marlena L Debreaux
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
African American ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Sexual Risk Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Group Condition

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of a technology-based program to avert risky behaviors among rural African American youth. We hypothesized that the technology-based and group-based formats of the Pathways for African Americans Success (PAAS) program would lead to improvements in primary outcomes, and that the technology condition would perform at least as well as the group condition. Methods A three-arm Randomized Control Trial (RCT) ([N = 141] technology-based delivery, [N = 141] small group delivery, and [N = 136] literature control) was conducted with 421 sixth graders and their caregivers, Summer 2009–Fall 2012. Families were recruited from five rural counties in Tennessee and completed baseline, posttest [M = 14.5 (4.4) months after pretest] and long-term follow-up [M = 22.6 (3.7) months after posttest]. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test intervention-induced changes in both parents and youths’ primary outcomes (pretest to posttest) and on secondary targeted outcome, youth sexual risk, and substance use patterns (pretest to follow-up). Results Parents in the technology condition reported significant increases in strategies to reduce risk. Youth in the technology condition experienced a significant decline in intent to engage in risk behaviors and reduction in substance use and sexual risk behavior. Youth in the group condition experienced a significant increase in affiliation with deviant peers. Conclusions This study provides evidence of the ability of eHealth to improve parenting and reduce adolescent engagement in substance use and sexual risk behavior. Suggestions for dissemination in schools and health-care systems are offered.

scholarly journals Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic, Unethical Behavior in the Name of the Company: The Role of Job Insecurity, Job Embeddedness, and Turnover Intention

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A. Elshaer ◽  
Alaa M. S. Azazz
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Job Embeddedness ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
The Impact

The worldwide economic crisis initiated by the COVID-19 pandemic certainly altered the perception of regular job insecurity dimensions and brought these to the ultimate level. When employees feel insecure, they may decide to participate in unethical behavior in the name of the company to avoid layoff and become retained employees. This study investigated the relationship between job insecurity and unethical organizational behavior through the mediating role of job embeddedness and turnover intention. A total of 685 employees working in five- and four-star hotels and category A travel agents participated in this study. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Job embeddedness and turnover intention were found to be partially mediated by the impact of job insecurity on unethical organizational behavior. Theoretical and practical implications were identified and discussed.

scholarly journals Pornography Use in Adolescents and Its Clinical Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3625
Author(s):  
Josep M. Farré ◽  
Angel L. Montejo ◽  
Miquel Agulló ◽  
Roser Granero ◽  
Carlos Chiclana Actis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sexual Interest ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Criterion Variables

(1) Background: The Differential Susceptibility to Media Effects Model (DSMM) suggests that pornography use effects are conditional and they depend on dispositional, developmental, and social differential susceptibility variables. This framework also highlights that the differential susceptibility variables act as predictors of pornography use and as moderators of the effect of pornography on criterion variables. (2) Methods: By administering a survey to n = 1500 adolescents, we tested whether these assumptions were met. (3) Results: Pornography use was related to being male and older, having a bisexual or undefined sexual orientation, higher substance use, being non-Muslim, and reporting sexual interest and the use of the media to obtain sexual information. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) showed that higher levels in the criterion variables were directly related to pornography use, older age, substance use, and being women. Some mediational links also emerged. Pornography use mediated between the age and criterion variables. Moreover, substance use mediated the association between age and gender with the criterion variables. (4) Conclusions: Our findings support the clinical applicability of the theoretical DSMM framework. Knowing adolescent pornography consumers’ profiles and the impact of pornography on this population would allow for the designing of more effective prevention and regulation proposals.

The roles of gender affirmation and discrimination in the resilience of transgender individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Lelutiu-Weinberger ◽  
D English ◽  
P Sandanapitchai
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Gender Affirmation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Transgender individuals face severe stigma-driven health inequities structurally, institutionally and interpersonally, yielding poor individual-level outcomes. Gender affirmation, or being recognized based on one's gender identity, expression and/or role, may be considered a manifestation of resilience. Methods To provide intervention and policy guidelines, we examined latent constructs representative of gender affirmation (legal documentation changes, transition-related medical procedures, familial support) and discrimination (unequal treatment, harassment, and attacks), and tested their impact on mental, physical, and behavioral health outcomes among 17,188 binary-identified transgender participants in the 2015 US Transgender Survey. Results Confirmatory factor analyses revealed high standardized factor loadings for both latent variables, on which we regressed outcomes using structural equation modeling. Fit indices suggested good model fit. Affirmation was associated with lower odds of suicidal ideation (p &lt; .001) and psychological distress (p &lt; .001), and higher odds of substance use (p &lt; .001), and past-year healthcare use and HIV-testing (p &lt; .001). Discrimination was associated with higher odds of suicidal ideation (p &lt; .001), psychological distress (p &lt; .001), substance use (p &lt; .001), and past-year HIV-testing (p &lt; .001). Affirmation and discrimination interaction analyses showed lower odds of past-year suicidal ideation (p &lt; .01), with affirmation having a significant moderating protective effect against discrimination. Conclusions Gender affirmation is paramount in upholding transgender health, and these findings carry global significance, beyond the US. Clarification of affirmation procedures, and increases in its accessibility, equitably across racial/ethnic groups, should become a priority, from policy to the family unit. The impact of discrimination demands continued advocacy via education and policy.

scholarly journals Integrating Personal and Pro-Environmental Motives to Explain Italian Women’s Purchase of Sustainable Clothing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10841
Author(s):  
Valentina Carfora ◽  
Giulia Buscicchio ◽  
Patrizia Catellani
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Intention To Purchase ◽  
Personal Norm ◽  
The Impact

Despite increased knowledge of the impact of clothing production on the environment, the general public still has a low intention to purchase sustainable clothing. The present study analyzed the psychosocial predictors of Italian women’s intention to purchase sustainable clothing, proposing an integration of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Value-Belief-Norm (VBN) approaches. Participants (N = 286) filled in a self-report online questionnaire, measuring Italian women’s intention to purchase sustainable clothing, as well as TPB variables, such as subjective norm, attitude, and perceived behavioral control, and VBN variables, such as egoistic and biospheric values, awareness of consequences, and personal norm. Results of structural equation modeling showed that the TPB + VBN integrated model predicted women’s intention to purchase sustainable clothing. Personal norm and attitude were the strongest predictors of intention. Mediation analyses showed the indirect impact of the VBN chain (from values to moral norm) on intention. Discussion focusses on the psychosocial dimensions that public policy, non-governmental organizations, and clothing companies should consider when promoting the purchase of sustainable clothing.

The Impact of Mindfulness on Empathy, Active Listening, and Perceived Provisions of Emotional Support

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne M. Jones ◽  
Graham D. Bodie ◽  
Sam D. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Active Listening ◽  
Supportive Communication ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Meditation Experience ◽  
Mindfulness Facets ◽  
Supportive Messages ◽  
The Impact

Mindfulness has emerged as an important factor that assists people in regulating difficult emotions, but it is not yet known whether mindfulness plays a role in supportive communication. The current study examines whether mindfulness facets (describing, observing, nonjudging, aware acting, nonreacting) positively influence self-reported abilities to (a) discern more and less person-centered (PC) supportive messages and (b) facilitate reappraisals via two core cognitive factors, namely, empathy and active listening. College students with little or no meditation experience ( N = 183) completed an online survey. Mediation analyses showed that empathy and active listening partially mediated the relationship between two mindfulness facets (describing, observing) and the two perceptual outcome measures (PC message discriminations, facilitating reappraisals) by accounting for 33% and 62% of the variance. Additional structural equation modeling suggested that mindful observing and describing positively predicted empathy and active listening. Both mindful describing and nonjudging also positively predicted facilitating reappraisals. Interestingly, nonjudging negatively predicted empathy and active listening. The results point to mindfulness as an important factor that influences cognitive-affective processes in supportive communication.

scholarly journals Sustainable or a Butterfly Effect in Global Tourism? Nexus of Pandemic Fatigue, COVID-19-Branded Destination Safety, Travel Stimulus Incentives, and Post-Pandemic Revenge Travel

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12834
Author(s):  
Umer Zaman ◽  
Syed Hassan Raza ◽  
Saba Abbasi ◽  
Murat Aktan ◽  
Pablo Farías
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Incentive Theory ◽  
Global Tourism ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Evidence

Revenge travel has globally emerged as a dominant touristic behavior, signaling a rapid return of global tourism, but with a greater temptation for spending more and staying longer. Despite the expanding focus on global sustainable tourism, there is a lack of empirical evidence on the potential factors that build momentum for revenge travel. The aim of the present study was to develop and test a conceptualized model of revenge travel under the influence of pandemic fatigue, COVID-19-branded destination safety, and travel stimulus incentives. Drawing on the study data of international expats (N = 422) and using covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM), the findings provide new evidence that revenge travel is significantly and positively influenced by pandemic fatigue. Interestingly, the empirical findings also support two positive moderations, highlighting that COVID-19-branded destination safety (CBDS) and travel stimulus incentives (TI) can significantly increase the impact of pandemic fatigue (PF) on revenge travel (RT). Based on prominent theories (i.e., theory of planned behavior, protection motivation theory, and incentive theory of motivation) and newly developed scales (i.e., RT, CBDS, and TI), the study highlights the dynamics of revenge travel as it sets the stage for global tourism to rebound stronger than ever. The implications include new challenges and ways forward through revenge travel as a stepping stone for global sustainable tourism.

scholarly journals Enhancing intercultural sensitivity: the impact of Erasmus+ mobilities on future Romanian leaders

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-48
Author(s):  
Andreea-Ioana Romonți-Maniu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Intercultural Sensitivity ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Video Communication ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Privacy Risk ◽  
Utilitarian Value ◽  
The Impact

"Video communication platforms have steadily risen in popularity in the last two decades, experiencing an exponential growth beginning with 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The main goal of this study was to explore the mechanism through which antecedents represented by utilitarian value, satisfaction, and privacy risk influence the reuse intention of the Zoom communication platform. A sample of 421 Romanian persons in the 18-26 age group was formed and data were collected using an online survey. Accounting for the reflective nature of the factors considered in this study, data analysis involved covariance-based structural equation modeling done in AMOS. Findings show that while utilitarian value and satisfaction both positively affect reuse intention, privacy risk negatively influences the same behavior. Thus, researchers and practitioners can better comprehend elements determining users’ loyalty of the Zoom platform. Keywords: Zoom platform, utilitarian value, satisfaction, privacy risk, reuse intention. JEL classification: L86, M39. "

Structural Pathways Between Race/Ethnicity, Substance Use, Military Service, and Male-Perpetrated Intimate Partner Violence in Pre-9/11 Military Families

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 5624-5651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Cancio
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Military Families ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Ipv Perpetration ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Impact

Along with service members, military families bear the brute consequences of global U.S. military intervention. Various studies have concluded that these deployments put military families at high risk for intimate partner violence (IPV). Using structural equation modeling (SEM) as a novel approach to examine IPV among pre-9/11 military families, this study considers variations of self-reported IPV from the point of the abused partner to test the impact of several life events and demographic factors on the type of IPV most prevalent among perpetrators. The study sample contains information about 599 male perpetrators from the Nature and Scope of Violence Against Women in San Diego, California (1996-1998), a survey about domestic violence from clients admitted to women’s shelters. Perpetrators race/ethnicity, age, military experience, previous exposure to abuse, income, and education were modeled using SEM procedures to determine the frequency of IPV perpetrated under the influence of certain substances and etiologic characteristics. Particular attention focused on the differences among the military’s racial and ethnic groups and on the overall differences between IPV perpetrations among military families to nonmilitary families. Study findings indicate that (a) irrespective of race, pre-9/11 veteran perpetrators commit verbal/mental abuse more often than other forms of IPV, (b) when taking race/ethnicity into account, for veterans, there are differences with IPV perpetration trends and substance use, and (c) IPV perpetration trends are different between veteran and nonveteran groups, irrespective of race.

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