Innovation and the performance of informal enterprises in developing countries: a gender perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvis Korku Avenyo ◽  
Erika Kraemer-Mbula
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Product Innovations ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research And Policy

Purpose Examining the impact of gender on various aspects of business performance has gained research and policy traction, although the empirical evidence remains inconclusive. This paper aims to focus on one type of business, namely, informal enterprises and one dimension of business performance, namely, product innovation, to better understand how product innovations affect employment in both female- and male-owned informal enterprises. Design/methodology/approach This paper relies on a unique data set of 513 informal enterprises located in two urban centres in Ghana (Accra and Tema), covering the period between 2013 and 2015 and the Dose-Response Model to examine the effect of product innovations on employment in informal enterprises in urban Ghana. Findings The findings suggest that product innovation has considerable beneficial impacts on the creation of employment in informal enterprises. The results do not show systematic differences in the factors affecting product innovation in female- and male-owned enterprises. However, they suggest that although female-owned enterprises are less likely to introduce product innovations, they do sell more innovative products. Originality/value These findings support the view that innovation is “gendered”, and therefore, requires a “gendered” policy lens.

Increasing revenue and attendance in Canadian Baptist churches

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1071-1089
Author(s):  
Alan Chan ◽  
Bruce G. Fawcett ◽  
Shu-Kam Lee
Keyword(s):  
Church Health ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Baptist Churches ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Simulation Exercises

Purpose – Church giving and attendance are two important indicators of church health and performance. In the literature, they are usually understood to be simultaneously determined. The purpose of this paper is to estimate if there a sustainable church congregation size using Wintrobe’s (1998) dictatorship model. The authors want to examine the impact of youth and adult ministry as well. Design/methodology/approach – Using the data collected from among Canadian Baptist churches in Eastern Canada, this study investigates the factors affecting the level of the two indicators by the panel-instrumental variable technique. Applying Wintrobe’s (1998) political economy model on dictatorship, the equilibrium level of worship attendance and giving is predicted. Findings – Through various simulation exercises, the actual church congregation sizes is approximately 50 percent of the predicted value, implying inefficiency and misallocation of church resources. The paper concludes with insights on effective ways church leaders can allocate scarce resources to promote growth within churches. Originality/value – The authors are the only researchers getting the permission from the Atlantic Canada Baptist Convention to use their mega data set on church giving and congregation sizes as per the authors’ knowledge. The authors are also applying a theoretical model on dictatorship to religious/not for profits organizations.

HR talent and the new HR competencies

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Ulrich ◽  
Jon Younger ◽  
Wayne Brockbank ◽  
Mike Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Competency Domains ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hr Competencies

PurposeThis article aims to describe partial results of the 2012 Global Human Resources Competency Study (HRCS), led by the RBL Group and the Ross School of Business, University of Michigan.Design/methodology/approachOver the past 25 years, this ongoing research project has provided the most global, comprehensive, and empirical identification of the competencies expected of HR professionals, and the impact of these competencies on both individual HR professional effectiveness and business performance.FindingsThis article points out a number of the key findings of the research – including the six fundamental competency domains that HR professionals must demonstrate to impact business performance – and identifies implications of the study findings for HR talent planning, assessment and development.Originality/valueHRCS findings have influenced thousands of HR departments, from global giants to smaller organizations in every continent.

Can non-CEO inside directors add value? Evidence from unplanned CEO turnovers

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-482
Author(s):  
Laurie Krigman ◽  
Mia L. Rivolta
Keyword(s):  
Succession Planning ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Leadership Transition ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Matching Process ◽  
Inside Directors ◽  
Transfer Of Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the roles of non-CEO inside directors (NCIDs) in the new CEO-firm matching process using the context of unplanned CEO departures when immediate CEO succession planning becomes a sole board responsibility. Although critics argue that inside directors decrease the monitoring effectiveness of a board, inside directors arguably possess superior firm-specific experience and knowledge that can be beneficial during the leadership transition. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a comprehensive, manually collected data set of unplanned CEO departures from 1993 to 2012. Findings The authors find that NCIDs play an important role in the CEO transitioning process. They help firms identify qualified inside replacements and provide stability as the new permanent or interim CEO. In addition, NCIDs facilitate the transfer of information and help the new external CEOs succeed. They show that the longer the NCID stays with the company, the longer the tenure of the new CEO. They also document that the presence of NCIDs improves operating and stock performance; especially when the new CEO is hired from outside of the firm. Practical implications The impact of NCIDs is particularly important when the firm hires an outsider as the new CEO. These results suggest that board composition affects frictions in the CEO labor market. Originality/value The literature has predominantly focused on the downside of having inside directors. Too many inside directors on a firm’s board is often associated with ineffective boards and entrenchment. To the contrary, the authors focus on a potential benefit of having inside directors.

R&D volatility and market value: the role of executive overconfidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-431
Author(s):  
Benlu Hai ◽  
Qingzhu Gao ◽  
Ximing Yin ◽  
Jin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dynamic Perspective ◽  
Innovation Strategies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Significant increase or decrease in research and development (R&D) expenditure may have an immense impact on market value. Based on the punctuated equilibrium theory, this paper aims to empirically analyze the impact of R&D volatilities on market value and the moderating effect of executive overconfidence. Design/methodology/approach The study uses the panel data set that covers 902 Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share manufacturing listed firms and multiple regression method to test the theoretical hypotheses. Findings The results show that both positive and negative R&D volatilities have a robust and significant positive impact on the market value. Further analysis shows that the executive overconfidence positively moderates the relationship between R&D volatilities and market value. Research limitations/implications In a rapidly changing and highly competitive environment, firms should recognize that the balance of innovation strategies will help to bring higher market value. Furthermore, firms could improve corporate governance to make the best of managerial characteristics, such as overconfidence, on the innovation decision-making process. Originality/value By pushing the static perspective to a dynamic perspective and empirically documenting the role of executive overconfidence, this study contributes to the literature on the relationship between R&D expenditure and market value, generating theoretical and practical insights for firms to improve innovation governance and innovation strategies to achieve better business performance.

Board gender diversity and US corporate bonds

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee M. Oyotode-Adebile ◽  
Zubair Ali Raja
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
Board Gender Diversity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Women Participation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of board gender diversity on bond terms and bondholders’ returns. Design/methodology/approach The authors perform pooled OLS regression, simultaneous regressions and propensity score matching to a panel data set of bond data for 319 US firms from 2007 to 2014. Findings The authors find that firms with gender-diverse boards have lower yields, higher ratings, larger issue size and shorter maturity. They also find that bondholders require fewer returns from firms with gender-diverse boards. However, the effect is more pronounced when women, constitutes at least 29.67 percent of the board. Originality/value This analysis supplements the findings that board gender diversity is essential for bondholders. It shows that bondholders should look at board gender diversity as a criterion to invest because bonds issued by firms with gender-diverse board have less risk. For practitioners, this study shows that more women participation on boards leads to a reduction in borrowing costs.

Product innovation processes and the trade-off between product innovation performance and business performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Löfsten
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
Innovation Processes

Purpose – This paper is concerned with the management and organization of product innovation processes, and how innovation performance relates to business performance. The underlying rationale is that encouraging firms to innovate will lead to a better business performance. Design/methodology/approach – This study leverages a data set of 99 medium-sized technology firms in Sweden. The first part of the analysis in this study aims at finding determinants of product innovation processes, and the second part is the analysis and trade-off between innovation performance and business performance. First, a research framework is developed in which the link between strategic dimensions, process dimensions and organizational dimensions of product innovation activity and product innovation performance is tested. Second, the research framework tests the relationship between innovation performance and business performance (sales and profitability). Findings – Product innovation performance (patent) is affected by seven variables of the 14 variables that represent product innovation processes. Product innovation performance is not affected by firm size, firm age, branch and product life cycles and, in the regression model, all three innovation performance variables (patents, copyrights and licenses) have a positive effect on the firm's sales, but there were no connections to the firm's profitability. Originality/value – The main implication of the study is the idea supporting a multi-aspects approach to the product innovation processes and performance since product innovation process dimensions (variables used in the study) have only partial influence on innovation-/business performance.

scholarly journals IFRS adoption and firms’ opacity around the world: what factors affect this relationship?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Mongrut ◽  
Manuel Tello Marín ◽  
Maria del Carmen Torres Postigo ◽  
Darcy Fuenzalida O’Shee
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ifrs Adoption ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Moderating Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to identify what are the moderating factors affecting the relationship between firms’ adoption of international financial and reporting standards (IFRS) and the firm’s opacity. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the meta-analysis methodology from Hunter et al. (1982) to find if the mere IFRS adoption reduces firm’s opacity and a meta-regression from Stanley and Jarrell (1989) to identify the moderating factors that may influence this relationship. Findings Contrary to previous studies, this study finds a low, negative and nonsignificant correlation between IFRS adoption and firms’ opacity, but this relationship depends on the geographical region. Using 34 results from 28 studies from different continents published between 2005 and 2018 this study finds that IFRS adoption reduces opacity in countries with common law (COML) and with more authorities’ oversight and power to enforce the rules. Originality/value This study finds two institutional commonalities between different previous studies that intend to assess the impact of the IFRS adoption upon firms’ opacity: the legal system and the authorities’ oversight power.

The impact of corruption on sport demand

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Amenta ◽  
Paolo Di Betta
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Systemic Corruption ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe article presents an empirical analysis that evaluates the effects of a systemic corruption scandal on the demand in the short and the long run. In 2006, the Calciopoli scandal uncovered the match rigging in the Italian soccer first division. The exemplary sportive sanction of relegating the primary culprit to the second division imposed further negative externalities on the other clubs. Should we prefer the sportive sanction on the team or the monetary fines for the club?Design/methodology/approachWe estimated two log-linear models of the demand side (stadium attendance) using a fixed effect estimator, on two panel data set made of all the Italian soccer clubs in the first and second division (Serie A and Serie B) for the seasons 2004/2005 to 2009/2010, considering the relegation of the Juventus as the event which impacted the demand for soccer.FindingsRelegating Juventus to Serie B caused an immediate decrease of 18.4% in the attendance for all the teams, both in Serie A and in Serie B, for the three seasons considered, and 1% decrease when all the seasons are considered to measure the fallout of the scandal on the fans' disaffection.Originality/valueThe effect of corruption in sport on demand is an important issue, and there are few studies already published. As for sports economics and management, our results are of interest for sport-governing bodies – as a case study that can help in designing a more effective sanctioning system to prevent corruption episodes.

scholarly journals Factors affecting pre-visit destination image: application on the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-234
Author(s):  
Samia Adly Hanna El Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Cultural Sites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate through an empirical research the factors that would attract visitors to heritage and cultural sites as museums applied on the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM). The paper aims to study the impact of the proposed attraction features learning/knowledge, museum facilities, fun/entertainment and socializing and accessibility/location on pre-visit destination image. Design/methodology/approach The author started by a thorough literature review to arrive to the suggested conceptual model, which is tested by adopting a quantitative approach where data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire from a convenient sample of 300 respondents with 90% response rate and used partial least squares – structure equation modelling using Smart PLS v.3.2.8. Findings The results show that three of the tested factors were accepted and one was rejected. Practical implications Management of GEM, which will be one of the biggest museums world-wide, can make use of the empirical results of this research to enhance their understanding of the factors that impact pre-visit destination image, and thus, most attract visitors to justify the budget set in this huge project and achieve highest visitation and revenue Originality/value This research deals with a new museum that has not opened its doors yet and will start functioning in late 2020, and thus, the pre-visit image of the museum is not based on previous experience of visitors but rather on secondary sources as messages sent to visitors based on attraction features, while most previous studies dealt with post-visit image of museums

Effects of comparability of promotions on inaction inertia

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Hsien Liu ◽  
Hsuan-Yi Chou
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Incentive Compatible ◽  
Internal Mechanism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
A Current

PurposeBased on mental accounting theory, this study explored whether the comparability of missed and subsequent promotional formats/frames affects inaction inertia.Design/methodology/approachFour experiments with imaginary and incentive-compatible designs were conducted to test the hypotheses.FindingsConsumers are more likely to express inaction inertia after having missed a comparable promotion than after having missed a noncomparable promotion. Devaluation of the promoted target mediates the impact of comparability on inaction inertia, while referent others' actions do not moderate the comparability effect. Finally, when consumers accept a subsequent inferior promotion, they prefer using a different payment format because it reduces comparability of the two promotions.Practical implicationsCompanies should use different promotional formats/frames to reduce comparability and inaction inertia when a new promotion is relatively inferior to a recent previous one. Companies should offer different payment options to help customers actively avoid comparing a current promotion with a missed promotion.Originality/valueThis study provides a more comprehensive conceptual structure for understanding the relationship between psychological comparability and inaction inertia. It provides insights into what actions companies should take to reduce inaction inertia. Furthermore, this study empirically tests the influence of multiple comparison referents, which provides a reference point for future studies on the factors affecting inaction inertia. A new method to examine whether consumers actively avoid comparisons is used, which clarifies the internal mechanism of inaction inertia.

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