Perception of Facial Cues by Adults with Low Vision

1994 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.P. Erber ◽  
R.R. Osborn
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Facial Cues ◽  
Snellen Fraction ◽  
Functional Vision

A variety of basic oral and facial features important for speech communication were arranged in order of decreasing visibility to form a functional vision screening test. A speaker with high-contrast facial features presented these stimuli to 40 adults with acquired low vision (aged 28–97 years). For many subjects, especially those with visual acuity ranging from about 20/80 to 20/500 (6/24 to 6/150), perception of oral/facial cues could not be predicted from the Snellen fraction.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Findings of Refractive Errors and Amblyopia among the Schoolchildren in Hatta Region of the United Arab Emirates

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Salam Chettian Kandi ◽  
Hayat Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
School Based

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Uncorrected refractive errors and amblyopia pose a major problem affecting schoolchildren. We had previously observed that many schoolchildren in the Hatta region presented to the ophthalmology clinic with uncorrected refractive errors and amblyopia, which led us to undertake this research. As per the WHO, the term “visual impairment” can be “low vision” or “blindness.” Based on the presenting vision, “low vision” is defined for children who have vision of &#x3c;6/18 to 3/60 or having visual field loss to &#x3c;20° in the better-seeing eye. Children defined to have “blindness” have presenting vision of &#x3c;3/60 or corresponding visual field of &#x3c;10°. <b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To estimate the magnitude of uncorrected refractive errors and amblyopia among the schoolchildren aged 6–19 years and to assess the efficacy of school-based refractive error screening programs in the Hatta region of the United Arab Emirates. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> An epidemiological, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on the entire student population studying in the government schools of the region. Those who failed the Snellen visual acuity chart test and those who were wearing spectacles were evaluated comprehensively by the researcher in the Department of Ophthalmology of the Hatta Hospital. Data were entered in the Refractive Error Study in School Children (RESC) eye examination form recommended by the WHO, and were later transferred to Excel sheets and analyzed by SPSS. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 1,591 students were screened and evaluated from the end of 2016 to mid-2017. About 21.37% (<i>n</i> = 340) had impaired vision with 20.9% (<i>n</i> = 333) refractive errors, of which 58% were uncorrected. Among the refractive error group, 19% (64 subjects) had amblyopia (4% of total students). The incidence of low vision was 9.5% and blindness was 0.38%. Low vision was found to be 9.5% and blindness 0.38%, taking in to account presenting visual acuity rather than best-corrected visual acuity for defining low vision and blindness. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> A significant number of students were detected to have uncorrected refractive errors among the vision impaired group (59%, <i>n</i> = 197) despite a school-based vision screening program in place. Seventy-eight percent of the amblyopia cases (<i>n</i> = 50) were found to be in the 11–19 years age group. Noncompliance with optical corrections was the reason for the high number of cases. A rigorous vision screening program and refractive services, complimented with awareness among parents and teachers, are recommended.

scholarly journals Remote vision testing: Validation of a simple home-printable vision screening test for telemedicine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D Crossland ◽  
Tessa M Dekker ◽  
Joanne Hancox ◽  
Matteo Lisi ◽  
Thomas A Wemyss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Control ◽  
Acuity Test

Objectives: to develop and validate a simple paper vision test (the Home Acuity Test or HAT) for ophthalmology telemedicine appointments, which can be used by people who are digitally excluded. Design: Bland Altman analysis of the HAT chart, compared to the last measured visual acuity on a standard clinical test. Setting: Routine outpatient ophthalmology telemedicine clinics in a tertiary centre. Participants: 50 control subjects with no eye disease and 100 consecutive adult ophthalmology outpatients from strabismus and low vision telemedicine clinics. Participants were excluded if they reported subjective changes in their vision. Main outcome measures: For control participants, test/retest variability of the HAT and agreement with standard logMAR visual acuity measurement. For ophthalmology outpatients, agreement with the last recorded clinic visual acuity and with ICD11 visual impairment category. Results: For control participants, HAT test/retest variability was -0.012 logMAR (95% CI: -0.25 to 0.11 logMAR). Agreement with standard vision charts was -0.14 logMAR, with a 95% confidence interval of -0.39 to +0.12 logMAR (figure 3). For ophthalmology outpatients, agreement in visual acuity was -0.10 logMAR (one line on a conventional logMAR sight chart), with the HAT indicating poorer vision than the previous clinic test. The 95% confidence interval for difference was -0.44 to +0.24 logMAR. Agreement in visual impairment category was good for patients (Cohen's K test, K = 0.77 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.81), and control participants (Cohen's K test, K = 0.88 (95% CI, 0.88 to 0.88). Conclusions The HAT can be used to measure vision by telephone for a wide range of ophthalmology outpatients with diverse conditions, including those who are severely visually impaired. Test/retest variability is low and agreement in visual impairment category is good.

Long term outcomes in dry age-related macular degeneration following low vision rehabilitation interventions

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212097362
Author(s):  
Yulia Pyatova ◽  
Monica Daibert-Nido ◽  
Samuel N Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Low Vision Rehabilitation ◽  
Fixation Stability ◽  
Functional Vision ◽  
Vision Rehabilitation ◽  
Distance Vision

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of loss of vision in the older age groups. In the absence of a known therapy, low vision rehabilitation aims at preserving residual functional vision at optimal levels. Long term functional outcomes from Low Vision Rehabilitation (LVR) in AMD cases were never scrutinized in the past. This study brings some clarification in this matter. Methods: This is a retrospective case series study including data up to 2 years following the baseline visit. Low Vision Assessments included microperimetry testing and recommendations for low vision devices for distance vision. Outcomes measures selected for this study were best corrected distance visual acuity, fixation stability and preferred retinal locus (PRL) topography and LVR interventions. Results: Data on 17 patients with an average age of 89.2 ± 4.4 years was collected. In those with better vision than 20/400 loss of vision was about 1.4 letter per year as tested with ETDRS charts compared with losses of four letters per year in a population without LVR interventions. Fixation stability continued to deteriorate while PRL eccentricity seemed to remain the same. In about half of cases there was a change in the topographic location of the PRL to a different retinal quadrant. Conclusion: Long term, as expected, changes were noticed in visual acuity, fixation stability and PRL topography. However, it seems that LVR interventions for distance vision help patients retain significantly better functional vision at the 2 years follow up interval when compared to others.

An Analysis of Data Collection Tools Used When Completing Functional Vision Assessments

2021 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Justin T. Kaiser ◽  
Tina S. Herzberg
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Individualized Education Program ◽  
Color Perception ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Near Visual Acuity ◽  
Functional Vision

Introduction: This study analyzed 39 data collection tools used by teachers of students with visual impairments when completing functional vision assessments (FVAs). Methods: In 2017, teachers of students with visual impairments submitted data collection tools used in the FVA process. These tools were then compared with the 23 FVA components suggested by two established resources, Erin and Paul and D’Andrea and Farrenkopf. Results: The most commonly assessed skills and abilities were near visual acuity, distance visual acuity, and color perception. Only five of the submitted data collection tools contained at least 80% of the FVA components identified by the established resources. Fewer than 25% of the tools incorporated an orientation and mobility (O&M) screening. Discussion: There was considerable variation in the background information, medical data, and visual skills information that was collected. Variability in the data collected during the FVA process may impact a teacher’s recommendations, including referrals for specialized evaluations such as O&M and clinical low vision evaluations. Implications for practitioners: Since FVA reports are used by Individualized Education Program teams, it is essential that data collection tools used during the assessment process are complete and address key areas such as near visual acuity and color perception. Teachers should carefully review their tools to determine whether the data collected are sufficient to make informed recommendations regarding accommodations, goals, and referrals. If the data collected are not sufficient, then the tools should be revised or additional data should be collected.

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RESULTS OF CATARACT SURGERY IN THE SMALL PUPIL EYE BY PHACOEMUSIFICATION

2018 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Van Minh Pham ◽  
Van Nam Phan ◽  
Thi Thu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Posterior Chamber ◽  
Good Visual Acuity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Small Pupil

Objectives: To investigate the clinical characteristics of cataract patients with small pupils and to evaluate the result of cataract surgery on the eye have small pupils by phacotechnique. Subjects and methods: Descriptive study, prospective, uncontrolled interventions. Sample selection. The sample size of 70 patients with 70 eyes of cataracts with small pupils was treated by phaco technique and intraocular lens implant within posterior chamber. Follow up to 3 months. Results: 70 eyes, the percentage of men and women was not different from 54.2% (38 male) compared to 45.8% (32 female). The mean age was 80 ± 8.74, from 58 to 99 years. The disease was mainly found in the age group over 70 years old with over 80% (51.5%). Visual acuity before surgery was very poor under 3m CF (count finger) for 68.6% (48/70). Visual acuity over 1/10 was only a small amount with 2.8% (2 eyes). Pseudoexfoliation was the most common reason complications of mydriasis with 32/70 eyes (45.7%) and 22/70 eyes (31.4%) for age. The preoperative pupilarysizewas mostly small with 63/70 eyes (90.0%), non-dilated pupils (7/70 eyes) (10.0%). Average pupil size was 3.34 mm (2 - 4mm). Iris condition: iris atrophy 20/10 eyes (28.6%), iris synechiae 11/10 (15.7%), irregular iris muscle with 51, 4% and good iris muscle accounted for 48.6%. Grade of cataract: Grade III: 31/70 eyes (44.3%), Grade IV: 32/70 eyes (45.7%), Grade II: 5/70 eyes (7.1%) and V:2/70 eyes (2.9%). Pupil expander technique: OVD injection with 42/70 eyes (60%), using iris hook with 23/70 eyes (32.9%). Pupillary size before and after intervention has changed from 3.7mm to 4.48mm. Conclusions: Iris expander techniques have been shown to have good dilated pupils: 60.0% OVD injection, iris hook was 32.9%, other methods 7.1% One-week visibility of good visual acuity was higher than that of postoperative one day (12.2%) and increased at 1 month and 3 months (20.0%). Very good visual acuity was not available and low vision group was 1.4% after 3 months. Key words: cataract surgery; phacoemusification, small pupil

scholarly journals Minimum Detectable Change of Visual Acuity Measurements Using ETDRS Charts (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7876
Author(s):  
María Carmen Sánchez-González ◽  
Raquel García-Oliver ◽  
José-María Sánchez-González ◽  
María-José Bautista-Llamas ◽  
José-Jesús Jiménez-Rejano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Minimum Detectable Change ◽  
The Mean

In our work, we determined the value of visual acuity (VA) with ETDRS charts (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study). The purpose of the study was to determine the measurement reliabilities, calculating the correlation coefficient interclass (ICC), the value of the error associated with the measure (SEM), and the minimal detectable change (MDC). Forty healthy subjects took part. The mean age was 23.5 ± 3.1 (19 to 26) years. Visual acuities were measured with ETDRS charts (96% ETDRS chart nº 2140) and (10% SLOAN Contrast Eye Test chart nº 2153). The measurements were made (at 4 m) under four conditions: Firstly, photopic conditions with high contrast (HC) and low contrast (LC) and after 15 min of visual rest, mesopic conditions with high and low contrast. Under photopic conditions and high contrast, the ICC = 0.866 and decreased to 0.580 when the luminosity and contrast decreased. The % MDC in the four conditions was always less than 10%. It was minor under photopic conditions and HC (5.83) and maximum in mesopic conditions and LC (9.70). Our results conclude a high reliability of the ETDRS test, which is higher in photopic and high contrast conditions and lower when the luminosity and contrast decreases.

Orientation to Low Vision Aids

1979 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
Dennis K. Kelleher
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Training Sequence ◽  
Low Vision Aids ◽  
Technical Description ◽  
Aids Training

This article orients the reader to numerous aspects of low vision aids, including types of aids, function of aids, training sequence and considerations, a non-technical description of visual acuity, and favorable prognostic factors in using low vision aids. A brief annotated resource list is included.

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