scholarly journals A Polarized Discourse: Effects of Opinion Differentiation and Structural Differentiation on Communication

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722110308
Author(s):  
Namkje Koudenburg ◽  
Yoshihisa Kashima
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Structural Differentiation ◽  
Group Boundaries ◽  
Communicative Behaviors ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
Communication Expectations ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Actual Polarization

In Western societies, many polarized debates extend beyond the area of opinions, having consequences for social structures within society. Such segmentation of society into opinion-based groups may hinder communication, making it difficult to reconcile viewpoints across group boundaries. In three representative samples from Australia and the Netherlands ( N = 1,206), we examine whether perceived polarization predicts the quality (harmony, comfort, and experience of negative emotions) and quantity (avoidance of the issue) of communication with others in the community. We distinguish between perceived opinion differentiation (i.e., the extent to which opinions in society are divided) and perceived structural differentiation (i.e., the extent to which society fissions into subgroups). Results show that although opinion differentiation positively predicts the discussion of societal issues, the belief that these opinions reflect a deeper societal divide predicts negative communication expectations and intentions. We discuss how polarization perceptions may reinforce communicative behaviors that catalyze actual polarization processes.

scholarly journals A Comparison of English and Dutch Long-Stay Patients in Forensic Psychiatric Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhanuja Senn ◽  
Erik Bulten ◽  
Jack Tomlin ◽  
Birgit Völlm
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Service Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Forensic Patients ◽  
Sex Offences ◽  
Risk Need Responsivity ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric ◽  
Representative Samples

Background: A significant proportion of forensic patients in England are long-stayers. This can be problematic as individuals are kept in restrictive environments at potentially inappropriate levels of security for many years, sometimes decades. Improvements to the current English forensic mental health system to meet the needs of long-stay forensic patients more effectively might be informed by the Dutch service for long-stay forensic patients.Aims: To compare the characteristics of representative samples of long-stay patients in England and in the Netherlands in an attempt to draw conclusions on the degree to which the Dutch service model might be relevant to England.Method: This cross-sectional study explores the relevance of the Dutch service model by comparing the characteristics of representative samples of long-stay patients in England (n = 401) and the Netherlands (n = 102). Descriptive statistics and analyses of differences between groups are presented. The Risk-Need-Responsivity model was used to guide the selection of the study variables and structure the interpretation of the findings.Results: Compared to their English counterparts, the long-stay Dutch patients were less likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, but more likely to have personality disorder and have committed sex offences. The English group were younger at first conviction and at first custodial sentence. The total number of offences and the proportion of violent offenders were similar, but the Dutch HCR-20 scores indicated a significantly higher risk of violence.Conclusions: Whilst there may be barriers to adopting the Dutch service model in England, the differences in the characteristics of the two groups studied here do not necessarily preclude this approach.

scholarly journals Compliance in the 1.5 Meter Society: Longitudinal Analysis of Citizens’ Adherence to COVID-19 Mitigation Measures in a Representative Sample in the Netherlands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Reinders Folmer ◽  
Malouke Kuiper ◽  
Elke Olthuis ◽  
Emmeke Barbara Kooistra ◽  
Anne Leonre de Bruijn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Distance Measures ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
General Duty ◽  
Future Success ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The One ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Do So

In the month of May, the Netherlands moved out of the “intelligent lockdown”, and into the “1.5 meter society”, which aims to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic by means of safe-distance measures. This paper assesses how Dutch citizens have complied with these social distancing measures. It analyses data from two surveys conducted in May (between 8-14 and between 22-26) among nationally representative samples (N = 984 and N = 1021). We find that a combination of factors explain social distancing compliance. On the one hand we see that people are more likely to comply if they have an intrinsic motivation to do so, when they have the capacity to comply, when they have good impulse control, when they think compliance is normal, and when they see a general duty to obey rules generally. The paper also assesses how compliance has changed over time, assessing changes in May as well as how these are different from compliance with lockdown measures in April. During this period, there has been a gradual decline in compliance that coincides with a decline in intrinsic motivations and capacity for compliance, and there has been an increase in opportunities to violate the measures. The paper assesses what these changes may mean for current and future success of Covid-19 mitigation measures.

scholarly journals Prospect Theory in Times of a Pandemic: The Effects of Gain versus Loss Framing on Policy Preferences and Emotional Responses During the 2020 Coronavirus Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hameleers
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Prospect Theory ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Risk Seeking ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
The Us ◽  
Loss Framing

During the 2020 coronavirus pandemic, citizens and governments across the globe relied heavily on the legacy media: Not only to inform people about fast-paced developments in the midst of a crisis, but also to stimulate compliance with strict interventions. Prospect theory postulates that gain versus loss framing may affect preferences for different interventions. In a conceptual replication of Tversky and Kahneman’s seminal prospect theory, findings from surveys in the US and the Netherlands (N = 1,121) demonstrate that gain frames of the coronavirus promote support for risk-aversive interventions, whereas loss frames result in more support for risk-seeking alternatives. Beyond these preferences, gain frames yield slightly more support for strict interventions such as a lockdown than loss frames. Loss frames elicit stronger negative emotions, such as frustration and powerlessness. The experience of powerlessness, in turn, mediates the effects of loss versus gain frames on support for stricter interventions. Together, these findings indicate that framing the pandemic in terms of gains may be most effective in promoting support for the strict preventative measures that have been taken throughout the globe.

scholarly journals The palliative care knowledge of nursing home staff: The EU FP7 PACE cross-sectional survey in 322 nursing homes in six European countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1487-1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinne Smets ◽  
Lara Pivodic ◽  
Ruth Piers ◽  
H Roeline W Pasman ◽  
Yvonne Engels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Survey ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity ◽  
Representative Samples

Background: The provision of high-quality palliative care in nursing homes (NHs) is a major challenge and places demands on the knowledge and skills of the staff. Aim: This study assesses the palliative care knowledge of staff in NHs in Europe. Design: Cross-sectional study using structured survey Setting/participants: Nurses and care assistants working in 322 representative samples of NHs in Belgium, the Netherlands, England, Finland, Poland and Italy. Palliative care knowledge is measured with the Palliative Care Survey. Scores on the scales range between 0 and 1; higher scores indicate more knowledge. Results: A total of 3392 NH-staff were given a questionnaire, and 2275 responded (67%). Knowledge of basic palliative care issues ranged between 0.20 in Poland (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.19; 0.24) and 0.61 in Belgium (95% CI 0.59; 0.63), knowledge of physical aspects that can contribute to pain ranged between 0.81 in Poland (95% CI 0.79; 0.84) and 0.91 in the Netherlands (95% CI 0.89; 0.93), and knowledge of psychological reasons that can contribute to pain ranged between 0.56 in England (95% CI 0.50; 0.62) and 0.87 in Finland (95% CI 0.83; 0.90). Factors associated with knowledge were country, professional role and having undertaken formal training in palliative care. Conclusions: Knowledge of nurses and care assistants concerning basic palliative care issues appears to be suboptimal in all participating countries, although there is substantial heterogeneity. Education of nursing staff needs to be improved across, but each country may require its own strategy to address the unique and specific knowledge gaps.

scholarly journals The Fragility of Self-Respect: Emotional Labour of Workfare Volunteering

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kampen ◽  
Judith Elshout ◽  
Evelien Tonkens
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Voluntary Work ◽  
Emotional Labour ◽  
Working Environments

This article contributes to our empirical understanding of self-respect in rising meritocracies by focusing on the experiences of unemployed, low-skilled people recruited as workfare volunteers in the Netherlands. As many theorists have argued, the long-term unemployed struggle to maintain self-esteem. We found that workfare projects that introduce them to voluntary work can help them regain self-respect through four types of emotional labour: feeling respected through their newfound status, enjoying a craft, being able to perform in less stressful working environments, and taking pride in the meaning bestowed by voluntary work. But the emotional labour necessary to experience their situation more positively also increases the risk of experiencing negative emotions, thereby posing new threats to the fragile self-respect of unemployed citizens.

scholarly journals Funny and meaningful: media messages that are humorous and moving provide optimal consolation in corona times

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelijn Strick
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
The Us ◽  
Post Measure ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Moving Media ◽  
The Impact

Abstract During the first months of the corona crisis, people worldwide produced and shared thousands of uplifting (e.g., humorous, moving) media messages. The six studies reported here empirically tested the consolatory effects of viewing such positive media messages in the US, The Netherlands, and the UK. I compared the impact of humorous and moving (i.e., touching, heartwarming) messages, as they provide different kinds of well-being: hedonic versus eudaimonic. Studies 1–3 had correlational designs. Largely in line with the hedonic versus eudaimonic well-being framework, the results suggested that humorous messages lift people’s spirits by providing pleasure, while moving messages lift people’s spirits by providing realism, optimism, and by illustrating core human values. Studies 4–6 used a pre- and post-measure of negative and positive emotions. The results showed that viewing non-moving humorous messages significantly reduced negative emotions but did not increase positive emotions. Viewing non-humorous moving messages reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions in the US and UK, but not in The Netherlands. Finally, viewing messages that are both humorous and moving reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions in all samples, implying they are particularly valuable as mood-enhancers during crises. The practical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Sustaining Compliance with Covid-19 Mitigation Measures? Understanding Distancing Behavior in the Netherlands during June 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Reinders Folmer ◽  
Malouke Kuiper ◽  
Elke Olthuis ◽  
Emmeke Barbara Kooistra ◽  
Anne Leonre de Bruijn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Singular Trajectory ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Do So

In the month of June, the Netherlands had continued its singular trajectory in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. After the transition from the “intelligent lockdown” into the “1.5 meter society,” the month of June heralded further relaxations of the prior mitigation measures. Building on our previous surveys during the month of May, this paper reports the findings of two additional survey waves collected in June (between 8-11 and between 22-26) among nationally representative samples (N = 1041 and N = 1033). The results show that the processes that sustained compliance during the month of May continued to be influential, especially citizens’ intrinsic motivation to comply, their capacity to do so, their impulse control, and social norms that sustained compliance. Furthermore, there were some indications that extrinsic reasons, such as the likelihood of punishment and the fairness of enforcement, may have become more influential in shaping compliance. A comparison to the findings from May revealed, however, that compliance was gradually declining in the Netherlands, as were the resources that sustain it.

scholarly journals Maintaining Compliance when the Virus Returns: Understanding Adherence to Social Distancing Measures in the Netherlands in July 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Reinders Folmer ◽  
Malouke Kuiper ◽  
Elke Olthuis ◽  
Emmeke Barbara Kooistra ◽  
Anne Leonre de Bruijn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Distance Measures ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Safe Distance ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Singular Trajectory ◽  
Representative Samples

After its relative lenient, “intelligent lockdown” approach to the COVID-19 coronavirus, the Netherlands has continued its singular trajectory in combating the pandemic. The month of July introduced further relaxations to prior mitigation measures, but also saw a resurgence of infections. This working paper examines how these developments are reflected in Dutch citizens’ compliance with safe-distance measures during this period. Building on our previous surveys during the months of May and June, we report the findings of two additional survey waves collected in early (7-10) and late (21-23) July among nationally representative samples (N = 1064 and N = 1023, respectively). The results show that the decline in compliance that was observed from May to June seems to have halted. At the same time, important predictors of compliance – such as citizens’ capacity to comply, perceptions of the threat of the virus, and support for mitigation measures – have ceased to decrease, or are increasing. Taken together, these findings suggest that Dutch citizens’ compliance with mitigation measures may be on the rise again. However, our findings also suggest that social norms for compliance continue to be eroding, which may continue to dampen citizens’ tendency to comply.

Your Hero Is a Ghost, 2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
Lovett/Codagnone ◽  
Tom Zook
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Black Paint ◽  
Relations Of Power ◽  
The Way

Stainless steel, wood, conduit, black paint, speakers, sound. Photo by Jason Mandella, courtesy Sculpture Center, New York, and the artists Lovett/Codagnone, an artist team based in New York, have worked together since 1995 using photography, performance, video, sound, and installation. Their ongoing exploration of relations of power, as manifested in explicit cultural signifiers as well as clandestine or unconscious practices, investigates the way power comes to play within social structures (relationships, family) to focus on intimacy and the construction of desire. Recent solo exhibitions: Museo Marino Marini, Florence, 2012; LA><ART, Los Angeles, 2012; September Galerie, Berlin, 2011; Sculpture Center, New York, 2010; Sara Meltzer Gallery, New York, 2009; MoMA PS1, New York, 2007–2008. Their performances have been presented at the ICA Philadelphia (2010); Judson Memorial Church, New York (2010); and the ICA Boston (2007). Their work has been shown in galleries and museums in France, Germany, Italy, and The Netherlands. Supplemental media related to this piece can be found at www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/suppl/10.1162/DRAM_a_00205

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