Sex Differences in Self-Confidence

1982 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Lenney ◽  
Joel Gold
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Self Confidence

Sex differences in self-confidence: The influence of comparison to others' ability level

Sex Roles ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 925-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Lenney ◽  
Joel Gold ◽  
Chris Browning
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Ability Level ◽  
Self Confidence

Achievement, Self-Confidence, Personality Traits, and Leadership Ability: A Review of Literature on Sex Differences

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. White ◽  
Gerardine De Sanctis ◽  
Michael D. Crino
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Women Managers ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Fear Of Success ◽  
Managerial Role ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Career Strategies ◽  
Primary Focus

This manuscript reviews the adjustment of women managers to the managerial role. The primary focus of the paper is on sex differences in relation to self-confidence, achievement and fear of success, leadership ability, and personality characteristics. In addition, career tactics and career strategies managers utilize to achieve success are discussed. Deficiencies in research, the need for a systematic theoretical framework, and possible future trends are also presented.

Developmental Changes in Self-Perceptions of Intelligence and Self-Confidence

1980 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Ross Gold ◽  
Lorelei R. Brush ◽  
Eve R. Sprotzer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Eighth Graders ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Eighth Grade ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Sex Stereotypes

Sex differences in self-perceptions of intelligence and self-confidence were examined among third through eighth graders. In third grade, differences between the sexes were small and, in the case of perceptions of intelligence, favored the females. By fifth grade, males were more likely to describe themselves as smart and self-confident than were females. These differences persisted into the eighth grade. Further analyses indicated that the sex differences could not be adequately explained by the process of internalizing sex-stereotypes.

Sex Differences in Self-Confidence as a Function of Feedback and Social Cues

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Brabender ◽  
Susan K. Boardman
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
The Other ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Female Subjects

Sex differences in self-confidence were assessed by measuring the discrepancy between 20 male and 20 female subjects' perceived and actual reaction times (RTs) in a matching task. Subjects judged whether or not two letters were the same. After each trial, perceived and actual RTs were recorded. Whereas half of the subjects received RT feedback from the experimenter after the experimental trials, the other half did not. Half of the subjects were given a standard by which to evaluate their own performance and the other half were not. The absence of a significant difference between the actual RTs of 20 male and 20 female subjects indicates that they were equally efficient in matching letters. However, the extent to which subjects would underestimate their RTs was sex-dependent: without RT feedback, women underestimated their actual RTs more than men. In contrast to previous findings, relative to men, women exhibited no tendency to devaluate their performance.

Can Operative Trauma Simulation Eliminate Sex Differences in Self-Confidence?

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (4) ◽  
pp. S172-S173
Author(s):  
Audrey C. Pendleton ◽  
Afshin Parsikia ◽  
Sheldon H. Teperman ◽  
Melvin E. Stone ◽  
Srinivas H. Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Operative Trauma ◽  
Self Confidence

Sex biases in mental health scales: do women tend to report less serious symptoms and confide more than men?

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Tousignant ◽  
Roger Brosseau ◽  
Lucien Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Opinion Survey ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sex Biases ◽  
Confidence Scale ◽  
Do So

SynopsisWomen report more symptoms than men in mental health surveys. The evidence shows that psychometric biases cannot explain this significant difference. This study attempts to explore other factors that could bias the results – for example, that women are likely to report less serious symptoms than men or are less apprehensive in reporting symptoms because they have a higher tendency to report symptoms than men. A random sample of 213 women and 222 men, all married and between the age of 25 and 40, were interviewed at home in two districts of Montreal (Canada) and given the Health Opinion Survey (HOS). As has been usually found, women scored higher than men on the HOS. A variety of scales assessed the seriousness of the symptoms and the results did not indicate any sex difference in this regard. Moreover, there was no correlation between the mental health and the Jourard Self-Confidence Scale. Finally, women did not confide more about their symptoms than men, contrary to the prevalent opinion according to which they are more likely to do so. Sex differences on mental health scales do not, therefore, appear to be related to the type of bias assessed in this survey.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Psychological Stress and Anxiety with Gastrointestinal Symptoms Before and During a 56 km Ultramarathon Running Race

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Urwin ◽  
Luana C. Main ◽  
Antonina Mikocka-Walus ◽  
David R. Skvarc ◽  
Spencer S. H. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Recovery Stress ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
State Recovery ◽  
Potential Contributor

Abstract Background This study assessed relationships and sex differences between psychological state (recovery, stress, anxiety, and self-confidence) and gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) prior to and during a 56 km ultramarathon running race and identified predictive factors of race GIS. Forty-four (26 males, 18 females) ultramarathon competitors completed anxiety, recovery, stress and GIS questionnaires for three days prior to the race and immediately pre-race. Race GIS were assessed immediately post-race. Spearman’s rank order, Mann–Whitney U tests and regression analyses were used to determine correlations and identify sex differences between psychological state and GIS and determine predictors of race GIS. Results Race GIS were significantly correlated with recovery (rs =  − 0.381, p = 0.011), stress (rs = 0.500, p = 0.001) and anxiety (rs = 0.408, p = 0.006), calculated as the mean of the three days preceding the race and on race morning. The correlation between anxiety and GIS was strongest in the 24 h immediately prior to the race (all rs > 0.400, and all p < 0.05), but unclear patterns were identified for stress and recovery. Regression analyses showed 36% and 40% of variation in the severity and number of race GIS was accounted for by body mass and measures of stress, anxiety, and GIS over the three days preceding the race and on race morning (both p < 0.001). There were no sex differences in the number and severity of GIS leading up to or during the race (all p > 0.05), however, females reported greater state anxiety (p = 0.018) and lower self-confidence than males (p = 0.006) over the three days preceding the race and on race morning. Conclusion Endurance athletes that experience GIS during competition should investigate elevated stress and/or anxiety as a potential contributor and identify if management strategies can reduce the occurrence and severity of GIS.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document