Impact of institutional care on attachment disorganization and insecurity of Ukrainian preschoolers

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg ◽  
Natasha Dobrova-Krol ◽  
Marinus van IJzendoorn
Keyword(s):  
Serotonin Receptor ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Strange Situation ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Attachment Disorganization

Institutional care has been shown to lead to insecure and disorganized attachments and indiscriminate friendliness. Some children, however, are surprisingly resilient to the adverse environment. Here the protective role of the long variant of the serotonin receptor gene (5HTT) is explored in a small hypothesis-generating study of 37 Ukrainian preschoolers reared in institutional settings or in their biological families. Attachment was observed with the Strange Situation Procedure, and indiscriminate social behavior was assessed in a semistructured interview with the caregiver. We found a moderating role of 5HTT for the association between adverse environment and attachment disorganization. Children with the ss or sl genotyope showed more attachment disorganization and less attachment security when they grew up in an institution compared to children who lived in a family, but children who were homozygous for the l allele appeared to be protected against the adverse institutional environment on attachment. We conclude that not all children may be equally vulnerable to extremely adverse rearing experiences.

Role of the HTR1A serotonin receptor gene in Tourette syndrome and conduct disorder

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
D. Comings ◽  
R. Gade ◽  
D. Muhleman ◽  
J. MacMurray
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Serotonin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Gene

scholarly journals Polymorphisms in the Genes Encoding for Human Kinin Receptors and the Risk of End-Stage Renal Failure

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2120-2124
Author(s):  
MARCIN J. ZYCHMA ◽  
JANUSZ GUMPRECHT ◽  
EWA ZUKOWSKA-SZCZECHOWSKA ◽  
WLADYSLAW GRZESZCZAK
Keyword(s):  
Promoter Region ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
R Gene ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Kinin Receptors ◽  
Receptor Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Abstract. There is evidence that environmental factors and genetic predisposition affect the development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The role of kinin peptides in renal pathology has been also suggested, and a nephroprotective effect of kinins, mediated by B1and B2kinin receptors, has been postulated. Recently, two novel sequence differences in the B1R gene were identified, and the C allele of the G→C substitution at position -699 in the promoter region of the B1R gene was found to be less frequent among patients with ESRD compared with healthy control subjects. In this study, the association between B1R and B2R polymorphisms and ESRD was examined using a family-based study design: transmission/disequilibrium test. B1R gene G→C substitution at position -699 in the promoter region and B2R gene C→T transition at position 181 in exon 2 were genotyped in 247 family trios: offspring affected with ESRD and both parents. The less common alleles of both polymorphisms (B1R C allele and B2R T allele) were transmitted from heterozygous parents to offspring affected with ESRD less frequently than expected (37 and 36%, respectively;P< 0.05). In conclusion, results obtained in this study support a hypothesis of the protective role of bradykinin receptor gene polymorphisms in the development of ESRD.

scholarly journals Meaningful social interactions between older people in institutional care settings

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
GILL HUBBARD ◽  
SUSAN TESTER ◽  
MURNA G. DOWNS
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Symbolic Interactionist ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Interactionist Perspective ◽  
Control Resident ◽  
Do So

This paper is a contribution to the developing understanding of social relationships in institutional care settings. It focuses on two areas that have been neglected in research: the reasons for and types of social interaction in institutional settings, and the ways in which the context of people's lives shapes social interaction. The paper draws on ethnographic observations conducted in four care settings in Scotland using a symbolic interactionist perspective. It finds that residents communicate and interact, and that the personal, cultural and structural contexts frame social interaction and influence the ways that residents use humour, express sexuality, and show hostility. The paper concludes that residents create social interactions in which action is embedded, but do so within specific structural and cultural contexts. These contexts ‘control’ resident action by establishing frameworks for the interpretation of meaning. At the same time, each facet of context is ‘controlled’ by the ways in which residents actively take on the ‘role’ of others, and project ‘self’ and a ‘label’.

Protective role of peroxiredoxin-4 in heart failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
Naseer Ahmed ◽  
Masooma Naseem ◽  
Javeria Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Consequent Increase ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Recently, we have read with great interest the article published by Ibarrola et al. (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2018) 132, 1471–1485), which used proteomics and immunodetection methods to show that Galectin-3 (Gal-3) down-regulated the antioxidant peroxiredoxin-4 (Prx-4) in cardiac fibroblasts. Authors concluded that ‘antioxidant activity of Prx-4 had been identified as a protein down-regulated by Gal-3. Moreover, Gal-3 induced a decrease in total antioxidant capacity which resulted in a consequent increase in peroxide levels and oxidative stress markers in cardiac fibroblasts.’ We would like to point out some results stated in the article that need further investigation and more detailed discussion to clarify certain factors involved in the protective role of Prx-4 in heart failure.

Parenting Behaviors and Anxiety in Young Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin N. Stevens ◽  
Joseph R. Bardeen ◽  
Kyle W. Murdock
Keyword(s):  
Effortful Control ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Parental Overprotection ◽  
High Control ◽  
Development Of Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Parenting behaviors – specifically behaviors characterized by high control, intrusiveness, rejection, and overprotection – and effortful control have each been implicated in the development of anxiety pathology. However, little research has examined the protective role of effortful control in the relation between parenting and anxiety symptoms, specifically among adults. Thus, we sought to explore the unique and interactive effects of parenting and effortful control on anxiety among adults (N = 162). Results suggest that effortful control uniquely contributes to anxiety symptoms above and beyond that of any parenting behavior. Furthermore, effortful control acted as a moderator of the relationship between parental overprotection and anxiety, such that overprotection is associated with anxiety only in individuals with lower levels of effortful control. Implications for potential prevention and intervention efforts which specifically target effortful control are discussed. These findings underscore the importance of considering individual differences in self-regulatory abilities when examining associations between putative early-life risk factors, such as parenting, and anxiety symptoms.

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