scholarly journals Proudly Elitist and Undemocratic? The distributed maintenance of contested practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Raynard ◽  
Farah Kodeih ◽  
Royston Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Distributed Monitoring ◽  
Institutional Processes ◽  
Social Legitimacy ◽  
Longitudinal Research Design ◽  
Institutional Maintenance ◽  
Recruitment Model

This study examines the maintenance of highly institutionalized practices during periods of vehement contestation and changing external demands. Employing a cross-level longitudinal research design, we explore how the recruitment model of elite French business schools persisted, remaining fundamentally intact despite serious questions raised about its functional utility and social legitimacy. Comparing three periods of contestation, we document shifting coalitions of dispersed actors that were incentivized to “thematically” maintain the practices in the focal field with little formal orchestration. Our findings indicate that practices which contribute to social stratification often foster meta-routines that cajole constituencies in multiple fields to, collectively and self-interestedly, promote and regulate conservative change. We identify three meta-routines—referential comparison, generative improvisation, and distributed monitoring and policing—that introduced flexibility and encouraged “unforced” adaptations. In elaborating these meta-routines, we contribute to extant theory on the mechanisms of institutional maintenance, and shed further light on the role of complex embeddedness as a constraint on institutional processes.

The Role of Individual Differences in Accident Involvement

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 801-805
Author(s):  
Margaret M. Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Criterion Measure ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
Longitudinal Research Design

Many research studies have focused on identifying how individual differences are linked to accident involvement. Results have indicated that such factors as external locus of control, anti-authority, delinquency, and low emotional stability are predictive of accident involvement (see Hansen, 1988 and Arthur, Barrett and Alexander, 1991). However, many studies have been limited to examining a few individual difference measures and determining the bivariate correlation between the construct and the criterion measure of accidents (i.e. number of accidents involved in). Typically, a concurrent research design is used, possibly confounding the measures of individual differences. This paper examines the influence of individual differences on accident involvement using a longitudinal research design. Individual difference measures were collected on soldiers in FY 86/87 and measures of job performance and accident involvement were collected for these soldiers for the following 3 years. Overall, the results are weak linking temperament or intelligence to accident involvement. One possible reason for the findings is the low frequency of accidents. Suggestions for additional research such as using incidents rather than accidents are presented.

Complex Yearlong Associations Between Mental Toughness and Sport-Specific Practice Among Adolescent Estonian Volleyball Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 939-950
Author(s):  
Lennart Raudsepp ◽  
Kristi Vink
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Mental Toughness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Longitudinal Research Design ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Specific Practice ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Reciprocal Associations

This study tested the reciprocal associations between mental toughness (MT) and sport-specific practice (SSP) among 163 adolescent Estonian volleyball players who completed self-reported measures of MT and SSP within a 2-year, three-wave longitudinal research design. Higher MT was associated with higher SSP hours at baseline, and changes in MT and SSP were also significantly interrelated across data from both males and females. These findings have implications for the importance of SSP to increase MT, though future research should replicate this study with other participant samples.

Does Tertiary Education Produce Religious Change?

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
David De Vaus
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Religious Change ◽  
Reference Groups ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Longitudinal Research Design

This study considers whether tertiary institutions have an impact on the religious orientation of students. While other studies have examined this question, they suffer from important methodological weaknesses which leave their interpretations open to question. By using a longitudinal research design with control groups, this study of 375 16-to 18-year-olds shows that tertiary institutions have no distinctive impact on student religious orientation. It is suggested that the lack of distinctive impact is partly because attending tertiary institutions has no distinctive impact on the reference groups of students.

Finding a Voice in Predominantly White Institutions: A Longitudinal Study of Black Women Faculty Members’ Journeys toward Tenure

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Bridget Turner Kelly ◽  
Rachelle Winkle-Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Women Faculty ◽  
Predominantly White Institutions ◽  
Tenure Track ◽  
White Institutions ◽  
Longitudinal Research Design ◽  
Black Women Faculty

Background/Context Amidst scholarship that underscores the importance of Black women faculty in higher education, Black women are often not being retained in faculty positions at research universities. There is a gap in the research relative to how Black women experience the tenure process at predominantly White institutions, and this may have important implications for both recruitment and retention of Black women faculty. Purpose This analysis attempts to fill a gap in the literature on the recruitment and retention of faculty of color by asking: What are the experiences of Black women faculty on the tenure track at PWIs who are the only woman of color faculty member in their academic program? Drawing on data from qualitative longitudinal research with Black women faculty who were on the tenure track at PWIs, the primary purpose of this analysis was to understand four Black women's longitudinal reflections on their journey toward tenure at PWIs where they are “othered” by gender and race. Setting and Participants This project was part of a larger study of 22 women faculty who were on tenure-lines in two predominantly White research universities. This study focused on four Black women from this larger study. Research Design This study employed a qualitative longitudinal research design. Data Collection and Analysis: As part of the qualitative longitudinal research design, interviews were conducted each year for five years with each participant. Findings The findings of this analysis with Black women faculty on the tenure-line suggests that despite being the only person of color in their academic programs, they found ways to use their voice in and outside the academy. Finding and using their voices in the academy became a way to push back and resist some of the isolation and racism that the women experienced in the academy, and often the women did so in collectivist spaces with other Black women. Conclusions/Recommendations These findings of this study call into question predominantly White and male spaces in academia and ways that these spaces should be challenged to change. The Black women in this study coped by creating collectivist spaces and finding/ using their voices. Rather than focusing on how to encourage Black women to cope and survive in academia, there should be more emphasis on how to change institutional and departmental structures to make these spaces more inclusive and collectivist.

Longitudinal Research Design

2021 ◽  
pp. 201-220
Author(s):  
Stefan Hunziker ◽  
Michael Blankenagel
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Longitudinal Research Design

scholarly journals Does Structural Power Matter? Board Attributes and Firm Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Fiona Jepkosgei Korir ◽  
Joel K Tenai
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Longitudinal Research Design ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose- The study investigates the moderating role of Chief Executive Officer Duality onboard attributes and firm performance of companies listed in Kenya. Design/Methodology- The research used a longitudinal research design. Panel data were derived from published accounts for sixteen years that is from 2002-2017. IGLS regression models were used to test the hypothesis. Findings- The empirical results indicated that the independence of the board, the size of the board, and the duration in which the board member served the organization positively influence the firm performance. However, CEO duality does not moderate the relationship. Practical Implications- Regulatory bodies such as NSE and CMA in Kenya should ensure that listed firms have more independent directors serving a board, ensure a reasonable size of the board and increase the board tenure to enhance firm performance. Further, the combined roles of the CEO and chairman may not influence the efficiency of the board in the Kenyan context.

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