Capacity building for proportionate climate policy: Lessons from India and South Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 019251212096388
Author(s):  
Prabhat Upadhyaya ◽  
Manish Kumar Shrivastava ◽  
Ganesh Gorti ◽  
Saliem Fakir
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
The State ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Discretionary Power ◽  
Nationally Determined Contributions ◽  
Definitive Role

Countries must develop their capacity to credibly revise their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) proportionate to the global climate goal. This paper argues that long-lasting capacity is necessarily embedded in the institutions governing cooperation between state and non-state actors. This institutional capacity for cooperation is determined by the two interactive processes of conception and calibration, where the state plays a definitive role in mediating between competing interests. In conception, the state uses its discretionary power to set the long-term vision, whereas during calibration it exercises flexibility to accommodate concerns and capacity of other actors. We conclude that proportionality of policy response is better understood, and achieved, through the convergence of both these processes. Drawing on climate policy experiences of India and South Africa, we recommend that successful implementation and enhancement of NDCs would require a greater emphasis on capacity building for calibration in developing countries.

scholarly journals Analysis of the BRICS countries’ pathways towards a low-carbon environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-102
Author(s):  
Agyemang Sampene ◽  
Cai Li ◽  
Fredrick Agyeman ◽  
Robert Brenya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Nationally Determined Contributions ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies

Global climate change has emerged as humanity’s greatest challenge, affecting both the natural security of the earth and the long-term growth of human society. Protecting the environment and fostering long-term growth while reducing carbon emissions has become a global concern. The BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) are participating in the fight against climate change through the promotion of low-carbon environment (LCE). In this study, we use content analysis to discuss some of the policies, plans, and programs outlined by the various governments in the BRICS that can help them implement an LCE. The study indicates that currently Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa are rated as “insufficient,” “critically insufficient,” “compatible,” “incompatible,” and “highly insufficient” respectively in their commitment to nationally determined contributions (NDC) to the Paris Agreement. The paper recommends that the BRICS countries achieve an LCE through expanding low-carbon investments and financing, focusing on taxation that goes beyond energy, investing in low-carbon cities, adapting to a circular economy and low-carbon technologies, expanding electricity markets, and promoting climate-friendly international trade among the BRICS countries.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF INTERACTION OF CORPORATE ACCELERATORS (SMALL INNOVATIVE ENTERPRISES) AND START-UPS FOR THEIR DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
V. A. Ponomarev ◽  
M. V. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Business System ◽  
State Participation ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Start Ups

Development of small innovative enterprises (SIE) and promotion of start-ups is an urgent problem in the country's economy. On the example of SIE, modern tendencies and prospects of mutually beneficial assistance to startup promotion by SIE are considered. The way of long-term development of SIEs has been analyzed at the expense of R & D services starting from preliminary studies by start-ups and contract production for new projects (start-ups). The interconnected approaches in this direction are defined: long-term and mutual benefit. For the successful implementation of start-ups, a system for their development (the system of innovative business) is proposed, its elements are listed, as well as the management body-the corporate accelerator (innovation center). Elements of the innovative business system and the position of the state in the system of acceleration are considered. As a criterion for the effectiveness of the system of accelerating startups and startups themselves, it is suggested to estimate them in addition to the volume of sales of innovative products also in terms of the volume of cooperation. The need to adjust corporate policy to small, medium and large enterprises for long-term innovative development has been clarified. Enterprises can act as corporate accelerators. The experience of building mutually beneficial cooperation between the corporate accelerator of the innovation center in Aerofon LLC and start-ups can be useful for creating an accelerated system with state participation.

WHAT DOES THE 2°C TARGET IMPLY FOR A GLOBAL CLIMATE AGREEMENT IN 2020? THE LIMITS STUDY ON DURBAN PLATFORM SCENARIOS

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 1340008 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELMAR KRIEGLER ◽  
MASSIMO TAVONI ◽  
TINO ABOUMAHBOUB ◽  
GUNNAR LUDERER ◽  
KATHERINE CALVIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Policy ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Exceedance Probability ◽  
Global Emission ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Emissions Intensity ◽  
Near Term

This paper provides a novel and comprehensive model-based assessment of possible outcomes of the Durban Platform negotiations with a focus on emissions reduction requirements, the consistency with the 2°C target and global economic impacts. The Durban Platform scenarios investigated in the LIMITS study — all assuming the implementation of comprehensive global emission reductions after 2020, but assuming different 2020 emission reduction levels as well as different long-term concentration targets — exhibit a probability of exceeding the 2°C limit of 22–41% when reaching 450 (450–480) ppm CO 2 e , and 35–59% when reaching 500 (480–520) ppm CO 2 e in 2100. Forcing and temperature show a peak and decline pattern for both targets. Consistency of the resulting temperature trajectory with the 2°C target is a societal choice, and may be based on the maximum exceedance probability at the time of the peak and the long run exceedance probability, e.g., in the year 2100. The challenges of implementing a long-term target after a period of fragmented near-term climate policy can be significant as reflected in steep reductions of emissions intensity and transitional and long-term economic impacts. In particular, the challenges of adopting the target are significantly higher in 2030 than in 2020, both in terms of required emissions intensity decline rates and economic impacts. We conclude that an agreement on comprehensive emissions reductions to be implemented from 2020 onwards has particular significance for meeting long-term climate policy objectives.

scholarly journals Climate finance, climate investors and assets for low emission development

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-97
Author(s):  
Collins Ngwakwe
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Climate Finance ◽  
Carbon Disclosure Project ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Policy Evolution

This research examines the relationship between climate finance, growth in climate investors and growth in climate assets for low emission development. It also evaluates the effect of climate policy evolution on the growth of climate investors and climate assets. Adopting a positivist paradigm, the paper makes use of a quantitative research approach and applies the causal and correlational research design. The paper made use of secondary data from the World Bank Carbon Finance Unit and from the Carbon Disclosure Project (ADP). The major objective was to examine the combined effect of climate finance and climate policy on the growth of carbon investors and carbon assets for the companies in the Carbon Disclosure Project which includes the 100 JSE companies. Findings from the test reveal that the combined effect of growth in climate finance and climate policy evolution has a significant relationship with growth in climate investors and climate assets. Given this result the paper proceeded to examine if the growth in climate finance has any correlation with South Africa’s emission reduction trend. Results however indicate that South Africa’s GHG emission trend does not correlate with climate finance availability; GHG emissions in South Africa have continued to soar despite a seeming growth in climate finance. The paper reasoned that the global climate finance might not be effectively available to corporates in South Africa at the expected level of financing to initiate the expected level of climate investment to effect a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. This confirms literature assertions that global climate finance might not easily be accessible, at least to entities in developing countries. In conclusion, the paper suggests the establishment of a Southern African Climate Finance pool where the public and private sector can contribute and that such pool should be made easily available to carbon investors at a cheap rate with alluring tax incentives to funders and beneficiaries. The paper adds a modest nuance to the literature as no know previous research has dwelt specifically on the unique relationship of climate finance, climate policy and climate investors. The paper’s implication is beneficial to green policy officials and for academic debate. It suggests an avenue for further research about climate investors’ handicap in accessing global climate finance and to explore logistics to develop independent South African based climate finance.

The assessment of the appraisal of records: case of the University of the Witwatersrand and the University of Venda

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkholedzeni Sidney Netshakhuma
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
South African ◽  
The State ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
South African Universities ◽  
Institutional Memory ◽  
The University

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the state of appraisal with regard to compliance with archives and records management legislations (ARML), the archives and records management policy (ARMP), reappraisal of records, capacity building, archives building and electronic records management (ERM) and to make a recommendation based on the research findings.Design/methodology/approachThis study was based on the qualitative research technique. The research approach was a multiple case study comparing the previously advantaged and disadvantaged universities in South Africa.FindingsThe study found that ARML, ARMP, reappraisal of records and capacity building are essential for the appraisal of university records. The lack of appropriate appraisal theory/strategy led to a loss of institutional memory.Research limitations/implicationsThis research was limited to the University of the Witwatersrand (WITS) and the University of Venda (UNIVEN). These two institutions are representatives of the state of archiving in South Africa.Practical implicationsThis research will serve a benchmark for other South African universities, intending to implement systematic disposal of records in compliance with legislations and policies.Social implicationsFailure by universities to appraise records will lead to the loss of institutional memory. This implies that history of institution will be lost if necessary measures are not taken.Originality/valueThere is very little, if any, research on the appraisal of South African universities’ records. The outcome of this research will benefit universities that are seeking to develop and implement appraisal strategies.

Comparing Climate Policy Processes in India, Brazil, and South Africa: Domestic Engagements With International Climate Policy Frameworks

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhat Upadhyaya ◽  
Mathias Fridahl ◽  
Björn-Ola Linnér ◽  
Mikael Román
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Institutional Capacity ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Policy Cycle ◽  
International Climate Policy ◽  
Nationally Determined Contributions ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Tackle Climate Change

Using policy cycle model as a heuristic, this article studies Indian, Brazilian, and South African engagement with Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) by (a) comparing NAMA policy process and (b) identifying factors driving or limiting the framework’s domestic application. India largely remained uninterested in NAMAs, Brazil aligned its domestic climate policy and NAMAs, while South Africa had a more nuanced engagement when formulating NAMAs. Four factors influenced these countries’ NAMA engagements: the level and necessity of international support, the availability of domestic policy provisions to tackle climate change, the domestic institutional capacity to coordinate interministerial functioning, and the role of individuals in the institutional apparatus. As an international climate policy framework, studying NAMA engagement provides learnings for nationally determined contributions under the Paris Agreement for designing the instrument, ensuring clarity on support provisions for ratcheting up ambitions, and enhancing institutional capacity, to expedite transition from policy formulation to implementation and beyond.

scholarly journals Analysis of the State Universal Basic Education Board's Execution of Strategic Capacity Building and Teachers' Job Satisfaction in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Affiong Imeh Imeh
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The State ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Universal Basic Education ◽  
Strategic Capacity ◽  
Multi Stage

This study examined the relationship between the State Universal Basic Education Board's execution of strategic capacity building and teachers' job satisfaction in Akwa Ibom State. One objective, research question and null hypothesis were formulated to guide the study. The correlational design was adopted. The population of the study consisted of 12,566 public primary school teachers in Akwa Ibom State. A multi-stage approach was used to select a sample size of 1,750 teachers. Two researcher-developed instruments namely ‘Executing Strategic Capacity Building Questionnaire (ESCBQ) and ‘Teachers’ Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (TJSQ)’ were both completed by teachers and used for data collection. The instruments were validated by three experts from the University of Uyo. The Cronbach’s Alpha Statistic was used to ascertain the reliability coefficients of .832 and .790 respectively. Correlation (r) was used to answer research question while the PPMC analysis was used to test hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that strategic capacity building has a significant relationship with teachers’ job satisfaction. It is therefore recommended that SUBEB management should strategically design and carryout capacity building programmes for teachers based on needs assessment that leads to successful implementation of educational strategies.

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