Parental stress and resilience in autism spectrum disorder and Down syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Pastor-Cerezuela ◽  
Maria-Inmaculada Fernández-Andrés ◽  
David Pérez-Molina ◽  
Amparo Tijeras-Iborra
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to compare parental stress and resilience in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Down syndrome (DS), and typical development (TD), and analyze the relationship between these two constructs. A total of 97 parents participated (ASD: n = 32, DS: n = 23, and TD: n = 42). The instruments used were the Parental Stress Index and the Resilience Scale. The ASD group obtained higher parental stress related to the child’s characteristics but not related to the parents’ characteristics. The three groups obtained moderate resilience, and high resilience was associated with low parental stress in the ASD and DS groups. The higher parental stress obtained in the ASD group, compared to the DS group, was not associated with aspects related to the parents or demographic and social factors of the families but rather with aspects related to the child and the characteristics of each disorder, as perceived by the parents.

scholarly journals ESTRÉS Y AFRONTAMIENTO EN FAMILIAS DE HIJOS CON TRASTORNO DE ESPECTRO AUTISTA

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mª Inmaculada Fernández Andrés ◽  
Gemma Pastor Cerezuela ◽  
Paula Botella Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Family Stress ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract.Research shows the relationship between having children with neurodevelopmental disorders and family stress. The Autism Spectrum Disorder or ASD has its own symptoms and a number of additional problems that give it a distinctive profile. These differences are reflected in the levels of stress shown by caregivers of children with the disorder. Coping is a reaction to behavioral and / or psychological stress, aimed at reducing the destructive stress attributes. Theories of stress and coping, as well as more specific models of family accommodation show how coping strategies have an important role in the outcome of adaptation. Consequently, depending on the type of coping strategies used by parents, the stress index will change. This study examines the relationship between family stress and coping strategies in parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder, caregivers, stress and coping.Resumen.STRESS AND COPING IN FAMILIES OF CHILDREN DIAGNOSED WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERDiversas investigaciones muestran la relación existente entre tener hijos con Trastornos del neurodesarrollo y el estrés familiar. El Trastorno del Espectro Autista o TEA tiene una sintomatología y una serie de problemas añadidos que le confieren un perfil característico que lo diferencia y aleja de otros trastornos similares. Estas diferencias se ponen de manifiesto en los niveles de estrés presentes en los cuidadores de niños con dicho trastorno. El afrontamiento es una reacción al estrés de tipo conductual y/o psicológico dirigido a reducir las cualidades destructivas del estrés. Las teorías de estrés y afrontamiento, así como los modelos más específicos de adaptación familiar muestran cómo las estrategias de afrontamiento tienen un importante papel en el resultado de adaptación. Así pues dependiendo del tipo de estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por los padres, el índice de estrés variará. Este estudio analiza la relación del estrés familiar y las estrategias de afrontamiento en los padres de niños con TEA.Palabras clave: Trastorno del Espectro Autista, cuidadores, estrés y estrategias de afrontamiento.

Are there anthropometric and body composition differences between children with autism spectrum disorder and children with typical development? Analysis by age and spectrum severity in a school population

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132098772
Author(s):  
Patricia Esteban-Figuerola ◽  
Paula Morales-Hidalgo ◽  
Victoria Arija-Val ◽  
Josefa Canals-Sans
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Waist Height Ratio

Overweight and obesity have been reported to be more prevalent in populations with autism spectrum disorder than in children with typical development. The aim of this study was to compare the anthropometric status of children with autism spectrum disorder (diagnosed and subclinical) and children with typical development and analyse which variables can affect the anthropometric and health status of children with autism spectrum disorder. We present a two-phase epidemiological study in a school population of two age groups which assesses autism spectrum disorder diagnosis, anthropometric data and bioelectrical impedance analysis. From an initial sample of 3,713 children, 79 with autism spectrum disorder, 42 with subclinical autism spectrum disorder and 350 with typical development participated in the study. Pre-schoolers with autism spectrum disorder were taller than pre-schoolers with typical development. School-age children with autism spectrum disorder showed a significantly higher body mass index and rate of overweight/obesity than children with typical development (63.4% vs 46.3%). No significant differences were found for bioelectrical impedance analysis, but school-age children with autism spectrum disorder showed a significantly higher waist circumference, waist/height ratio and cardiovascular risk than children with typical development. The quality of the diet was lower in children with autism spectrum disorder than in children with typical development. Multiple regression analyses showed that having autism spectrum disorder and internalizing psychological problems were associated with waist/height ratio and high cardiovascular risk in school-age children. Lay abstract This study makes a comparison between the growth status of pre-school and school-age children with autism spectrum disorder and typical development children. Pre-schoolers with autism spectrum disorder were taller than children with typical development. School-age children with autism spectrum disorder were more overweight/obese, had more body fat and a greater waist circumference and waist/height ratio than children with typical development. The presence of autism spectrum disorder and internalizing problems was associated with cardiovascular risk in school-age children.

scholarly journals Receptive Language in Primary-School-Aged Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-161
Author(s):  
D.S. Pereverzeva ◽  
U.A. Mamokhina ◽  
E.Yu. Davydova ◽  
A.A. Lopukhina ◽  
V.G. Arutiunian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Verbal Intelligence ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Autistic Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the receptive language, and the index of non-verbal intelligence and the level of severity of autistic disorders in primary-school-aged children with Autism spectrum disorder. One of the main areas influenced by autistic disorders is communication. Therefore, the study of the language abilities of such children and factors that affect them provides a better approach to the therapy and education. The sample included 50 children aged 7–11 years diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. Children were tested using the KORABLIK method (basic linguistic skills), the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC-II) or the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children ― Third Edition (WISC-III) (non-verbal intelligence), the Autism Diagnosis Observation Schedule ― Second Edition (ADOS-II) (autistic traits). The results support the hypothesis of the relationship between receptive language skills, the index of non-verbal intelligence, and symptoms of autism. The severity of autistic traits is negatively associated with some phonological and lexical levels of the receptive speech, as well as with understanding of discourse. The non-verbal intelligence index is positively associated with speech comprehension at all levels. A specific feature of receptive language in children with Autism spectrum disorder aged 7–11 years is the uneven development, which is associated with the severity of autistic traits and is not associated with the intelligence level.

scholarly journals Psychological Stress Among Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Down Syndrome in the City of Kufra

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Mansour Mohammed Ali Bopaeda
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The City

Having a baby is a huge responsibility. It often happens that mothers, especially when they are having their first baby, feel stressed and incompetent in their role as mothers even as their children normally grows. The purpose of this article is to identify the general features of psychological stress among mothers of autism spectrum disorder and Down syndrome and to identify the differences and relationship in psychological stress between mothers of autism and down syndrome. In this study participated a group of mothers with children who have autism (n = 44) and mothers of children with Down syndrome (n = 44). The findings made proved that the general features of psychological stress are high Among mothers of autistic children, while it was low among mothers of Down syndrome, there were also statistically significant differences in the level of psychological stress between mothers of autism and Down syndrome, and a correlation was found between mothers of autism and Down syndrome at the level of significance (0.01).

Hair Cortisol and Self-Injurious Behavior Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
Andrea B. Courtemanche ◽  
William R. Black ◽  
Jerrold S. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Parent Ratings ◽  
Hair Cortisol ◽  
Hpa Axis Activity ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Elevated salivary cortisol levels have been documented in individuals who engage in self-injurious behavior (SIB), indicating acute physiological stress. Less is known about the chronicity of stress and SIB. We analyzed the relationship between parent ratings of problem behavior and hair cortisol concentrations (an index of chronic adrenocortical activity) in 23 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Parent ratings of problem behavior were not significantly correlated with hair cortisol concentrations. When children were categorized into groups based on the frequency and severity of SIB, participants with the greatest frequency and severity of SIB had higher hair cortisol concentrations compared to children without SIB. Frequent and severe SIB may be associated with altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity in children with ASD.

Effect of a Two-Caregiver-Mediated, Occupation-Centered Intervention for a Family With a Toddler With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 7512515297p1-7512515297p1
Author(s):  
Abigail M. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Young Children With Autism ◽  
Coaching Approach ◽  
Primary Author

Abstract Date Presented 04/13/21 Because of the key role parenting plays in a child's development, parent-mediated interventions that train one parent are a common approach to intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, this approach has resulted in mixed findings and may lead to increased parental stress. The purpose of this study was to examine whether a two-parent occupation-centered intervention using a coaching approach improved the quality of social interactions of a family with a toddler with ASD. Primary Author and Speaker: Abigail M. Carroll Contributing Authors: Emily Anderson, Lindsey Hatton, Mary Ferarro, Elyse C. Kelly, Katherine E. Schlager, Amanda Shea, and Kerianne Watlington

Comparing sleep patterns between children with autism spectrum disorder and children with typical development: A matched case–control study

Autism ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 2298-2303
Author(s):  
Andy CY Tse ◽  
CCW Yu ◽  
Paul H Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Matched Case

Children with autism spectrum disorder are often reported to have more sleep deficits and poorer sleep quality compared with children with typical development. However, most previous studies have serious methodological limitations, such as varying sample sizes in the comparison groups, wide age range of participants, and body mass index not matched between participants. This study investigated whether sleep patterns differed between children with autism spectrum disorder and those with typical development using a carefully matched case–control design and incorporating both actigraphy and sleep log assessments. A total of 78 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder were matched with 78 typical development controls in this study. The matched variables included age, gender, and body mass index. The results showed that children with autism spectrum disorder had shorter sleep duration, reduced sleep efficiency, longer sleep-onset latency, and longer wake after sleep onset than children with typical development ( ps < 0.05). Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying these sleep deficits in children with autism spectrum disorder. Lay abstract This study compared the sleep pattern between children with autism spectrum disorders and children with typical development using a matched case–control design (matched age, gender, and body mass index). Significant differences were found in night-time sleep duration (total amount of sleep at night), sleep efficiency (percentage of time spent asleep), sleep-onset latency (length of time that it takes to transit from awake to asleep), and wake after sleep onset (total amount of time spent awake after defined sleep onset). Findings showed that children with autism spectrum disorder had poorer sleep quality than children with typical development. Mechanisms underlying the differences should be further explored in order to develop an effective treatment intervention.

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