Anxiety Profile of PWD and Caregiver During COVID-19 Pandemic in ALZI Surabaya Community, Indonesia

The consequence of COVID-19 pandemic conditions in vulnerable groups such as Patients with Dementia (PWD) and their caregivers are required to be urgently addressed. This study was conducted to collect data on PWD and caregiver characteristics, also concluding the profile of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Alzi Surabaya Community. This research is an observational descriptive cross-sectional study using the Beck Anxiety Inventory and Rating Anxiety in Dementia questionnaire to apprehend the profile of anxiety in PWD and caregivers in the Alzi Surabaya Community during the COVID-19 pandemic. PWD in this community experience significant anxiety (82.35%) with symptoms such as sleep disturbance (100%) worry over trifles (92.85%), complaints of headache and body aches or pains (92.85%) also sweating, flushes or chills, tingling or numbness of extremities (42.85%) and insignificant anxiety (17.65%) with symptoms such as fatigue and tiredness (100%), worry about physical health (66.57%), irritability (66.57%), heart racing or thumping (33.33%). Caregivers of PWD in this community all experience low anxiety with symptoms such as fear of something worst happening (80%), unable to relax (65%), indigestion and dizziness or lightheadedness (55%). Intervention, in order to reduce anxiety in PWD and caregiver during and post-pandemic, is substantial as establishing a good quality of life is important for PWD to increase fulfilment in life and also important for caregivers in order to maintain quality of care.

Critique of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists Psychedelic Therapy Clinical Memorandum, Dated May 2020

Objective: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) has positioned itself against medically controlled patient access (at this current time) to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and psilocybin-assisted therapies in its Therapeutic Use of Psychedelic Substances Clinical Memorandum, May 2020. The main reason given by the RANZCP for its stance is safety concerns. Methods: Every reference in the clinical memorandum (CM) was checked against the original publications used by RANZCP to justify its position. In addition, the search engines Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Therapies (MAPS) website, the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) website, relevant Australian and New Zealand legislation were searched for pertinent and up-to-date- information. Results: There is no scientific or medical evidence from the last 70 years to suggest that either psilocybin or MDMA, when administered as an adjutant to therapy in a controlled clinical setting, are linked to either mental illness or negative health outcomes. On the contrary, MDMA and psilocybin have been shown to be safe, non-toxic, non-addictive, and efficacious when administered in a medically-controlled clinical environment. All associated risks are apparent in an uncontrolled setting. Conclusion: The RANZCP’s position is based on outdated, irrelevant, misinterpreted, and misinformed evidence. With the recent positive media coverage of the efficacy of these medicines when used as an adjunct to therapy, there is an intrinsic risk of self-medication or underground therapy. This means that any medical discussion must also purvey the ethical responsibilities and social duties associated with these substances.

Correlation Between Duration of Hemodialysis and Depression in Chronic Kidney Disease

Depression is commonly found in stage 5 CKD patients. However, depression in HD patients is usually neglected, underdiagnosed, and remains untreated. Duration of HD is reported to be significantly correlated with depression. Previously, there were several similar studies with varying results. This study is needed to detect depression and give early intervention to reduce hospitalization rates and patient mortality. This study aims to find the correlation between the duration of hemodialysis and depression in CKD patients. A cross-sectional was carried out on 52 patients with CKD undergoing HD in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital using consecutive sampling. Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) questionnaire was used to measure the depression score. Data were analyzed with the Pearson correlation test. This study showed a significant negative correlation between the duration of hemodialysis and depression (p =0.005, p > 0,05; r= -0.094). Duration of hemodialysis was significantly correlated with depression. The longer duration of hemodialysis, the lower score of depression. Periodic evaluation of HD patients for depression is needed for early intervention to reduce morbidity.

Number of Bleeding, Placenta Remaining, and Episiotomy Actions on the Incidence of Puerperal Sepsis

It is estimated that 60% of maternal mortality resulting from gestation happened right after giving birth, and 50% of puerperium deaths happened in the first 24 hours. This research aims to know the relation between the amount of bleeding, remaining placenta, and the act of episiotomy to puerperal sepsis cases. This research uses analytical description methods with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this research was the postpartum mothers in puerperal sepsis cases in October – December 2017 at RSAB Harapan Kita Jakarta Barat counted 85 persons. The sampling method used in this research is an accidental sampling method with 32 respondents. The Instruments of this research are medical records and questionnaires with the chi-square analysis method. This research data analysis has the quality of univariate and bivariate, which means knowing about the relation between the amount of bleeding, remaining placenta, and the act of episiotomy to puerperal sepsis cases. This research shows a relation between the amount of bleeding with a p-value (0,035) and OR (7,200). There is a relation between remained placenta variable with a p-value (0,035) and OR (7,200). There is no relation in the act of episiotomy variable with p-value (0,142) and OR (3,500) to puerperal sepsis cases. The researcher suggests RSAB Harapan Kita increase the quality of their health services, mainly socialize information and give education for maternity women about various birth complications, such as bleeding and remaining placenta and sepsis puerperalis's risks.

The Effect of Aerobic Exercise against D-galactose and AlCl3-induced Hepatosteatosis in Mus Musculus C57BL/6J

In the 21st century, sedentary habits and consumption of caramelized food packed in aluminium foil made the oxidative state on the body. There are differences in opinions about aerobic exercise and its effects on inflammation and oxidative stress. This research aims to compare the liver histologic pattern between the group which was given aerobic exercise and not given after being induced with D-galactose and AlCl3. .: This research used an experimental method using two groups of Mus musculus C57BL/ which was injected with D-galactose (90 mg/kg body weight) and AlCl3 (40 mg/kg body weight). The control group was only injected with those substances. The aerobic group was intervened with swimming for 30 minutes each day (6 days a week). After being sacrificed, HE staining was done in the liver specimens to evaluate the bile duct proliferation and steatosis changes. There were significant differences in biliary duct proliferation (p = 0.043) and steatosis changes (p = 0.043) in an aerobic group compared to the control group. Aerobic exercise which was conducted 30 minutes for 6 days a week showed more bile duct proliferation and increased steatosis changes.

Asthma in Morocco: Retrospective Analysis of Case Characteristics reported by Hospital Units

Asthma is a serious public health problem. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of asthma cases reported by Agadir's Souss-Massa Regional Hospital Center (SMRHC). A retrospective analysis was carried out at the SMRHC's pneumology and paediatrics departments in 2019. As data support, reporting records and a data collection worksheet were used. This year, 141 cases were reported. The highest frequencies were observed in February (21.9%) and April (26.6%). Both males and females were affected (sex ratio Male/Female = 0.98). The asthmatics were, on average 40.7 ± 25.1 years old. The majority of the cases are from areas that are easily accessible for medical consultation at the SMRHC. To obtain more accurate knowledge and contribute to the research, related studies should be undertaken on this topic. Our findings, we hope, will act as a foundation for future research into improving the case registration system (digital support) and upgrading patient data in accordance with WHO and GINA guidelines.

Epidemiological Study of Road Traffic Accidents in Japan during 2010-2019

The study aimed to determine epidemiological characteristics of road traffic accidents in Japan during the year 2010-2019. A cross-sectional descriptive study depended on a retrospective analysis of road traffic accident data that were obtained from the National Police Agency (NPA) for the years 2010 – 2019 in Japan. The relationship of road traffic accident consequences as dependent variables with age, road user type, helmet, and seatbelt use as independent variables during the studied years was analyzed with Chi-square test. The case fatality rate has been declining every year from 3.88 in 2010 to 2.54 per 100,000 persons. More than half of fatality cases have occurred among the elderly. There was a statistically significant relationship between road user type and accident severities. 36.21% fatality occurred in pedestrians. Otherwise, 27.61% of motor vehicle occupants were dominant in serious injury cases and 66.87% in slight injury cases. Most of the casualties revealed for fatality cases were in the head, whereas the leg part was dominant in serious injury cases and the neck region was raised in slight injuries. There was a significant relationship between the use of helmets and seat belt use with casualties of road traffic accidents. There was a declined trend of road traffic accidents in Japan during 10 years of study. The result of the epidemiological study could be a valid consideration for the design of road safety policy in the future.

Community Perceptions with TB Friendly Readiness during the Covid-19 Period: Lessons Learned from Depok, West Java, Indonesia

Tuberculosis (TB) friendly area will reduce society's stigmatization and increase adherence to treatment for TB patients. The encouragement of the surrounding environment can motivate patients to recover, and it can realize the goals of the SDGs and the Indonesian government to eliminate TB. The government's commitment is needed to build governance in developing TB-friendly areas. The study aimed to Know the community's perception of TB-friendly readiness during the COVID-19 period. The method employed was explanatory research with quantitative method; An online survey was conducted on 230 respondents from the general public from various provinces and 40 TB sufferers in the city of Depok to describe the frequency distribution of respondents' perceptions of knowledge, attitudes, behavior, prevention, and development of TB-friendly villages. The results revealed that Overall (100%) of the respondents had good knowledge about TB, but attitudes (50.9%) and behavior (41.3%) towards TB prevention were still poor. Observations showed that the occupancy of TB patients in densely populated areas still lacked ventilation and lighting. In conclusion, Depok City is not ready for human resources and organizational culture in developing TB-friendly sites. The synergy of communication, coordination, and community involvement is an essential pillar in developing TB-friendly villages. Improved communication, information, and education (IEC) for changes in people's positive attitudes and behavior towards TB prevention.

Pleiotropic Effects of MicroRNA in Health and Disease

MiRNAs are small, 19-25 nucleotides long strands of RNA that are non-coding and control the effects of messenger RNA. With more than 30.000 miRNAs, their roles are extensive. Since their discovery, it has been demonstrated that they are key elements in many important cellular functions, such as homeostasis, metabolism, development, and senescence. Due to rapid scientific progress, the role of miRNAs and the impact of their dysregulation on major human pathologies are being progressively recognized. Increasing evidence suggests their importance in medicine as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy responsiveness, as well as potential therapeutic targets, making them potentially useful tools for clinical practice. This paper aims to review some of the most important and newest miRNAs interrelation with cardiovascular, neurological, renal, autoimmune, hepatic, infectious diseases, and cancer.

The Stroke Knowledge Assessment Tool (SKAT): Development, Reliability and Validity

The purpose of the study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of a stroke knowledge assessment tool based on a mixed-methods approach and a synthesis of the relevant literature on stroke. The content of the tool was predominantly developed by the findings from a qualitative study involving ten stroke patients who had been admitted to a state hospital due to a stroke during the previous 2 years. The other source for tool construction was the information that emerged from an extensive literature review. The resulting online questionnaire was divided into three main sections namely i) demographics ii) stroke knowledge and iii) stroke response. A 5-point Likert scale was chosen to answer each question in Sections B and C, which facilitates the analysis process using descriptive and inference statistics. The tool was subjected to psychometric testing with promising results. The use of a standard tool, such as SKAT, which is the one presented in this paper, presents health professionals, who are in a prime position to gauge healthcare educational needs, with the means to assess stroke knowledge and carry out interesting uniform comparisons between different geographical and ethnical populations. The targeted audience for the use of this tool is a). The general population and/or b). A population where stroke knowledge enhancement is being planned. SKAT can then inform educational and awareness needs.