Inflammation of a Posterior Ciliary Artery in a Naive Cynomolgus Macaque

2020 ◽  
pp. 019262332095233
Author(s):  
Steven T. Laing ◽  
Marie M. Bockenstedt ◽  
Helen S. Booler
Keyword(s):  
Test Item ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaque ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Affected Animal ◽  
Posterior Ciliary Artery ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaques ◽  
Ciliary Artery

This brief communication describes a previously unreported background lesion in the eye of a naive cynomolgus macaque. Inflammation of a posterior ciliary artery was, in this case, morphologically similar to vascular inflammation of other tissues described in naive cynomolgus macaques. However, the available literature does not describe this lesion at this anatomical site. The affected animal did not present with any abnormal clinical signs and ophthalmological examinations were within normal limits. Toxicologic pathologists should be aware of this finding in order to help differentiate it from a test item–related finding.

scholarly journals Analysis of conserved miRNAs in cynomolgus macaque genome using small RNA sequencing and homology searching

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9347
Author(s):  
Xia Huang ◽  
Shijia Li ◽  
Xiaoming Liu ◽  
Shuting Huang ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Mirna Gene ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaque ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Homology Searching ◽  
Macaque Genome ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaques ◽  
Mirna Clusters

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators that fine-tune diverse cellular activities. Cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are used extensively in biomedical and pharmaceutical research; however, substantially fewer miRNAs have been identified in this species than in humans. Consequently, we investigated conserved miRNA profiles in cynomolgus macaques by homology searching and small RNA sequencing. In total, 1,455 high-confidence miRNA gene loci were identified, 408 of which were also confirmed by RNA sequencing, including 73 new miRNA loci reported in cynomolgus macaques for the first time. Comparing miRNA expression with age, we found a positive correlation between sequence conservation and expression levels during miRNA evolution. Additionally, we found that the miRNA gene locations in cynomolgus macaque genome were very flexible. Most were embedded in intergenic spaces or introns and clustered together. Several miRNAs were found in certain gene locations, including 64 exon-resident miRNAs, six splice-site-overlapping miRNAs (SO-miRNAs), and two pairs of distinct mirror miRNAs. We also identified 78 miRNA clusters, 68 of which were conserved in the human genome, including 10 large miRNA clusters predicted to regulate diverse developmental and cellular processes in cynomolgus macaque. Thus, this study not only expands the number of identified miRNAs in cynomolgus macaques but also provides clues for future research on the differences in miRNA repertoire between macaques and humans.

scholarly journals Posterior Ciliary Artery Occlusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohan Singh Hayreh
Keyword(s):  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Posterior Ciliary Artery ◽  
Ciliary Artery

Manifestations of cardiovascular toxicity associated with the approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 14152-14152
Author(s):  
S. L. Verbois ◽  
H. Saber ◽  
K. A. Benson ◽  
D. E. Morse ◽  
R. Justice
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Adverse Event Reporting System ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Adverse Event Reporting ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Patient Reports

14152 Background: Since 2001, 5 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKi’s; imatinib, erlotinib, sorafenib, sunitinib and dasatinib) have been approved for hematologic and solid tumor indications including, CML, ALL, GIST, RCC, pancreatic and NSCLC. While individual agents are designed to inhibit the TK activity of specific targets, “cross-talk” with non-target TKs (e.g., ABL, EGFR, VEGFRs, KIT, KDR, CSF1R, PDGFRs, RET, the SRC family, EPHA2, RAF, and FLT3) is extensive. The relationship between inhibition of individual kinases and the toxicity profile of each drug is unclear. Methods: Following from the observation of cardiovascular (CV) toxicity in clinical settings (pre- and post- marketing) and from the original non-clinical toxicologic evaluations, a new “class-related” review of non-clinical toxicological findings was conducted. To compare the non-clinical and clinical CV findings, the Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) was searched for all events, excluding those of non-CV nature and those unlikely to be drug-related (e.g. hemorrhagic events were excluded from the initial analyses). Individual patient reports were not reviewed in full, therefore definitive attribution of disease related events can not be made. Results: While variable in expression, the non-clinical signs of toxicity included cardiac and vascular inflammation, cardiac degeneration and hypertrophy, decreased cardiac function (e.g. LVEF decreases), alterations in blood pressure, and QT prolongation. Clinical reports for the TKi’s have included hypo- and hypertension, conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias, cardiac hypertrophy and changes in cardiac function (LVEF and CHF). Conclusions: It is not possible at this time to relate the CV toxicities associated with the TKi’s to a specific pattern of TK inhibition. CV toxicity has been observed both clinically and non-clinically and warrants further investigation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Adrenergic and nitrergic neurotransmitters are released by the autonomic system of the pig long posterior ciliary artery

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 907-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Er-Ning Su ◽  
Valerie A. Alder ◽  
Dao-Yi Yu ◽  
Stephen J. Cringle
Keyword(s):  
Autonomic System ◽  
Posterior Ciliary Artery ◽  
Ciliary Artery
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