scholarly journals An Overview of Human Arterial Pathology

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1_part_2) ◽  
pp. 219-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh A. Mcallister
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Peripheral Arteries ◽  
Dissecting Aneurysms ◽  
Morphologic Changes

In this manuscript the pathology of human arterial disease, including diseases of the aorta, coronary arteries, and peripheral arteries, is reviewed. Common atherosclerotic-related lesions and varied forms of aortitis, arteritis, and dissecting aneurysms are described in terms of their gross and microscopic characteristics. In addition, rarer occurrences, such as congenital hypoplasia of the arteries, are mentioned. Finally, morphologic changes in blood vessels that have been affected by drugs or toxins are summarized.

THE EFFECT OF CORTISONE ON CARDIOVASCULAR SCLEROSIS INDUCED IN RATS WITH CHOLESTEROL AND VITAMIN D

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXV (I) ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
T. P. J. Vanha-Perttula ◽  
E. K. Näätänen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Fiber Structure ◽  
Extensive Area ◽  
The Media ◽  
Dissecting Aneurysms

ABSTRACT The authors have studied the effect of cortisone on rats fed 3.5 % cholesterol and 0.01 % vitamin D3, together or separately as part of the regular diet for a period of 100 days. The dose of cortisone was at first 2.5 mg but was reduced after thirty days to 1 mg/day. Particular attention was paid both macroscopically and histologically to any changes observed in the cardiovascular system. The study showed that, when administered alone cortisone in the doses used is not capable of inducing any changes characteristic of sclerosis in the walls of the arteries or in the heart. When cholesterol had been added to the diet, it was noted that after some time slight degenerative changes occurred in the elastic fiber structure of the aorta among both the female and male rats. The feeding of cholesterol alone had not led to changes in the walls of the blood vessels in previously performed experiments. The addition of large doses of vitamin D3 to the basic diet however caused a massive Mönckeberg-type mediasclerosis. With the addition of cortisone, these changes developed more rapidly and spread over a more extensive area. The mediasclerosis was then also accompanied by local, reactive proliferative formations in the intima, subendocardial fibrosis, necrosis and calcification of the myocardium. In the coronary arteries, accumulation of calcium in the media, occlusions and thromboses were found. Cartilaginous metaplasia and dissecting aneurysms were observed in the aorta.

Association of Variables of Coagulation, Fibrinolysis and Acute-phase with Atherosclerosis in Coronary and Peripheral Arteries and those Arteries Supplying the Brain

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (03) ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Heinrich ◽  
Helmut Schulte ◽  
Rainer Schönfeld ◽  
Ekkehart Köhler ◽  
Gerd Assmann
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Peripheral Arteries ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
The Brain ◽  
D Dimer

SummaryWe investigated the vessel status of coronary and peripheral arteries and those arteries supplying the brain in 929 consecutive male patients admitted to a coronary rehabilitation unit. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was scored using coronary angiography. Changes in extracranial brain vessels and manifest cerebrovascular disease (CVD) were determined by B-mode ultrasound and Doppler examination. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) was diagnosed using base-line and stress oscillography. We assessed variables of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and the acute phase response.There was a significant increase in plasma fibrinogen, plasminogen, d-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) with increasing severity of coronary heart disease. Compared to men with unaffected arteries, men with 3 diseased coronary arteries had 58% greater d-dimer concentrations. Patients with CVD and PAD, respectively, also had significantly higher fibrinogen, d-dimer and CRP concentrations. We did not find an association between plasminogen activator inhibitor activity and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis.In conclusion, plasma fibrinogen, d-dimer and CRP concentrations were significantly related to atherosclerosis in the coronary, peripheral and extracranial brain arteries.

Morphologic changes induced by acetylcholine infusion in normal and atherosclerotic coronary arteries

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (16) ◽  
pp. 1382-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloisa Arbustini ◽  
Maurizia Grasso ◽  
Marta Diegoli ◽  
Ornella Bellini ◽  
Stefano Ghio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Morphologic Changes

IV. Postscript to a paper “On the ganglia and nerves of the heart.”

1849 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 47-48
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Posterior Surface ◽  
Anterior Surface ◽  
Entire Surface ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Nervous Structure

Since the communication above referred to was presented to the Royal Society, I have made a very minute dissection in alcohol of the whole nervous system of the young heifer’s heart. The distribution of the ganglia and nerves over the entire surface of the heart, and the relations of these structures to the blood-vessels and muscular substance, are far more fully displayed in these preparations than in any of my former dissections. On the anterior surface, there are distinctly visible to the naked eye ninety ganglia or ganglionic enlargements on the nerves, which pass obliquely across the arteries and the muscular fibres of the ventricles from their base to the apex. These ganglionic enlargements are observed on the nerves, not only where they are crossing the arteries, but where they are ramifying on the muscular substance without the blood-vessels. On the posterior surface, the principal branches of the coronary arteries plunge into the muscular substance of the heart near the base, and many nerves with ganglia accompany them throughout the walls to the lining membrane and columnse carneæ. From the sudden disappearance of the chief branches of the coronary arteries on the posterior surface, the nervous structure distributed over a consider­ able portion of the left ventricle is completely isolated from the blood-vessels, and on these, numerous ganglionic enlargements are likewise observed, but smaller in size than the chains of ganglia formed over the blood-vessels on the anterior surface of the heart. In the accompanying beautiful drawings, Mr. West has depicted with the greatest accuracy and minuteness the whole nervous structures demon­strable in these preparations on the surface of the heart. But the ganglia and nerves represented in these drawings constitute only a small portion of the nervous system of the heart, numerous ganglia being formed in the walls of the heart which no artist can represent. It can be clearly demonstrated that every artery distributed throughout the walls of the Uterus and Heart, and every muscular fasciculus of these organs, is supplied with nerves upon which ganglia are formed.

scholarly journals Hybrid technologies in surgical treatment of patients with concomitant atherosclerotic lesions of carotid and coronary arteries

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Chernyavskiy ◽  
M. A. Chernyavskiy ◽  
T. Ye. Vinogradova ◽  
A. G. Yedemskiy
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Peripheral Arteries ◽  
Endovascular Techniques ◽  
Hybrid Procedures ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Hybrid Technologies ◽  
Revascularization Surgery

Cardiovascular diseases, which have their origins in atherosclerosis, are the "leaders" in morbidity and mortality among the population in many countries. Given the increase of elderly people in the population, it is important to choose the best strategy for surgical treatment of patients with combined atherosclerotic lesions of several arteries (coronary arteries, carotid arteries, peripheral arteries of the lower extremities, atherosclerosis visceral branches of the abdominal aorta). Currently, there is yet no common approach to the timing and sequence of revascularization surgery in this group of patients. The rapid development of endovascular techniques enables us to carry out the so-called hybrid procedures in patients with atherosclerotic lesions of several arteries. In this article we analyze different strategies that are used to manage patients with both coronary and carotid arteries atherosclerotic lesions.

C-W Ultrasound Evaluation of Chronic Peripheral Arterial Disease Treated by i. v. Brinase

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. FitzGerald ◽  
E. P. Frisch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Peripheral Arteries ◽  
Ultrasound Scanning ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation

Fortyfour patients with chronically obstructed peripheral arteries have been treated intravenously with brinase. Twentyfour of these patients had rest pain or gangrene (Stage III or IV) and 20 were claudicants (Stage II).Assessment before and after treatment was by clinical evaluation, blood pressure measurement in the limbs, and C-W ultrasound scanning of the peripheral arteries (Three arterial segments in each limb). Individual dosage requirement was decided by the level of brinase inhibitors in plasma. The more severely diseased patients were anti coagulated with Warfarin. The follow-up period from treatment extends from six months to three years.At the end of brinase treatment, good clinical improvement was obtained in 11/20 Stage IT, 10/12 Stage III, and 10/12 Stage IV. The arm-leg blood pressure gradient before treatment in Stage II was 88±41 mmHg, in Stage III 108±43 mmHg, and in Stage IV 129 ±45 mmHg. In patients responding to brinase treatment (27/44) a post-treatment gradient of 44±27 mmHg was recorded. In patients who failed to improve the higher gradient of 81 ±49 mmHg was retained.C-W ultrasound scanning of 228 arterial segments before treatment showed that 67 segments were occluded, 101 stenosed and 60 segments without significant lesions. Following treatment 19 segments remained occluded, 122 showed stenosis and 87 were without significant lesions. The post-treatment figures indicate a reduction in severity of arterial lesions.

An angiographic study of coronary arterial disease in children after heart transplantation

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Ladeia ◽  
Jérôme Le Bidois ◽  
Jean François Piéchaud ◽  
Jean Philippe Metzger ◽  
Pascal Vouhé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Transplantation ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Myocardial Bridging ◽  
Luminal Diameter ◽  
Coronary Arterial Disease ◽  
Coronary Angiograms

SummaryCoronary angiograms were analyzed in 29 children after heart transplantation. Age at transplantation was one month to 14 years (mean 4.5 years) with follow-up from five months to six years (mean 2.9 years). Immunosuppression was based on cyclosporine and azathioprine; six patients also received maintenance steroids. Coronary angiograms were obtained after giving an intracoronary arterial bolus of nitroglycerin to avoid spasm. Coronary angiograms showed stenoses, luminal irregularities, loss of luminal diameter and obliteration of branches, and one example of myocardial bridging. The review of angiographic recordings in some patients showed a loss of normal motion of coronary arteries which, instead, appeared rigid. No abnormalities were seen in eight patients (28%). Coronary arterial changes were present between six months and four years after transplantation in 15 patients (52%). Isolated loss of normal motion of the coronary arteries was present in six patients (20%). The separate analysis of 15 patients who underwent more than one coronary angiogram showed a progression of lesions in eight cases. Coronary arterial disease is a frequent complication of heart transplantation in children and there is a progression of lesions in a large proportion of patients. Since there is no satisfactory therapy for this complication, heart transplantation should be reserved for children having no other reasonable therapeutic option.

scholarly journals Use of the Stingray Re-Entry System in Two Complex Cases of Occluded Superficial Femoral Arteries

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Erin M. Galbraith ◽  
Marc Del Rosario ◽  
Khusrow Niazi
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Endovascular Techniques ◽  
Femoral Arteries ◽  
Endovascular Revascularization ◽  
Complex Cases

Totally occluded infrainguinal arterial disease presents formidable challenges to endovascular revascularization. A variety of devices have been made available to make the crossing of these lesions more amenable to endovascular techniques. We discuss the novel use of a device that has been developed for crossing occluded coronary arteries, the Stingray Re-Entry System.

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