Structural Change and its Impact on Industrial Relations

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
C S Venkata Ratnam
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Macroeconomic Policy ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

The National Seminar on Economic Changes, Employment and Industrial Relations focused on the impact of macroeconomic policy changes on employment and industrial relations in the short as well as in the long run. This background paper by C S Venkata Ratnam argues for the need to bring .about changes in labour policies in tune with the industrial policies.

scholarly journals Mobile Money Use: The Impact of Macroeconomic Policy and Regulation

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Lorna Katusiime
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Financial Innovation ◽  
Macroeconomic Policy ◽  
Mobile Money ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the effects of macroeconomic policy and regulatory environment on mobile money usage. Specifically, we develop an autoregressive distributed lag model to investigate the effect of key macroeconomic variables and mobile money tax on mobile money usage in Uganda. Using monthly data spanning the period March 2009 to September 2020, we find that in the short run, mobile money usage is positively affected by inflation while financial innovation, exchange rate, interest rates and mobile money tax negatively affect mobile money usage in Uganda. In the long run, mobile money usage is positively affected by economic activity, inflation and the COVID-19 pandemic crisis while mobile money customer balances, interest rate, exchange rate, financial innovation and mobile money tax negatively affect mobile money usage.

Reducing the Impact of Unemployment through Work-Sharing: Some Industrial Relations Considerations

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah M. Meltz ◽  
Frank Reid
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
National Level ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Work Sharing ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

The Canadian Government has introduced a work-sharing program in which lay offs are avoided by reducing the work week and using unemployment insurance funds to pay workers short-time compensation. Compared to the lay-off alternative, there appear to be economic benefits to work-sharing for both management and employees. Reaction to the scheme has been generally positive at the union local level and the firm level, but it has been negative at the national level of both labour and management. These divergent views can be explained mainly as a result of short-run versus long-run perspectives. Managers at the firm level see the immediate benefit of improved labour relations and the avoidance of the costs of hiring and training replacements for laid-off workers who do not respond when recalled. The national business leaders are more concerned with work incentive and efficiency aspects of work-sharing.

scholarly journals Expansions in Maternity Leave Coverage and Children's Long-Term Outcomes

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Dustmann ◽  
Uta Schönberg
Keyword(s):  
Return To Work ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
The Impact

This paper evaluates the impact of three major expansions in maternity leave coverage in Germany on children's long-run outcomes. To identify the causal impact of the reforms, we use a difference-indifference design that compares outcomes of children born shortly before and shortly after a change in maternity leave legislation in years of policy changes, and in years when no changes have taken place. We find no support for the hypothesis that the expansions in leave coverage improved children's outcomes, despite a strong impact on mothers' return to work behavior after childbirth. (JEL J13, J16, J22, J32)

scholarly journals The Role of Power Generation and Industrial Consumption Uncertainty in De-industrialising Pakistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (4I) ◽  
pp. 517-536
Author(s):  
Bushra Yasmin ◽  
Wajeeha Qamar
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Natural Outcome ◽  
Secular Decline ◽  
The Impact

The term deindustrialisation refers to the process of socio-economic changes taking place due to reduction in the industrial capacity and/or the loss of industrial potential of an economy. This also connotes the secular decline in the share of industrial sector employment as observed in developed countries since 1970s. The secular shift from manufacturing to services sector reflects the impact of discrepancy in productivity growth between the said sectors. A faster rise in productivity in manufacturing sector than in services switches the employment from manufacturing to the services sector, as suggested by Rowthorn and Ramaswamy (1997). Generally, deindustrialisation is considered as the natural outcome of economic development because it involves the transformation from primitive agriculture-based economy to the modern industrial-based. After the establishment of manufacturing sector, the long-run economic growth stimulates an innovation-based economy implying the services sector’s growth [Galor (2005)]. However, the process requires a gradual shift accompanied by allied institutional and infrastructural reforms and the process of deindustrialisation occurs at the later stage of development.

scholarly journals An Empirical Examination of the Impact of Economic Structural Change on Income Inequality: Dynamic Heterogeneous Panel Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Maha Elhini ◽  
Rasha Hammam
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

This paper employs structural growth perspective to the analysis of income inequality in 43 countries over the period 2003-2017.The study utilizes two different panel estimation techniques. First, the panel least squares regression examines the relevance of Kuznets effect of the different economic sectors; agriculture, manufacturing and services on income inequality. Second, the pooled mean group (PMG) estimation of dynamic heterogeneous panels gauges the long run impact of the change in sectoral value added as a proxy for structural change on inequality. PMG presents short run adjustments to be country-specific due to the widely different impacts of macroeconomic conditions and vulnerability of each country to income inequality. Empirical findings show that across all countries, sector growth had no to negligible impact on inequality indicating that no signs are evident of Kuznets effect. However, both inflation and unemployment have mixed impacts on inequality in Lower and Middle-Income countries. Results further reveal that unemployment has a relatively stronger influence on inequality than inflation for Upper-middle income countries, unlike in Lower-middle income countries, where unemployment shows a weaker correlation with inequality than inflation. Results for High-income countries show that the influence between inflation and unemployment are not as big as in Upper middle-income countries.

Impact of FDI Restrictions on Inward FDI in OECD Countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1850265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madanmohan Ghosh ◽  
Peter Syntetos ◽  
Weimin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
National Development ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

Attracting FDI has become an integral part of the national development strategies in many economies, as it is generally believed that the benefits from foreign direct investment (FDI) outweigh its drawbacks. The UNCTAD in its World Investment Report (2006) highlights that there were 205 FDI related policy changes across the world in 2005, and most of these changes made conditions more favourable for foreign companies to enter and operate. However, FDI is still far less liberalized than trade in goods and services. Recent studies undertaken at the OECD show that although declined significantly since 1980s, barriers to inward FDI are still widespread in OECD countries. This paper explores the impact of FDI restrictions on inward FDI stocks using panel time series (1981-2004) data for 23 OECD countries. Our empirical results show that FDI restrictions do have significant impact on inward FDI stocks. The estimated short-run elasticity of inward FDI stocks with respect to FDI restrictions is in the range between –0.06 to –0.14, and the corresponding long-run elasticity is in the range between –0.64 to –1.49. This implies that by reducing barriers to FDI, countries such as Canada can significantly increase their level of inward FDI stocks.

Disentangling the transformation of the German model: The role of firms’ strategic decisions and structural change

2021 ◽  
pp. 102452942110154
Author(s):  
Daniel Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Wage Bargaining ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
German Model ◽  
Atypical Employment ◽  
Iab Establishment Panel ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Impact

This paper explores the transformation of the German employment and industrial relations model from a political economy approach. Using the IAB Establishment Panel, the evolution of atypical employment and the coverage of the dual system of industrial relations is analysed in different groups of firms. Additionally, using a shift-share technique, we estimate the impact of the change in the employment structure on this process. The results reveal that once institutional constraints were relaxed, firms across the whole economy increased their use of flexible work and individualized the wage bargaining. Moreover, our findings suggest that structural change played a minor role in the process.

Structural change and economic growth in selected emerging economies

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamed Zulkhibri ◽  
Ismaeel Naiya ◽  
Reza Ghazal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Panel Cointegration ◽  
Growth Equation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Equilibrium Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Long Run Equilibrium

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the relationship between structural change and economic growth for a panel of four developing countries, namely, Malaysia, Nigeria, Turkey and Indonesia over 1960-2010. Design/methodology/approach – The study extent the growth equation by incorporating degree of openness, labour and investment and construct structural change indices – modified Lilien index and the norm of absolute values. It utilizes the recently developed panel cointegration techniques to test and estimate the long-run equilibrium of the growth equation. Findings – The results confirm that structural change and economic growth are cointegrated at the panel level, indicating the presence of long-run equilibrium relationship. However, the impact of structural change on economic growth seems to be small and evolve slowly. Originality/value – The findings indicate the need for policymakers to identify the binding constraints that impede growth and the importance of institutionalize policy to encourage investment in productive sectors.

The long-run stability of a small, open economy under crawling peg regime

2002 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
S. Çiftçioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Risk Premium ◽  
Small Open Economy ◽  
Exchange Rate Policy ◽  
Price Stability ◽  
Output Stability ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
The Impact

The paper analyses the long-run (steady-state) output and price stability of a small, open economy which adopts a “crawling-peg” type of exchange-rate regime in the presence of various kinds of random shocks. Analytical and simulation results suggest that with the exception of money demand shocks, an exchange rate policy which involves a relatively higher rate of indexation of the exchange rate to price level is likely to lead to the worsening of price stability for all types of shocks. On the other hand, the impact of adopting such a policy on output stability depends on the type of the shock; for policy shocks to the exchange rate and shocks to output demand, output stability is worsened whereas for the shocks to risk premium of domestic assets, supply price of domestic output and the wage rate, better output stability is achieved in the long run.

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