Lust, Marriage and Free Will: Jesuit Critique of Paganism in South India (Seventeenth Century)

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines G. Županov
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Free Will ◽  
South India

Elisabeth of Bohemia (1618–80)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Happy Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
Body Interaction

Elisabeth of Bohemia, Princess Palatine, exerted an influence on seventeenth-century Cartesianism via her correspondence with Descartes. She questioned his accounts of mind–body interaction and free will, and persuasively argued that certain facts of embodiment, the unlucky fate of loved ones, and the demands of the public good, constitute serious challenges to Descartes’ neo-Stoic view of the happy life of the autonomous will.

Religious Gifting and Inland Commerce in Seventeenth-Century South India

1987 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
David West Rudner
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
South India ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
South Indian ◽  
European Trade ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Commercial Expansion ◽  
Transactional Models

AbstractsMost accounts of South Indian commerce in the seventeenth century depend on European documents and focus on Indo-European trade along the Malabar and Coromandel coasts. This article makes use of indigenous documents to analyze the way a caste of itinerant salt traders, the Nakarattars, combined worship and commerce in the interior of Tamil-speaking South India. It focuses on Nakarattar activities in the seventeenth century before they had achieved power under their better-known name, Nattukottai Chettiars, and at a time when their commercial expansion was just getting under way and when the close association of this expansion with rituals of religious gifting was already apparent. The two main purposes of the article are to illuminate the ritual dimension of commercial activity in precolonial South India and to enrich current transactional models of the relationship between temples and small groups in South India by incorporating a mercantile perspective.

Kṣētrayya: The making of a Telugu poet

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshita Mruthinti Kamath
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
South India ◽  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Historical Figure ◽  
The Village ◽  
Hindu Deity

Kṣētrayya is the attributed author of Telugu padams (short lyrical poems) dedicated to Muvva Gōpāla, a form of the Hindu deity Kṛṣṇa. Kṣētrayya is commonly described as a peripatetic poet from the village of Muvva in Telugu-speaking South India who wandered south to the Nāyaka courts of Tanjavur in the seventeenth century. Contrary to popular and scholarly assumptions about this poet, this article argues that Kṣētrayya was not a historical figure, but rather, a literary persona constructed into a Telugu bhakti poet-saint through the course of three centuries of literary reform. A close reading of selected padams attributed to Kṣētrayya reveals the uniquely tangible world of female sexuality painted by the speakers of these poems. However, these padams became sanitized through the course of colonial and post-colonial anti-nautch and Telugu literary reform. In line with this transformation, the hagiography of the poet Kṣētrayya was carefully molded to fit a prefabricated typology of a Telugu bhakti poet-saint. Countering the longstanding narrative of solo male authorship, the article raises the possibility that these padams were composed by multiple authors, including vēśyas (courtesans).

Socinianism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Free Will ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Original Sin ◽  
Religious Toleration ◽  
Church Authority ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
Immortality Of The Soul ◽  
The Trinity

Socinianism was both the name for a sixteenth- and seventeenth-century theological movement which was a forerunner of modern unitarianism, and, much less precisely, a polemic term of abuse suggesting positions in common with that ‘heretical’ movement. Socinianism was explicitly undogmatic but centred on disbelief in the Trinity, original sin, the satisfaction, and the natural immortality of the soul. Some Socinians were materialists. Socinians focused on moralism and Christ’s prophetic role; the elevation of reason in interpreting Scripture against creeds, traditions and church authority; and support for religious toleration. The term was used polemically against many theorists, including Hugo Grotius, William Chillingworth, the Latitudinarians, and John Locke, who emphasized free will, moralism, the role and capacity of reason, and that Christianity included only a very few fundamental doctrines necessary for salvation.

1 The History of Arbitration in Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oda Hiroshi
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Commercial Arbitration ◽  
Bolshevik Revolution ◽  
History Of

This introductory chapter provides a background to arbitration in Russia. The history of arbitration in Russia can be traced back to the seventeenth century. In 1831, the Statute on Arbitration was enacted. In this Statute, there were two different systems of arbitration: statutory arbitration and voluntary arbitration. Statutory arbitration was not based upon the parties’ free will. This was a system in which parties were mandated to choose arbitration because of the overloaded court docket. Voluntary arbitration, on the other hand, was based upon the agreement of the parties. Statutory arbitration was abolished by the Great Judicial Reform of 1864 and only voluntary arbitration remained in the Rules of Civil Procedure. However, after the Bolshevik Revolution, all laws of the Tsarist regime, including the Rules on the Civil Procedure, were abolished. Nevertheless, the decree on the court No. 1 of 1917 accommodated arbitration as a means of settling civil law disputes. There was no commercial arbitration under socialism, except for two institutions attached to All-Union Chamber of Commerce and Industry. The chapter then looks at arbitration after the collapse of socialism. After decades of confusion, as an outcome of the 2015 Arbitral Reform, relevant laws were substantially amended and a licensing system was introduced for arbitral institutions.

Church and State in Seventeenth-Century Colonial Asia: Dutch-Parava Relations in Southeast India in a Comparative Perspective

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus P.M. Vink
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
South India ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Religious Policy ◽  
Territorial Jurisdiction ◽  
Spiritual Authority ◽  
Dutch Policy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Southeast India

AbstractThis article is a comparative study of the relationship between church and state in seventeenth-century colonial Asia in general and South India in particular. In an era when political and religious loyalties were deemed interchangeable, the division of temporal and spiritual authority over the Parava community along the Madurai coast between the Dutch and the Portuguese, respectively, stands out as a unique arrangement. By the end of the seventeenth century, an informal understanding was reached according to which Portuguese Jesuits would exercise religious authority even in areas under immediate Dutch jurisdiction, while the Calvinist Dutch would claim wordly authority over the Roman Catholic Paravas. The arrangement on the Madurai Coast is compared with Dutch policy vis-à-vis similar Indo-Portuguese Catholic communities in other Asian "conquests" where they exercised territorial jurisdiction, such as Maluku (the Moluccas), Batavia (Jakarta), and Melaka (Malacca). The Luso-Dutch accommodation in southeast India is also examined in light of English religious policy at Fort St. George, Madras (Chennai), towards local Indo-Portuguese groups. The understanding between the Protestant English and French Capuchins differed markedly from the working arrangement between the Dutch and the Portuguese Jesuits. This dual comparative framework merely serves to emphasize the singularity of the "Madurai solution."

Cosmopolitanism and Imagination in Nayaka South India

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos Gommans
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
State Formation ◽  
South India ◽  
Cotton Textile ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Johan Huizinga ◽  
Indian Ocean World

Abstract Questions arising from the so-called Brooklyn kalamkari, a seven-panel, hand-painted cotton textile, have confronted art historians for decades: what do we see, who produced it for whom, what does it mean? With royal court scenes from all over the Indian Ocean world, the Brooklyn kalamkari represents a uniquely cosmopolitan worldview from early-seventeenth-century South India. In this essay I discuss the makings of this particular worldview in the context of early modern processes of globalization and state-formation. By engaging with the work of Indologists Johan Huizinga, Jan Heesterman, and David Shulman on Indian kingship and theater, I then attempt to decode the local and the global, as well as the seen and unseen, meaning of this textile.

Leaving Kashi: Sanskrit knowledge and cultures of consumption in eighteenth-century South India

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-581
Author(s):  
Anand Venkatkrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
South India ◽  
Elite Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Intellectual Context ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
To Receive

Recent studies of scholarly life in early modern India have concentrated on the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. My essay has two aims: to push this study into the long eighteenth century, and to contextualise the new configurations of Sanskrit scholarship in the movement of people between Banaras and Thanjavur, theorised here as centres of gravity and of levity, respectively. Towards the end of the seventeenth century, the Maharashtrian scholar Raghunātha Gaṇeśa Navahasta moved from his post as temple priest at Chāphaḷ, in the Sātārā district, down south to Thanjavur, to receive the patronage of Queen Dīpābāī. At the behest of the queen, Raghunātha began writing in Marathi instead of Sanskrit, in order to reach a wider audience. Despite his elite education as a young man in Banaras, his Sanskrit writing itself was likely accessible to the same audience that the queen had envisioned. What were Raghunātha’s true aspirations, and how did changes in his working conditions shape his career? In this essay, I trace Raghunātha’s entrepreneurial spirit through his Bhojanakutūhala, or Curiosities on Consumption. Although traditionally the prerogative of cultural historians of food, the Bhojanakutūhala reveals just as much about the intellectual context of its author as he travelled from north to south. I conclude by comparing Raghunātha’s career with that of his contemporary and namesake, Raghunātha Paṇḍita.

The Praxis of Inculturation for Mission: Roberto de Nobili’s Example and Legacy

Ecclesiology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-342
Author(s):  
Paul Collins
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
South India ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Religious Dialogue ◽  
Jesuit Missionary ◽  
Future Practice

AbstractThis article investigates inculturation in the twentieth century in relation to the example and practice of the seventeenth-century Jesuit missionary Roberto de Nobili. Monastic and liturgical attempts at inculturation in South India are examined as well as the critique offered by Dalit Theology. There are four sections: (1) Outline and analysis of the practice of de Nobili, and its theological basis in the seventeenth century. (2) Analysis of the parallels between the praxis of de Nobili and various Christian sannyasi in the twentieth century, e.g. Savarirayan Jesudason, Ernest Forrester-Paton, Jack Winslow, Abhishiktananda, Bede Griffiths and Francis Acharya. (3) Evaluation of the practice, and its theological basis, of these sannyasi and other religious leaders in South India. (4) Investigation of the critique of Dalit Theology of these practices, and possible outcomes for future practice e.g. in relation to inter-religious dialogue.

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