Digitize and punish: Computerized crime mapping and racialized carceral power in Chicago

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Jordan Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Ethnic Studies ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Surplus Labor ◽  
The Public ◽  
Digital Mapping ◽  
Urban Policing ◽  
The Social

While critical attention has recently turned to racialized police violence in US cities, another quiet development in urban policing is taking place. Hundreds of police departments have begun to wed database software with geographic information systems to represent crime cartographically. Focusing on the Chicago police’s digital mapping application, CLEARmap, the article interprets this development from the standpoint of racialized carceral power. It puts critical geographic information systems theory into discussion with critical ethnic studies and builds the case that CLEARmap does not passively “read” urban space, but provides ostensibly scientific ways of reading and policing negatively racialized fractions of surplus labor in ways that reproduces, and in some instances extends the tentacles of carceral power. CLEARmap’s data structure ensures that negatively racialized fractions of surplus labor, the places they inhabit, and the social problems that afflict them are only representable to state authorities and the public as objects of policing and punishment. CLEARmap is also used at police–community meetings and via the Internet to adapt public perceptions of crime to that of the policing apparatus, and mobilize the public as appendages of police surveillance. By tracing these phenomena, the article casts a heretofore untheorized dimension of the carceral power into sharp relief.

The map is not the territory: Applying qualitative Geographic Information Systems in the practice of activist archaeology

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael JE O’Rourke
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
The Public ◽  
North American Archaeology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Activist Archaeology

In response to concerns regarding the social relevance of North American archaeology, it has been suggested that the tenets of ‘activist scholarship’ can provide a framework for a more publically engaged archaeological discipline. Maps have long been employed in the public dissemination of archaeological research results, but they can also play a role in enhancing public participation in heritage management initiatives. This article outlines how the goals of activist archaeology can be achieved through the mobilization of qualitative Geographic Information Systems practices, with an example of how ‘grounded visualization’ methods were employed in assessing the vulnerability of Inuvialuit cultural landscapes to the impacts of modern climate change.

scholarly journals Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Urban Planning

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Sonila Xhafa ◽  
Albana Kosovrasti
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Centers

Geographic information systems can be defined as a intelligent tool, to which it relates techniques for the implementation of processes such as the introduction, recording, storage, handling, processing and generation of spatial data. Use of GIS in urban planning helps and guides planners for an orderly development of settlements and infrastructure facilities within and outside urban areas. Continued growth of the population in urban centers generates the need for expansion of urban space, for its planning in terms of physical and social infrastructures in the service of the community, based on the principles of sustainable development. In addition urbanization is accompanied with numerous structural transformations and functional cities, which should be evaluated in spatial context, to be managed and planned according to the principles of sustainable development. Urban planning connects directly with land use and design of the urban environment, including physical and social infrastructure in service of the urban community, constituting a challenge to global levels. Use of GIS in this field is a different approach regarding the space, its development and design, analysis and modeling of various processes occurring in it, as well as interconnections between these processes or developments in space.

A SURVEY OF THE USE OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ENGLISH LOCAL AUTHORITY IMPACT ASSESSMENTS

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250006 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. RIDDLESDEN ◽  
A. D. SINGLETON ◽  
T. B. FISCHER
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Embedded Gis ◽  
Almost All

Across the public sector, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial analysis are increasingly ubiquitous when making decisions involving people and places. However, historically GIS has not been prevalently applied to the various types of impact assessment. As such, this paper presents findings from a survey conducted in 2011 of 100 local authorities in England to examine how embedded GIS, spatial analysis and visualisation practices are to the process of conducting impact assessments. The results show that despite obvious advantages of applying GIS in these processes, applications employing basic techniques are at best sporadic, and where advanced methods are implemented, these in almost all instances are conducted by external contractors, thus illustrating a significant GIS under capacity within the sampled local authorities studied.

scholarly journals Firenze, archeologia di una città

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Scampoli
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
The Public

The urban evolution of Florence in the first thirteen centuries of its history is delineated here via a census of the archaeological finds, starting from those documented in the second half of the nineteenth century. The information has been organised and analysed through the use of Geographic Information Systems. The finds have been broken down by period and in terms of function, so as to describe, where possible, the evolution of the buildings and the public spaces and the changes in ways of living and approaches to burial, defence and production over the course of time. The Florentine data are considered within the regional and Italian framework mapped by archaeological research over the last few decades. Theme maps created using GIS further enhance the understanding of the text.

Participatory Geographic Information Systems Within a Crowdsourcing Environment, With Special Reference to Volunteered Geographic Information

2018 ◽  
pp. 392-419
Author(s):  
Mulalu I. Mulalu
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Web Gis ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Web 3.0 ◽  
Web Mapping ◽  
Digital Mapping ◽  
Geographic Data ◽  
Exploratory Data

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are essentially concerned with fixing locations of features and attaching data to them. This geographic data is subsequently used in spatial analysis as a means to support problem analysis and solution modeling through exploratory data analysis and experimentation with various alternative solutions. Ultimately GIS is used for informed decision making. With the advent of technologies that support participation, digital mapping, Global Positioning System (GPS), the internet, Web Mapping, Web GIS, Web 2.0 and Web 3.0 technologies and smart phones, many people all over the world have become capacitated to collect and communicate geo-tagged multimedia information, a phenomenon that is known as crowdsourcing. One example of crowdsourcing is incorporating geotagged information collected by volunteers into a GIS. Consequently, crowdsourcing facilitates PGIS to become a powerful practice that can be leveraged to collect geographic data over extensive landscapes and often in near real time.

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