scholarly journals Assessment of eye movements and selected vision function tests in three pupils with albinism: A case study in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
pp. 026461962098685
Author(s):  
Gunvor B Wilhelmsen ◽  
Mads Gjerstad Eide ◽  
Marion Felder
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Functional Assessment ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Ocular Motor ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Functional Vision ◽  
Vision Function ◽  
Huge Challenge

Albinism is a huge challenge both socially and educationally in Tanzania and many other countries. Pupils with albinism are normally encouraged to read with a fixed gaze due to their nystagmus, and there are doubts about whether refraction improves their reading. The aim is to get more knowledge about their functional vision as a fundament for educating pupils with albinism. The article presents a case study with three pupils from a primary school in Tanzania who went through a functional assessment of vision using standardized methods and a new eye-tracker software measuring smooth pursuits. The assessment reveals large individual differences not only in visual acuity but also in ocular motor functions. There is a need for better understanding of the vision challenges these pupils face so that professionals can develop more suitable methods in school for securing their education.

Feasibility of Eye Movement Recordings with the SMI Tracking Bar in 10- to 11-Year-Old Children Performing a Reading Task

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 (04) ◽  
pp. 510-516
Author(s):  
Jason Wertli ◽  
Andreas Schötzau ◽  
S. Trauzettel-Klosinski ◽  
Anja Palmowski-Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Reading Task ◽  
Red Eye ◽  
Reading Errors ◽  
Eye Movements During Reading

Abstract Introduction Eye movements during reading can be impaired in amblyopia, developmental dyslexia, reduced visual acuity, or visual field defects. To detect pathology, normative values are important for comparison. In healthy children, there is sparse data on eye movements during reading. Therefore, the aim of this study was to, in a first step, explore the feasibility of applying the SMI RED eye tracker bar to record eye movements in 10- and 11-year-old children while reading a text. Materials and Methods Thirty-three (19 aged 10 years, 14 aged 11 years) normally sighted children attending a primary school in Switzerland participated in our study. Visual acuity, the Lang test, and the cover test were performed as a screening for ophthalmologic pathology that might influence the results. Eye movements were recorded with the SMI RED eye tracker bar while the child read aloud two texts from the International Reading Speed Test (IReST), presented on a laptop. Both texts were in German with an equal level of difficulty and were presented in a randomized order. Reading speed (words/minute), number of saccades, number of fixations, and reading errors (mistakes in the reading) were evaluated. Results Screening did not reveal pathology other than refractive errors and children had full corrected visual acuity. Eye movements could be obtained in all but six children where the reflection of the glasses worn prevented a good pupil recording with the tracker. Younger children performed more saccades per word with a mean of 1.41 (SD 0.39) at 10 years of age versus 1.10 (SD 0.21) at 11 years of age. The number of fixations per word was also higher in younger children (mean: 1.63 [SD 0.37]) than in 11-year-old children (mean: 1.32 [SD 0.33]). Ten-year-old children seem to analyze a text in smaller units than 11-year-olds. Thus, 10-year-old children took more time to complete the reading task than the 11-year-olds (mean: 88.8 s [SD 24.1] versus 84.4 s [SD 15.1]). In addition, 10-year-old children made more reading errors compared to 11-year-olds (mean: 4.47 [SD 2.95] versus 2.28 [SD 1.72]). Conclusion It is feasible to record eye movements in children aged 10 – 11, albeit this is more difficult when glasses are worn. As parameters change with age, further data is needed for a representative evaluation regarding eye movements during reading in children of different age groups. The information gained may offer help in recognizing reading difficulties and monitoring of treatment effects.

Cognitive Processing of Film Cuts Among 4- to 8-Year-Old Children

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Munk ◽  
Günter Daniel Rey ◽  
Anna Katharina Diergarten ◽  
Gerhild Nieding ◽  
Wolfgang Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Short Film ◽  
Calculation Formula ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Chronological Sequence

An eye tracker experiment investigated 4-, 6-, and 8-year old children’s cognitive processing of film cuts. Nine short film sequences with or without editing errors were presented to 79 children. Eye movements up to 400 ms after the targeted film cuts were measured and analyzed using a new calculation formula based on Manhattan Metrics. No age effects were found for jump cuts (i.e., small movement discontinuities in a film). However, disturbances resulting from reversed-angle shots (i.e., a switch of the left-right position of actors in successive shots) led to increased reaction times between 6- and 8-year old children, whereas children of all age groups had difficulties coping with narrative discontinuity (i.e., the canonical chronological sequence of film actions is disrupted). Furthermore, 4-year old children showed a greater number of overall eye movements than 6- and 8-year old children. This indicates that some viewing skills are developed between 4 and 6 years of age. The results of the study provide evidence of a crucial time span of knowledge acquisition for television-based media literacy between 4 and 8 years.

External Appearance and Internal Decoration Design of Loader Based on Eye Tracker

2014 ◽  
Vol 519-520 ◽  
pp. 828-832
Author(s):  
He Shan Liu ◽  
Xun Chen ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Professional Group ◽  
Instrument Panel ◽  
Sales Volume ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Experimental Subjects

In today’s marketplace, external appearance and internal decoration become an increasingly important factor that affecting sales volume of product. Moreover, for loaders, the external appearance and decoration of the cab may influence the driver’s comfort both visually and mentally. In order to find out how it works, we divided the experimental subjects into professional group and nonprofessional group and used eye tracker to record subjects’ responses (eye movements) to the pictures of the loader, and then analyzed these responses with the eye tracker build-in analyzing software. The results show that the professional are more interested in functional parts and the nonprofessionals are more likely to be influenced by appearance shape and color; the instrument panel is less attracted during the whole experiments.

scholarly journals A Fast and Effective System for Analysis of Optokinetic Waveforms with a Low-Cost Eye Tracking Device

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Chong-Bin Tsai ◽  
Wei-Yu Hung ◽  
Wei-Yen Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is an involuntary eye movement induced by motion of a large proportion of the visual field. It consists of a “slow phase (SP)” with eye movements in the same direction as the movement of the pattern and a “fast phase (FP)” with saccadic eye movements in the opposite direction. Study of OKN can reveal valuable information in ophthalmology, neurology and psychology. However, the current commercially available high-resolution and research-grade eye tracker is usually expensive. Methods & Results: We developed a novel fast and effective system combined with a low-cost eye tracking device to accurately quantitatively measure OKN eye movement. Conclusions: The experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieves fast and promising results in comparisons with several traditional approaches.

Self-motion-induced eye movements: effects on visual acuity and navigation

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 966-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora E. Angelaki ◽  
Bernhard J. M. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Self Motion

The effect of abnormal eye movements upon visual acuity

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-253
Author(s):  
Anita J. Simmers ◽  
Lyle S. Gray ◽  
Barry Winn
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Eye Movements

Eye Movements as a Means to Evaluate Operation Interface of Flat Knitting Machine

2014 ◽  
Vol 607 ◽  
pp. 664-668
Author(s):  
Zhi Hui Liu ◽  
Sheng Ze Wang ◽  
Qiong Shen ◽  
Jia Jun Feng
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Layout Design ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Heat Maps ◽  
Machine Operation

This study investigates the characteristics of eye movements by operating flat knitting machine. For the objective evaluation purpose of the flat knitting machine operation interface, we arrange participants finish operation tasks on the interface, then use eye tracker to analyze and evaluate the layout design. Through testing of the different layout designs, we get fixation sequences, the count of fixation, heat maps, and fixation length. The results showed that the layout design could significantly affect the eye-movement, especially the fixation sequences and the heat maps, the count of fixation and fixation length are always impacted by operation tasks. Overall, data obtained from eye movements can not only be used to evaluate the operation interface, but also significantly enhance the layout design of the flat knitting machine.

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