scholarly journals 4D flow MRI for intracranial hemodynamics assessment in Alzheimer’s disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1718-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo A Rivera-Rivera ◽  
Patrick Turski ◽  
Kevin M Johnson ◽  
Carson Hoffman ◽  
Sara E Berman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
4D Flow Mri ◽  
4D Flow ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flow Mri

Cerebral blood flow, arterial pulsation, and vasomotion play important roles in the transport of waste metabolites out of the brain. Impaired vasomotion results in reduced driving force for the perivascular/glymphatic clearance of beta-amyloid. Noninvasive cerebrovascular characteristic features that potentially assess these transport mechanisms are mean blood flow (MBF) and pulsatility index (PI). In this study, 4D flow MRI was used to measure intra-cranial flow features, particularly MBF, PI, resistive index (RI) and cross-sectional area in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment and in age matched and younger cognitively healthy controls. Three-hundred fourteen subjects participated in this study. Volumetric, time-resolved phase contrast (PC) MRI data were used to quantify hemodynamic parameters from 11 vessel segments. Anatomical variants of the Circle of Willis were also cataloged. The AD population reported a statistically significant decrease in MBF and cross-sectional area, and also an increase in PI and RI compared to age matched cognitively healthy control subjects. The 4D flow MRI technique used in this study provides quantitative measurements of intracranial vessel geometry and the velocity of flow. Cerebrovascular characteristics features of vascular health such as pulsatility index can be extracted from the 4D flow MRI data.

scholarly journals Changes in intracranial venous blood flow and pulsatility in Alzheimer’s disease: A 4D flow MRI study

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 2149-2158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo A Rivera-Rivera ◽  
Tilman Schubert ◽  
Patrick Turski ◽  
Kevin M Johnson ◽  
Sara E Berman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Superior Sagittal Sinus ◽  
4D Flow ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Flow Mri

Cerebral blood flow, arterial pulsation, and vasomotion may be important indicators of cerebrovascular health in aging and diseases of aging such as Alzheimer’s disease. Noninvasive markers that assess these characteristics may be helpful in the study of co-occurrence of these diseases and potential additive and interacting effects. In this study, 4D flow MRI was used to measure intra-cranial flow features with cardiac-gated phase contrast MRI in cranial arteries and veins. Mean blood flow and pulsatility index as well as the transit time of the peak flow from the middle cerebral artery to the superior sagittal sinus were measured in a total of 104 subjects comprising of four groups: (a) subjects with Alzheimer’s disease, (b) age-matched controls, (c) subjects with mild cognitive impairment, and (d) a group of late middle-aged with parental history of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. The Alzheimer’s disease group exhibited: a significant decrease in mean blood flow in the superior sagittal sinus, transverse sinus, middle cerebral artery, and internal carotid arteries; a significant decrease of the peak and end diastolic blood flow in the middle cerebral artery and superior sagittal sinus; a faster transmission of peak flow from the middle cerebral artery to the superior sagittal sinus and increased pulsatility index along the carotid siphon.

scholarly journals Intracranial vascular flow oscillations in Alzheimer’s disease from 4D flow MRI

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 102379
Author(s):  
Leonardo A. Rivera-Rivera ◽  
Karly A. Cody ◽  
David Rutkowski ◽  
Paul Cary ◽  
Laura Eisenmenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
4D Flow Mri ◽  
4D Flow ◽  
Vascular Flow ◽  
Flow Mri ◽  
Flow Oscillations

scholarly journals Assessment of intracranial vascular flow oscillations in Alzheimer’s disease using real time 4D flow MRI

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo A Rivera ◽  
Laura Eisenmenger ◽  
Paul Cary ◽  
Sterling C. Johnson ◽  
Kevin M Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Real Time ◽  
4D Flow Mri ◽  
4D Flow ◽  
Vascular Flow ◽  
Flow Mri ◽  
Flow Oscillations

scholarly journals Associations in Alzheimer’s disease between intracranial vascular metrics from 4D‐flow MRI and β‐amyloid and tau PET

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo A Rivera‐Rivera ◽  
Karly Alex Cody ◽  
Tobey J Betthauser ◽  
Robert V Cadman ◽  
Thomas Reher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
4D Flow Mri ◽  
4D Flow ◽  
Flow Mri ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
Tau Pet

scholarly journals Associations between haemodynamics and wall enhancement of intracranial aneurysm

2021 ◽  
pp. svn-2020-000636
Author(s):  
Miaoqi Zhang ◽  
Fei Peng ◽  
Xin Tong ◽  
Xin Feng ◽  
Yunduo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Ordinal Regression ◽  
Parent Artery ◽  
Black Blood ◽  
4D Flow Mri ◽  
4D Flow ◽  
Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Black Blood Mri ◽  
Flow Mri

Background and purposePrevious studies have reported about inflammation processes (IPs) that play important roles in aneurysm formation and rupture, which could be driven by blood flow. IPs can be identified using aneurysmal wall enhancement (AWE) on high-resolution black-blood MRI (BB-MRI) and blood flow haemodynamics can be demonstrated by four-dimensional-flow MRI (4D-flow MRI). Thus, this study investigated the associations between AWE and haemodynamics in unruptured intracranial aneurysms (IA) by combining 4D-flow MRI and high-resolution BB-MRI.Materials and methodsBetween April 2014 and October 2017, 48 patients with 49 unruptured IA who underwent both 4D-flow MRI and high-resolution BB-MRI were retrospectively included in this study. The haemodynamic parameters demonstrated using 4D-flow MRI were compared between different AWE patterns using the Kruskal-Wallis test and ordinal regression.ResultsThe results of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the average wall shear stress in the IA (WSSavg-IA), maximum through-plane velocity in the adjacent parent artery, inflow jet patterns and the average vorticity in IA (vorticityavg-IA) were significantly associated with the AWE patterns. Ordinal regression analysis identified WSSavg-IA (p=0.002) and vorticityavg-IA (p=0.033) as independent predictors of AWE patterns.ConclusionA low WSS and low average vorticity were independently associated with a high AWE grade for IAs larger than 4 mm. Therefore, WSS and average vorticity could predict AWE and circumferential AWE.

scholarly journals A pilot study investigating the use of 4D flow MRI for the assessment of splanchnic flow in patients suspected of mesenteric ischaemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Hall Barrientos ◽  
Katrina Knight ◽  
Douglas Black ◽  
Alexander Vesey ◽  
Giles Roditi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Splenic Vein ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Mesenteric Ischaemia ◽  
4D Flow Mri ◽  
4D Flow ◽  
Flow Mri ◽  
Mesenteric Vessels ◽  
Flow Changes

AbstractThe most common cause of chronic mesenteric ischaemia is atherosclerosis which results in limitation of blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract. This pilot study aimed to evaluate 4D flow MRI as a potential tool for the analysis of blood flow changes post-prandial within the mesenteric vessels. The mesenteric vessels of twelve people were scanned; patients and healthy volunteers. A baseline MRI scan was performed after 6 h of fasting followed by a post-meal scan. Two 4D flow datasets were acquired, over the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the main portal venous vessels. Standard 2D time-resolved PC-MRI slices were also obtained across the aorta above the coeliac trunk, superior mesenteric vein, splenic vein and portal vein (PV). In the volunteer cohort there was a marked increase in blood flow post-meal within the PV (p = 0.028), not seen in the patient cohort (p = 0.116). Similarly, there were significant flow changes within the SMA of volunteers (p = 0.028) but not for the patient group (p = 0.116). Our pilot data has shown that there is a significant haemodynamic response to meal challenge in the PV and SMA in normal subjects compared to clinically apparent CMI patients. Therefore, the interrogation of mesenteric venous vessels exclusively is a feasible method to measure post-prandial flow changes in CMI patients.

scholarly journals Four-Dimensional Flow MRI of Abdominal Veins: A Systematic Review

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
Simon O. Haarbye ◽  
Michael B. Nielsen ◽  
Adam E. Hansen ◽  
Carsten A. Lauridsen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
4D Flow Mri ◽  
4D Flow ◽  
Dimensional Flow ◽  
Flow Mri

The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the use of Four-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of vector blood flow (4D Flow MRI) in the abdominal veins. This study was composed according to the PRISMA guidelines 2009. The literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the QUADAS-2 tool. The initial search yielded 781 studies and 21 studies were included. All studies successfully applied 4D Flow MRI in abdominal veins. Four-Dimensional Flow MRI was capable of discerning between healthy subjects and patients with cirrhosis and/or portal hypertension. The visual quality and inter-observer agreement of 4D Flow MRI were rated as excellent and good to excellent, respectively, and the studies utilized several different MRI data sampling strategies. By applying spiral sampling with compressed sensing to 4D Flow MRI, the blood flow of several abdominal veins could be imaged simultaneously in 18–25 s, without a significant loss of visual quality. Four-Dimensional Flow MRI might be a useful alternative to Doppler sonography for the diagnosis of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Further clinical studies need to establish consensus regarding MRI sampling strategies in patients and healthy subjects.

scholarly journals Sequential alterations in the diameters of capillaries in rabbit skeletal muscle following deep transverse friction - a morphometric study

2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Gregory ◽  
M. N. Deane ◽  
M. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Biceps Femoris Muscle ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Cross

Objective: The precise mechanisms by which massage promotes repair in injured soft tissue are unknown. Various authorshave attributed the beneficial effects of massage to vasodilation and increased skin and muscle blood flow. The aim of this study was to determine whether deep transverse friction massage (DTF) causes capillary vasodilation in untraumatised skeletal muscle. Setting: Academic institution.Interventions: Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were anaesthetised and the left biceps femoris muscle received 10 minutes of DTF. Following treatment, wedge biopsies were taken from the musclewithin 10 minutes of treatment (R1 - 4), 24 hours (R5 - 8) and 6 days(R9 - 12) after treatment. To serve as controls, similar biopsies weretaken from the right biceps femoris of animals. The samples were fixed, dehydrated and embedded in epoxy resin.Transverse sections (1µm) of muscle were cut, stained with 1% aqueous alkaline toluidine blue and examined with a light microscope using a 40X objective. Images containing capillaries were captured using an image analyser with SIS software and the cross sectional diameters of at least 60 capillaries were measured from each specimen. Main Outcome Measures: Changes in capillary diameter. Results: The mean capillary diameters in control muscle averaged 4.76 µm. DTF caused a significant immediate increase of 17.3% in cross sectional area (p<0.001), which was not significantly increased by 10.0% after 24 hours (p>0.05). Six days after treatment the cross-sectional area of the treated muscle was 7.6% smaller than the controls. Conclusions: This confirms the contention that DTF stimulates muscle blood flow immediately after treatment and this may account for its beneficial effects in certain conditions. 

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