scholarly journals Brain tissue iron quantification by MRI in intracerebral hemorrhage: Current translational evidence and pitfalls

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 562-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Chaudhary ◽  
Aditya S Pandey ◽  
Julius Griauzde ◽  
Joseph J Gemmete ◽  
Thomas L Chenevert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Iron Quantification ◽  
Tissue Iron ◽  
Iron Based

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common subtype of hemorrhagic stroke with devastating consequences with no specific treatment. There is, however, substantial evidence for iron-mediated neurotoxicity in animal ICH models. Non-invasive quantification of the peri-hematomal tissue iron based on MRI has shown some promise in animal models and is being validated for clinical translation. This commentary reviews evidence for this approach and discusses potential pitfalls.

scholarly journals Perihematomal brain tissue iron concentration measurement by MRI in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 896-901
Author(s):  
Jialiang Wei ◽  
Nemanja Novakovic ◽  
Thomas L. Chenevert ◽  
Guohua Xi ◽  
Richard F. Keep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Concentration Measurement ◽  
Tissue Iron

scholarly journals Differences in Cardiac Effects of Venoms from Tentacles and the Bell of Live Carukia barnesi: Using Non-Invasive Pulse Wave Doppler

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Mark Little ◽  
Peter Pereira ◽  
Jamie Seymour
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Real World ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Cardiac Effects ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cardiac Decompensation

Carukia barnesi was the first in an expanding list of cubozoan jellyfish whose sting was identified as causing Irukandji syndrome. Nematocysts present on both the bell and tentacles are known to produce localised stings, though their individual roles in Irukandji syndrome have remained speculative. This research examines differences through venom profiling and pulse wave Doppler in a murine model. The latter demonstrates marked measurable differences in cardiac parameters. The venom from tentacles (CBVt) resulted in cardiac decompensation and death in all mice at a mean of 40 min (95% CL: ± 11 min), whereas the venom from the bell (CBVb) did not produce any cardiac dysfunction nor death in mice at 60 min post-exposure. This difference is pronounced, and we propose that bell exposure is unlikely to be causative in severe Irukandji syndrome. To date, all previously published cubozoan venom research utilised parenterally administered venom in their animal models, with many acknowledging their questionable applicability to real-world envenomation. Our model used live cubozoans on anaesthetised mice to simulate normal envenomation mechanics and actual expressed venoms. Consequently, we provide validity to the parenteral methodology used by previous cubozoan venom research.

scholarly journals Extracellular fluid, cerebrospinal fluid and plasma biomarkers of axonal and neuronal injury following intracerebral hemorrhage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovisa Tobieson ◽  
Henrik Zetterberg ◽  
Kaj Blennow ◽  
Niklas Marklund
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Neurofilament Light ◽  
Aβ Peptides ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Fluid Compartments

AbstractSpontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most devastating form of stroke. To refine treatments, improved understanding of the secondary injury processes is needed. We compared energy metabolic, amyloid and neuroaxonal injury biomarkers in extracellular fluid (ECF) from the perihemorrhagic zone (PHZ) and non-injured (NCX) brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. Patients (n = 11; age 61 ± 10 years) undergoing ICH surgery received two microdialysis (MD) catheters, one in PHZ, and one in NCX. ECF was analysed at three time intervals within the first 60 h post- surgery, as were CSF and plasma samples. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) 40 and 42, microtubule associated protein tau (tau), and neurofilament-light (NF-L) were analysed using Single molecule array (Simoa) technology. Median biomarker concentrations were lowest in plasma, higher in ECF and highest in CSF. Biomarker levels varied over time, with different dynamics in the three fluid compartments. In the PHZ, ECF levels of Aβ40 were lower, and tau higher when compared to the NCX. Altered levels of Aβ peptides, NF-L and tau may reflect brain tissue injury following ICH surgery. However, the dynamics of biomarker levels in the different fluid compartments should be considered in the study of pathophysiology or biomarkers in ICH patients.

Do Current Animal Models of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Mirror the Human Pathology?

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Opeolu Adeoye ◽  
Joseph F. Clark ◽  
Pooja Khatri ◽  
Kenneth R. Wagner ◽  
Mario Zuccarello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Human Pathology

scholarly journals Efficacy of Deferoxamine in Animal Models of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Stratified Meta-Analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e0127256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Jin Cui ◽  
Hao-yu He ◽  
A-Li Yang ◽  
Hua-Jun Zhou ◽  
Cong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals Prevention of Measles Virus Infection by Intranasal Delivery of Fusion Inhibitor Peptides

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 1143-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mathieu ◽  
D. Huey ◽  
E. Jurgens ◽  
J. C. Welsch ◽  
I. DeVito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Structural Transition ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Heptad Repeat ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Inhibitory Peptides ◽  
Fusion Inhibitors

ABSTRACTMeasles virus (MV) infection is undergoing resurgence and remains one of the leading causes of death among young children worldwide despite the availability of an effective measles vaccine. MV infects its target cells by coordinated action of the MV H and the fusion (F) envelope glycoprotein; upon receptor engagement by H, the prefusion F undergoes a structural transition, extending and inserting into the target cell membrane and then refolding into a postfusion structure that fuses the viral and cell membranes. By interfering with this structural transition of F, peptides derived from the heptad-repeat (HR) regions of F can potently inhibit MV infection at the entry stage. We show here that specific features of H's interaction with its receptors modulate the susceptibility of MV F to peptide fusion inhibitors. A higher concentration of inhibitory peptides is required to inhibit F-mediated fusion when H is engaged to its nectin-4 receptor than when H is engaged to its CD150 receptor. Peptide inhibition of F may be subverted by continued engagement of receptor by H, a finding that highlights the ongoing role of H-receptor interaction after F has been activated and that helps guide the design of more potent inhibitory peptides. Intranasal administration of these peptides results in peptide accumulation in the airway epithelium with minimal systemic levels of peptide and efficiently prevents MV infectionin vivoin animal models. The results suggest an antiviral strategy for prophylaxis in vulnerable and/or immunocompromised hosts.IMPORTANCEMeasles virus (MV) infection causes an acute illness that may be associated with infection of the central nervous system (CNS) and severe neurological disease. No specific treatment is available. We have shown that parenterally delivered fusion-inhibitory peptides protect mice from lethal CNS MV disease. Here we show, using established small-animal models of MV infection, that fusion-inhibitory peptides delivered intranasally provide effective prophylaxis against MV infection. Since the fusion inhibitors are stable at room temperature, this intranasal strategy is feasible even outside health care settings, could be used to protect individuals and communities in case of MV outbreaks, and could complement global efforts to control measles.

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