The utility of diffusion-weighted imaging and ADC values in the characterization of mumps orchitis and seminoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512199198
Author(s):  
Renwei Liu ◽  
Jianhua Li ◽  
Yixiang Jiang ◽  
Zhiqing Wu ◽  
Jiayin Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
B Value ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
High B Value ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Hyperintense Signal ◽  
Adc Values

Background Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can quantitatively reflect the diffusion characteristics of tissues, providing a theoretical basis for qualitative diagnosis and quantitative analysis of a disease. Purpose To characterize testicular lesions that present as a hypointense signal on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2-weighted images using DWI. Material and Methods Study participants were divided into three groups. Group A were healthy controls (n = 35), group B included patients with mumps orchitis (n = 20), and group C included patients with seminoma (n = 15). DWI sequences used b-values of 0, 1000, and 2000 s/mm2. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values between 1000 and 2000 s/mm2 were calculated by MRI postprocessing software. The Kruskal–Wallis test and receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed to evaluate how well ADC values distinguished between mumps orchitis and seminoma. Results Normal testicular tissue showed a hyperintense signal on DWI and hypointensity on the ADC map: mean ADC value was 0.77 (0.69–0.85) ± 0.08 ×10−3 mm2/s. Mumps orchitis and seminoma showed slight hyperintensity on DWI: mean ADC values were 0.85 (0.71–0.99) ± 0.15 ×10−3 mm2/s and 0.43 (0.39–0.47) ± 0.04 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in mean ADC values between normal testicular tissue and seminoma and between mumps orchitis and seminoma. The cutoff ADC value for differentiating seminoma from mumps orchitis was 0.54 × 10−3 mm2/s. The sensitivity, specificity, and Youden Index for diagnosing seminoma were 99%, 31%, and 30%, respectively. Conclusion High b-value DWI has potential utility for differentiating mumps orchitis from seminoma in the clinical setting.

Differentiation of cystic lesions in the jaw by conventional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 20210212
Author(s):  
Natnicha Wamasing ◽  
Hiroshi Watanabe ◽  
Junichiro Sakamoto ◽  
Hiroshi Tomisato ◽  
Tohru Kurabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Cystic Lesions ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Dentigerous Cysts ◽  
Adc Values

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the discrimination power of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for cystic lesions in the jaw using MRI. Methods: We selected 127 cystic lesions, comprising dentigerous cysts (DCs), odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), and unicystic ameloblastomas (UABs), from our MRI database examined by 3T MRI, including diffusion-weighted imaging sequences, and we reviewed their imaging characteristics. We attempted to discriminate the three types of lesions by ADC values with receiver operator characteristic analysis; however, satisfactory results were not obtained for differentiation between DC and OKC. Therefore, we performed a decision tree analysis. Results: The imaging characteristics of the lesions were significantly different according to Fisher’s exact test, except for differences in sex. The ADC values statistically discriminated the lesions of DC and UAB, OKC and UAB, but not DC and OKC. Thus, differentiation was performed by a decision tree for DC and OKC by evaluating the following points: the attached tooth condition, signal intensity on the T1 weighted image (T1SI), ADC value, and the cyst site. However, cases showing hypo- or isointense T1SI with an ADC value under 1.168 × 10–3 mm2/s were difficult to differentiate. Conclusion: The ADC value helped distinguish UAB from both DC and OKC, but not DC from OKC. However, the decision tree based on ADC value, tooth contact status, and T1SI helped differentiate DC and OKC to some extent.

scholarly journals Role of Quantitative Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Orbital Masses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Mundhada ◽  
Sudarshan Rawat ◽  
Ullas Acharya ◽  
Dhananjay Raje
Keyword(s):  
Roc Curve ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Orbital Masses ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Orbital Lesions

Abstract Aim To determine the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in differentiating benign and malignant orbital masses. Materials and Methods After obtaining institutional ethical board approval and informed consent from all patients, an observational study was done for a period of 24 months in the radiology department of a tertiary care hospital in South India. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging and DWI using a 3T scanner was done for all patients with suspected orbital mass lesion. ADC value and clinicohistopathological correlation were studied for every patient. Chi-square test was used to compare the signal characteristics of DWI and ADC maps between benign and malignant lesions. A comparison of mean ADC values for benign and malignant masses was performed using Student’s t-test for independent samples. The cut-off value for ADC was obtained using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Of 44 patients with orbital lesions, 70% were benign and 30% were malignant. There was a significant difference in the mean ADC values of benign and malignant orbital masses. Using ROC curve analysis, an optimal ADC threshold of 1.26 × 10−3 mm2/s was calculated for the prediction of malignancy with 100% sensitivity, 80.65% specificity, and 86.36% accuracy (95% confidence interval: 0.872, 1.00, p < 0.0001). Two ADC thresholds were used to characterize the orbital masses with more than 90% confidence. Conclusion Quantitative assessment of ADC is a useful noninvasive diagnostic tool for differentiating benign and malignant orbital masses. Malignant orbital lesions demonstrate significantly lower ADC values as compared with benign lesions.

High b-value diffusion-weighted imaging: A sensitive method to reveal white matter differences in schizophrenia

2012 ◽  
Vol 201 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Sebastian Baumann ◽  
Leila Cammoun ◽  
Philippe Conus ◽  
Kim Quang Do ◽  
Pierre Marquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
B Value ◽  
High B Value ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Sensitive Method

Ultra-High b-Value Diffusion-Weighted Imaging–Based Abbreviated Protocols for Breast Cancer Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Ohlmeyer ◽  
Frederik Bernd Laun ◽  
Sebastian Bickelhaupt ◽  
Theresa Palm ◽  
Rolf Janka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
B Value ◽  
Breast Cancer Detection ◽  
High B Value ◽  
Diffusion Weighted

Predicting axillary response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy: the role of diffusion weighted imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Graña-López ◽  
Tania Pérez-Ramos ◽  
Fiz Andrés Maciñeira ◽  
Ángeles Villares ◽  
Manuel Vázquez-Caruncho
Keyword(s):  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
Pathologic Complete Response ◽  
Tumour Response ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Response To Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate whether the primary tumour response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), based on the increase in the ADC-values (apparent diffusion coefficient) within the breast lesion, could help to predict axillary complete response. Methods: We retrospectively included 74 patients who were treated with NAC followed by surgery at Lucus Augusti Hospital between January 2015 and September 2020. Simple logistic regression was used to evaluate the factors associated with axillary pathological complete response, including the changes in breast tumour ADC-values due to the treatment. Results: Axillary complete response was correlated with negative oestrogen receptor status, Her2 positivity and response of primary tumour. It was achieved in 31% of the patients. In addition, the increase in the tumour ADC-values with NAC was higher for responders. Among the tumours that demonstrated an increase in ADC-value >0.92 ×10−3 mm2/s, 42.8% (15/35) showed axillary complete response. Eight (20.5%) breast cancers with an increase in ADC below the cut-off value were found to have no metastatic nodes after treatment (p = 0.038). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the performance of models predicting axillary response to NAC can be improved by adding the tumour response determined also using diffusion-weighted imaging. Advances in knowledge: For the fist time, we investigate the relation between tumour response to NAC, assessed using diffusion-weighted imaging, and axillary pathologic complete response.

Clinical suspicion of spondylodiscitis with equivocal MRI findings: does diffusion-weighted imaging prove helpful here?

2020 ◽  
pp. 028418512092790
Author(s):  
Jeanette Henkelmann ◽  
Kristina Bremicker ◽  
Timm Denecke ◽  
Karl-Titus Hoffmann ◽  
Ralf Henkelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Adc Values

Background Despite the high sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), early detection of spondylodiscitis (SpD) remains challenging due to its low specificity. Purpose To assess the diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in suspected cases of SpD with ambiguous early MRI findings in the differentiation of degenerative disorders (DD). Material and Methods In this prospective study, 52 patients suspected of having SpD underwent a whole-spine 3-T MRI scan comprising sagittal DWI. Of 58 conspicuous, T2-weighted, signal increased discs, 39 were successfully evaluated using DWI. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and ADC maps were blindly analyzed using the region of interest of the conspicuous disc and a normal adjacent reference disc. Intraindividual ratios (conspicuous disc: reference disc) were calculated. Results All conspicuous discs showed increased absolute ADC values, which did not differ significantly between SpD (n = 22) and DD (n = 17). However, ADC ratio was significantly higher in SpD vs. DD ( P < 0.05). In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, an ADC ratio threshold of 1.6 resulted in 45% sensitivity and 88% specificity (area under the curve = 0.69) for SpD diagnosis. Conclusion The absolute ADC value does not provide a reliable diagnosis of SpD. Increased diffusivity can be an indication of infection but should always be discussed in the context of existing disc degeneration.

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