MR Velocity Mapping Measurement of Renal Artery Blood Flow in Patients with Impaired Kidney Function

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (1P1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cortsen ◽  
L. J. Petersen ◽  
F. Ståhlberg ◽  
C. Thomsen ◽  
L. Søndergaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Pulse Sequence ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Image Plane ◽  
Renal Arteries ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Velocity Mapping ◽  
Pah Clearance

Renal blood flow (RBF) was measured in 9 patients with chronic impaired kidney function using MR velocity mapping and compared to PAH clearance and 99mTc-DTPA scintigraphy. An image plane suitable for flow measurement perpendicular to the renal arteries was chosen from 2-dimensional MR angiography. MR velocity mapping was performed in both renal arteries using an ECG-triggered gradient echo pulse sequence previously validated in normal volunteers. Effective renal plasma flow was calculated from the clearance rate of PAH during constant infusion and the split of renal function was evaluated by 99mTc-DTPA scintigraphy. A reduction of RBF was found, and there was a significant correlation between PAH clearance multiplied by 1/(1-hematocrit) and RBF determined by MR velocity mapping. Furthermore a significant correlation between the distribution of renal function and the percent distribution of RBF was found.

scholarly journals Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors in the kidney: impact on renal autoregulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (2) ◽  
pp. F443-F454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Vauvert R. Hviid ◽  
Charlotte M. Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Study Participants

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and strategies based on this blood sugar-reducing and appetite-suppressing hormone are used to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is also present in the kidney, where it influences renal function. The effect of GLP-1 on the kidney varies between humans and rodents. The effect of GLP-1 on kidney function also seems to vary depending on its concentration and the physiological or pathological state of the kidney. In studies with rodents or humans, acute infusion of pharmacological doses of GLP-1 stimulates natriuresis and diuresis. However, the effect on the renal vasculature is less clear. In rodents, GLP-1 infusion increases renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate, suggesting renal vasodilation. In humans, only a subset of the study participants exhibits increased renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. Differential status of kidney function and changes in renal vascular resistance of the preglomerular arterioles may account for the different responses of the human study participants. Because renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes is already at risk or compromised, understanding the effects of GLP-1R activation on kidney function in these patients is particularly important. This review examines the distribution of GLP-1R in the kidney and the effects elicited by GLP-1 or GLP-1R agonists. By integrating results from acute and chronic studies in healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes along with those from rodent studies, we provide insight into how GLP-1R activation affects renal function and autoregulation.

Accurate assessment of renal function prior and after peptide receptor radionuclide therapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
Branislava Ilincic ◽  
Zoran Stosic ◽  
Velibor Cabarkapa ◽  
Radmila Zeravica ◽  
Romana Mijovic
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Somatostatin Receptor ◽  
Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Peptide Receptor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Critical Organ ◽  
Kidney Impairment

Peptide receptor radiation therapy (PRRT) with radiolabeled octreotide analogs is effective treatment in patients with somatostatin receptor-positive neuroendocrine tumors. The kidneys are critical organ during PRRT because of peptide reabsorption, retention, and prolonged irradiation in the proximal tubules. We presented results of kidney functions tests in four patients before and after PRRT with 90Y-DOTATOC and 177Lu-DOTATATE, with special reference to the pathophysiology of preexisting multiple risk factors for kidney impairment. We conducted several methods routinely used in clinical practice to determine kidney function - serum creatinine, serum cystatin C, creatinine clearance (CrCl) through 24 hours of urine collection and mathematical equations for prediction of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). A very accurate measurement of kidney function (GFR and effective renal plasma flow) was done by radioactive tracers - 99Tc- diethyl triamine pentaacetic acid and 131I ortho-iodohippurate plasma clearance. Beside PRRT nephrotoxicity, patient age, preexisting kidney disease, and chronic comorbidities contribute to the risk of renal impairment. Because clinically relevant differences were assessed between calculated values and the real situation, mathematical calculation of GFR or CrCl did not seem to be appropriate to assess individual renal function precisely enough.

Drawbacks of the constant-infusion technique for measurement of renal function

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (4) ◽  
pp. F543-F552 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Van Acker ◽  
G. C. Koomen ◽  
L. Arisz
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Urinary Recovery ◽  
Infusion Method ◽  
Pah Clearance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Infusion Technique ◽  
Extrarenal Clearance

We investigated the validity of the steady-state constant infusion method (CIM), in which quantitative urinary recovery and constant plasma concentrations of the solute infused are required. Successive 3-h clearances of inulin and p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) were determined for 27 h in 25 patients with renal disease. Results were compared with the standard method of bladder clearance (StM) and with a modified CIM (ModCIM). The 24-h urinary recovery was incomplete for both inulin and PAH. Mean 24-h ModCIM inulin clearance overestimated StM by 4.5 ml.min-1 x 1.73 m-2 (range 0–9, P < 0.001) independent of the extent of renal impairment and pointed to slow distribution and/or extrarenal clearance of inulin. For PAH, the difference between ModCIM and StM clearance was related to the average PAH clearance by ModCIM and StM (r = 0.78). Furthermore, neither plasma inulin nor PAH became completely constant, because of the circadian rhythm in renal function. In conclusion, the conditions of the steady-state CIM technique are not fulfilled, and the method is not suitable for accurate measurement of inulin and PAH clearance, especially when the clearance is low.

Effects of the enantiomers of a new dihydropyridine derivative, S12968 and S12967, on renal functions in rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 848-853
Author(s):  
José M. López-Novoa ◽  
Inmaculada Montañés
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Hypotensive Effect

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the two enantiomers of a new dihydropyridine, S12967 and S12968, on rat renal function. Male Wistar rats were injected intravenously with saline, S12967, or S12968 (0.1, 0.3, or 1 mg/kg body weight). Urinary flow, glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, urinary sodium, potassium, and calcium excretions, mean arterial pressure, and renal vascular resistance were determined before and every 30 min up to 180 min after administration of the tested substance. The levogyre enantiomer S12968, at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg, induced a 4-fold increase in urinary sodium excretion, without significant or with minor changes in glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, or renal blood flow. The hypotensive effect was small and nonsignificant. At 1 mg/kg, S12968 caused a profound hypotensive effect that impaired the renal function, induced marked oliguria, and decreased glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow to almost negligible values. The dextrogyre enantiomer S12967 had much less effect on renal function. These data showing specific stereoselective renal effects are in agreement with pharmacological studies that have demonstrated that S12968 possesses a higher affinity for the dihydropyridine-binding site than its dextrogyre enantiomer, S12967.Key words: Ca channel antagonists, dihydropyridine, glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, natriuresis, mean arterial pressure.

MR Velocity Mapping Measurement of Renal Artery Blood Flow in Patients with Impaired Kidney Function

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cortsen ◽  
L. J. Petersen ◽  
F. Ståhlberg ◽  
C. Thomsen ◽  
L. Søndergaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Velocity Mapping

scholarly journals Characteristics of the functional state of the kidneys in patients with syphilis

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
E. A. Korobeinikova ◽  
G. E. Shinsky ◽  
V. V. Trusov
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Tubular Secretion ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Effective Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Comprehensive Study

A comprehensive study of renal function in patients with early forms of syphilis revealed a decrease in tubular secretion and a decrease in effective renal plasma flow in one third of the examined. The possibility of preferential damage to one of the kidneys was established in half of the patients. The therapy in general had a normalizing effect on kidney function. Temporarily decreased tubular secretion and effective renal plasma flow after pyrotherapy normalized or significantly improved by the end of treatment in comparison with the baseline data.

scholarly journals SERIAL RENAL CLEARANCES IN DOGS WITH NEPHROGENIC AND SPONTANEOUS HYPERTENSION

1949 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stamler ◽  
L. N. Katz ◽  
S. Rodbard
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Spontaneous Hypertension ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Renal Clearances

Evidence is presented on the occurrence of spontaneous hypertension in dogs. All dogs with spontaneous hypertension exhibited normal renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. Clearances on nephrogenic hypertensive dogs revealed that some exhibited normal kidney function, while others had significant depression of renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. In the latter, the filtration fraction may or may not be elevated. Serial renal clearances were done at intervals on 3 dogs with spontaneous hypertension during their 3rd year of known hypertension. They exhibited no tendency to develop impaired renal function in the face of prolonged benign hypertension. Serial renal clearances on nephrogenic hypertensive dogs revealed no tendency for kidney function to become progressively impaired. This was true, whether the immediate postoperative clearance values were normal or depressed. It was also true regardless of the duration of the hypertension. It is suggested that mechanisms other than elevated blood pressure per se operate to produce progressive kidney damage and impairment of renal function. No tendency was revealed over the course of a year or more for the kidney function to improve in Goldblatt dogs exhibiting depressed clearances immediately postoperatively. This is interpreted as evidence against the postoperative development in persistently hypertensive Goldblatt dogs of a renal collateral circulation sufficient to augment significantly effective renal blood flow. Pathological studies on 2 dogs with spontaneous hypertension revealed slight to moderate chronic focal lesions in the kidneys, and bilateral adrenal cortical adenomatous hyperplasia. Both lesions may have no pathogenetic significance. In accord with previous observations, autopsies on 3 Goldblatt dogs revealed minimal renal changes in one, and unilateral kidney atrophy with contralateral hypertrophy in the 2 others. The adrenals were normal. In general, data on renal clearances showed correlation with postmortem kidney findings. However, normal renal clearances are found in the presence of anatomically abnormal kidneys. The findings in canine spontaneous and nephrogenic hypertension are compared and contrasted with data obtained in human essential hypertension. Pathogenetic relationships are discussed.

scholarly journals Long-Term Administration of Angiotensin (1–7) to db/db Mice Reduces Oxidative Stress Damage in the Kidneys and Prevents Renal Dysfunction

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Malgorzata Papinska ◽  
Kathleen Elizabeth Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Arteries ◽  
Plasma Creatinine ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Stress Damage

Aims. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of long-term (16 weeks) administration of angiotensin (1–7) [A(1–7)] on kidney function in db/db mice and to identify the protective mechanisms of this therapy. Methods. db/db mice and heterozygous controls were treated with A(1–7) or vehicle daily, subcutaneously for up to 16 weeks. Kidney injury was assessed by measuring blood flow in renal arteries, plasma creatinine levels, and proteinuria. Effects of treatment on oxidative stress were evaluated by histological staining and gene expression. Results. 16 weeks of daily administration of A(1–7) to a mouse model of severe type 2 diabetes (db/db) prevented the progression of kidney damage. Treatment with A(1–7) improved blood flow in the renal arteries, as well as decreased plasma creatinine levels and proteinuria in diabetic mice. Reduction of oxidative stress was identified as one of the mechanisms of the renoprotective action of A(1–7). Treatment prevented formation of nitrotyrosine residues, a marker of oxidative stress damage. A(1–7) also reduced the expression of two enzymes involved in formation of nitrotyrosine, namely, eNOS and NOX-4. A(1–7) regulated the phosphorylation pattern of eNOS to enhance production of NO in diabetic animals, possibly through the Akt pathway. However, these elevated levels of NO did not result in increased nitrosylation, possibly due to reduced NOX-4 levels. Conclusions. Long-term administration of A(1–7) improved kidney function and reduced oxidative stress damage in db/db mice.

scholarly journals RENAL FUNCTION DURING CHRONIC ANEMIA IN MAN

Blood ◽  
1947 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
STANLEY E. BRADLEY ◽  
GERALDINE P. BRADLEY
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Fraction ◽  
Chronic Anemia

Abstract 1. Renal function has been studied quantitatively in 15 patients with chronic anemia, 8 of whom were proved to have pernicious anemia. In 7 the anemia was secondary to chronic blood loss, iron deficiency, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and leukemia. The effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate were measured by clearance technics; and tubular function, by saturation methods (diodrast Tm and glucose Tm). 2. The effective renal plasma flow, the glomerular filtration rate, and the filtration fraction (percentage of plasma filtered at the glomerulus) were reduced slightly below the normal values in most subjects. The effective renal whole blood flow was always greatly reduced, by 46 per cent on the average in males and by 31.8 per cent in females. 3. Since arterial pressure was not significantly depressed it was concluded that renal vasoconstriction occurs in chronic anemia, possibly as a homeostatic device for the diversion of blood to tissues more sensitive to oxygen lack. The relatively small reduction of filtration fraction implies afferent and efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction with dominance by the afferent arterioles. These changes were shown to be reversible, a return to normal values paralleling the return of the blood picture to normal. 4. Diodrast Tm was reduced significantly in 9 of 10 patients while the values of glucose Tm were normal in 6 of 7 patients. The normal values for glucose Tm indicated continued operation of all glomeruli and implied the absence of shunting or of cessation of blood flow in any significant portion of the kidney. The fall in diodrast Tm, which appeared to be reversible in 2 of 4 individuals, was interpreted as evidence of intracellular dysfunction rather than destruction or inactivation of nephrons.

PAH extraction and estimation of plasma flow in human postischemic acute renal failure

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (2) ◽  
pp. F312-F318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine Corrigan ◽  
Deepa Ramaswamy ◽  
Osun Kwon ◽  
F. Graham Sommer ◽  
Edward J. Alfrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Renal Allograft ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Pah Clearance ◽  
Normal Controls

We determined the effect of postischemic injury to the human renal allograft on p-aminohippurate (PAH) extraction (EPAH) and renal blood flow. We evaluated renal function in 44 allograft recipients on two occasions: 1–3 h after reperfusion ( day 0) and again on postoperative day 7. On day 0 subsets underwent intraoperative determination of renal blood flow ( n = 35) by Doppler flow meter and EPAH( n = 25) by renal venous assay. Blood flow was also determined in another subset of 16 recipients on postoperative day 7 by phase contrast-cine-magnetic resonance imaging, and EPAH was computed from the simultaneous PAH clearance. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) on day 7 was used to divide subjects into recovering ( n = 23) and sustained ( n = 21) acute renal failure (ARF) groups, respectively. Despite profound depression of GFR in the sustained ARF group, renal plasma flow was only slightly depressed, averaging 296 ± 162 ml ⋅ min−1 ⋅ 1.73 m−2 on day 0 and 202 ± 72 ml ⋅ min−1 ⋅ 1.73 m−2 on day 7, respectively. These values did not differ from corresponding values in the recovering ARF group: 252 ± 133 and 280 ± 109 ml ⋅ min−1 ⋅ 1.73 m−2, respectively. EPAH was profoundly depressed on day 0, averaging 18 ± 14 and 10 ± 7% in recovering and sustained ARF groups, respectively, vs. 86 ± 6% in normal controls ( P < 0.001). Corresponding values on day 7remained significantly depressed at 65 ± 20 and 11 ± 22%, respectively. We conclude that postischemic injury to the renal allograft results in profound impairment of EPAH that persists for at least 7 days, even after the onset of recovery. An ensuing reduction in urinary PAH clearance results in a gross underestimate of renal plasma flow, which is close to the normal range in the initiation, maintenance, and recovery stages of this injury.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document