Predictors of perirenal haematoma post-percutaneous ultrasound-guided renal biopsy

Objective To perform a prospective study to determine the risk factors associated with perirenal haematoma development after percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB). Methods This multivariate prospective study collected demographic and clinical data from all consecutive adult patients that underwent real-time ultrasound-guided PRB of native kidneys. All biopsies were performed by two well-trained ultrasound physicians using 16G biopsy needles. Routine renal ultrasounds were performed within 12–24 h after biopsies in order to observe post-biopsy perirenal haematoma formation. Patients were stratified based on the occurrence of post-biopsy haematoma development. Results This prospective study enrolled 218 patients and stratified them into a haematoma group ( n = 126) and a non-haematoma group ( n = 92). Binary logistic regression analysis identified female patients (odds ratio [OR] 1.990; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.125, 3.521), patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥28 kg/m2 (OR 2.660; 95% CI 1.097, 6.449) and patients with immediate post-biopsy active bleeding (IPAB) (OR 2.572; 95% CI 1.422, 4.655) as being more likely to have perirenal haematoma after real-time ultrasound guided PRB of native kidneys. Conclusion Female sex, a BMI ≥28 kg/m2 and IPAB were risk factors for perirenal haematoma after real-time ultrasound-guided PRB of native kidneys.