Distant Metastases from Thyroid Carcinomas

1967 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natale Cascinelli ◽  
Cesare Bartoli ◽  
Maurizio Turm
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
National Cancer Institute ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Skeletal Metastases ◽  
Lung Involvement ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
High Incidence

From 1928 to 1965, 383 cases of thyroid carcinoma were studied at the National Cancer Institute of Milan; among these cases 113 had distant metastases. The metastases were more frequent in patients aged fro 60 to 69. The female/male ratio was about 2:1. The lesions were more often in the skeleton (74 cases) and in the lungs (64 cases). Since a high incidence of skeletal metastases without lung involvement has been observed, the authors postulate that metastatic spread from thyroid carcinoma may occur also through vertebral veins. In undifferentiated carcinomas distant metastases occur quite early (87 % at 5 years). On the contrary, in differentiated carcinomas, metastases occur later: after 5 years from thyroidectomy in 31 per cent of patients with follicular carcinomas metastases were found and in 74 per cent after 10 years. In papillary carcinomas the percentage is 17 and 52 after 5 and 10 years respectively. Among 113 cases with distant metastases, 50 showed the first metastatic localization to the regional lymph nodes; this occurrence was found to be more frequent in papillary and unidifferentiated carcinomas (χ2 = 11.805).

Metastases to the regional lymph nodes, lymph node recurrence, and distant metastases in nonadvanced papillary thyroid carcinoma

Surgery Today ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiminori Sugino ◽  
Yoshio Kure ◽  
Hiroyuki Iwasaki ◽  
Osamu Ozaki ◽  
Takashi Mimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymph Node Recurrence

scholarly journals A Pro-Tumorigenic Effect of Heparanase 2 (Hpa2) in Thyroid Carcinoma Involves Its Localization to the Nuclear Membrane

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itai Margulis ◽  
Inna Naroditsky ◽  
Miriam Gross-Cohen ◽  
Neta Ilan ◽  
Israel Vlodavsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Nuclear Membrane ◽  
Tumor Metastasis ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Normal Thyroid

Activity of the endo-beta-glucuronidase heparanase, capable of cleaving heparan sulfate (HS), is most often elevated in many types of tumors, associating with increased tumor metastasis and decreased patients’ survival. Heparanase is therefore considered to be a valid drug target, and heparanase inhibitors are being evaluated clinically in cancer patients. Heparanase 2 (Hpa2) is a close homolog of heparanase that gained very little attention, likely because it lacks HS-degrading activity typical of heparanase. The role of Hpa2 in cancer was not examined in detail. In head and neck cancer, high levels of Hpa2 are associated with decreased tumor cell dissemination to regional lymph nodes and prolonged patients’ survival, suggesting that Hpa2 functions to attenuate tumor growth. Here, we examined the role of Hpa2 in normal thyroid tissue and in benign thyroid tumor, non-metastatic, and metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) utilizing immunostaining in correlation with clinicopathological parameters. Interestingly, we found that Hpa2 staining intensity does not significantly change in the transition from normal thyroid gland to benign, non-metastatic, or metastatic thyroid carcinoma. Remarkably, we observed that in some biopsies, Hpa2 is accumulating on the membrane (envelop) of the nucleus and termed this cellular localization NM (nuclear membrane). Notably, NM localization of Hpa2 occurred primarily in metastatic PTC and was associated with an increased number of positive (metastatic) lymph nodes collected at surgery. These results describe for the first time unrecognized localization of Hpa2 to the nuclear membrane, implying that in PTC, Hpa2 functions to promote tumor metastasis.

scholarly journals Sarcoid Reaction in Thyroid Diseases: Report of a Case of Thyroid Carcinoma Demonstrating Sarcoid Reaction in Regional Lymph Nodes.

1997 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAKOTO KOMATSU ◽  
NOBUO ITOH ◽  
MASANOBU YAZAWA ◽  
SHINYA KOBAYASHI ◽  
KAZUAKI INOUE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Sarcoid Reaction

scholarly journals Endosonography for Rectal Carcinoma: Preoperative TNM Staging Compared to Histology

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 537-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
TL Tio ◽  
PPLO Coene
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Rectal Carcinoma ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Tnm Staging ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Irradiation Therapy ◽  
Tissue Changes

Transreccal endosonography was performed preoperatively in 58 patients with rectal carcinoma. The results of endosonography were compared to the histology of resected specimens according to the new (1987) TNM (tumour, nodes, metastases) classification. Endosonography was accurate in the staging of tumour categories except with T2 carcinomas because of concomitant peritoneal abscesses, inflammation or tissue changes after irradiation therapy. The overall accuracy of endosonography was 81 %. Overstaging occurred in 17% and understaging in 2%. The accuracy of endosonography for staging regional lymph nodes was 74%, sensitivity was 95% and specificity 61 %. Endosonography was not accurate in the staging of distant metastases due to the limited penetration depth of ultrasound used. In conclusion, endosonography will become the standard for staging rectal carcinoma.

scholarly journals MODERN METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS OF MAMMARY TUMOR AND TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS IN CATS

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (391) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
G.P. Dyulger ◽  
P.G. Dyulger ◽  
O. Alikhanov ◽  
E.S. Latynina ◽  
D.A. Baimukanov
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tnm System ◽  
High Level

The paper provides an overview of the classification and diagnosis of feline mammary tumors (FMT) in cats. The clinical stage of neoplastic process is one of the driving prognostic factors. In accordance with the WHO recommendations 1980, it is determined by the TNM system: the size of neoplasm, the state of regional lymph nodes and the presence/absence of distant metastases. The clinical stage of the disease is defined based on the obtained data during the examination, surgery and study of the postoperative material (excised tumor, the edges of the resection and regional lymph nodes). It was found that tumors larger than 3 cm have a significantly worse prognosis than tumors smaller than 3 cm. The median survival with a tumor size of less than 3 cm is 1.75 times greater (21 months versus 12 months) than with a tumor size of more than 3 cm. The most significant morphological prognostic factor is the histological type of malignant tumor and the histological gradation of tumor tissue. Among carcinomas, the most invasive are micropapillary, solid and cribriform carcinomas, the most unaggressive is carcinoma in situ. Adverse prognostic factors of mammary cancer in cats are a high Ki67 index of proliferative activity, hyperexpression of Her-2 epidermal growth factor, cyclooxygenase-2, absence or low level of expression of receptors to estrogen and/or progesterone by tumor cells (less than 10%), as well as a high level of expression by tumor cells of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor).

scholarly journals A case of papillary thyroid cancer with soft tissue metastasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 3425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayan Stephen ◽  
Mebin B. Thomas ◽  
Mathew B. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Metastatic Tumour ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Soft Tissue Metastasis ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes

Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common thyroid malignancy, and although metastatic spread is typically confined to regional lymph nodes, there are rare documented cases of distant spread of disease. Distant metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer are unusual; lung and bones are the most frequently affected sites. Soft tissue metastases are extremely rare. Here we present an unusual case of soft tissue metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer to skeletal muscle. Soft tissue metastasis is rarely seen in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Differentiated thyroid carcinoma, although generally clinically indolent, may occasionally develop distant metastases and even manifest itself as a metastatic tumour.

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