Pretrial Detainees, Sentenced Prisoners, and Treatment Motivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 2693-2712
Author(s):  
Michael Weinrath ◽  
Jillian Carrington ◽  
Caroline Tess
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
General Level ◽  
Treatment Motivation ◽  
Strong Motivation ◽  
Demographic Attributes ◽  
Family Pressure ◽  
Motivation For Treatment

A dilemma for corrections practitioners is treatment for pretrial detainees. They are innocent until proven guilty and are not required to take treatment, but many may benefit from intervention. To assess the general level of treatment interest and potential differences, a sample of 221 male remand and sentenced Canadian provincial prisoners completed several Client Evaluation of Self and Treatment (CEST) scales. Prisoner treatment motivation and its correlates were assessed by examining univariate, bivariate, and multivariate effects for demographic attributes, legal factors, risk, perceptions of personal/family/pressure for treatment, and depression. It was found that about 36% to 40% of study subjects expressed moderate to strong motivation for treatment. Age, pressure, and depression were the only correlates consistently associated with treatment motivation. There were no differences found between remand and sentenced prisoners. Results indicated that pretrial detainees have a definite interest in undertaking programming.

Correlates of motivation for treatment among alcohol service users in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kalema ◽  
Lore Van Damme ◽  
Sofie Vindevogel ◽  
Ilse Derluyn ◽  
Peter Baguma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Longitudinal Impact ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Treatment Motivation ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Addiction Severity ◽  
Motivation For Treatment ◽  
External Motivation

Purpose Given the scarce literature on alcohol use disorders (AUD) and their treatment in developing countries, this paper aims to explore motivation levels and their correlates among alcohol service users in two residential treatment centres in Kampala, Uganda. This study how motivation levels of Ugandan alcohol service users compare with those from American studies; and the specific factors affecting internal and external motivation in the Ugandan context. Design/methodology/approach The motivation for treatment was measured among 100 individuals entering AUD treatment using the Texas Christian University (TCU) Treatment needs and Motivation scale. The WHOQoL–BREF, Addiction Severity Index–6 and Hopkins Symptoms Check List–37 were used to measure addiction severity, quality of life (QoL) and psychopathology, respectively. Correlates of motivation were identified using linear regression analyses. Findings Ugandan service users demonstrated low treatment motivation in the treatment needs a domain. While addiction severity (recent heavy alcohol use) and participating in private treatment were associated with higher internal and external motivation, deterioration in physical and environmental QoL, depressive symptoms and lower education were linked with higher internal motivation. Research limitations/implications Different elements affect domains of treatment motivation, requiring attention for clients’ unique needs as influenced by their background, addiction severity, QoL, psychological needs and contextual factors (e.g. treatment setting). Further studies are needed to explore additional correlates of motivation for treatment among alcohol service users in Uganda and to assess the longitudinal impact of motivation on treatment outcomes. Originality/value Although motivation has been extensively studied, clinicians are challenged in understanding and explaining motivational dynamics given the multiplicity of factors influencing change-related decisions and behaviours and the diversity in substance-using populations. This need is even bigger in non-Western societies as cultural differences may require differential therapeutic management. This is one of the first studies measuring motivation for AUD treatment in a low-income country and offers insight for understanding motivation dynamics in similar settings.

scholarly journals Do Demographic Traits Matter? Backpackers’ Information Technology and Destination-Related Risk Concerns Towards Smartphone Usage

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Frederick Dayour
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Travel Experience ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Demographic Traits ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Risks Factors ◽  
Demographic Attributes

A number of risks are associated with the use of mobile phones. However, there is still a paucity of evidence on the extent to which demographics influence risk perceptions of smartphone usage. This paper examines backpackers’ perceived risk of smartphone usage and the extent to which demographic attributes influence risk perceptions. A survey involving 567 backpackers was conducted in Ghana. The CFA, ANOVA and independent samples t-test were used to analyse the data. The study showed the relevance of coalescing information technology and destination risks factors in measuring perceived risks towards smartphone usage before assessing the effects of demographics on perceived risk. Importantly, backpackers’ risk perceptions are a function of their demographic traits, such as sex, age, education, income, occupation, continent of origin and travel experience. The theoretical and managerial implications of the study are discussed.

scholarly journals The subjective concept of morbidity: its assessment and connection with the motivation for treatment in persons who underwent psychosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
N. B. Lutova ◽  
M. Y. Sorokin ◽  
O. V. Makarevich ◽  
V. D. Wied
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Medication Compliance ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Treatment Motivation ◽  
Subjective Meaning ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Compensatory Reactions ◽  
Motivation For Treatment

Medication compliance and motivation for treatment, as adaptive- compensatory reactions of patients to the awareness of the fact of their own ill- being, are based on subjective perception of the disorder. To date, there is a shortage of objective methods for assessing the subjective concept of morbidity in psychotic patients.160 inpatients with psychosis in anamnesis were examined: nosologically according ICD-10 80%—F2, 11%—F3, 9%—F0. A self-questionnaire was adapted to the Russian language for determining the subjective meaning and significance of psychosis (Susi). The results of its internal and external (when compared with data on the severity of productive and negative symptoms, subjective assessment of the severity of the condition and treatment motivation of patients) validation are presented.Conclusions. The applicability of the concept of subjective morbidity in patients with mental disorders is shown. The role of the subjective attitude to the disease in case of its perception as a destructive life event is associated in patients with a violation of the structure of motivation for treatment. On the contrary, the ability of patients to form a subjective meaning of the disease can be considered as a guarantee of more intense therapeutic motivation.

scholarly journals Illness uncertainty and treatment motivation in type 2 diabetes patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Luís Alves Apóstolo ◽  
Catarina Sofia Castro Viveiros ◽  
Helena Isabel Ribeiro Nunes ◽  
Helena Raquel Faustino Domingues
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Treatment Motivation ◽  
Illness Uncertainty ◽  
Uncertainty In Illness ◽  
The Face ◽  
Motivation For Treatment

AIMS: To characterize the uncertainty in illness and the motivation for treatment and to evaluate the existing relation between these variables in individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHOD: Descriptive, correlational study, using a sample of 62 individuals in diabetes consultation sessions. The Uncertainty Stress Scale and the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire were used. RESULTS: The individuals with type 2 diabetes present low levels of uncertainty in illness and a high motivation for treatment, with a stronger intrinsic than extrinsic motivation. A negative correlation was verified between the uncertainty in the face of the prognosis and treatment and the intrinsic motivation. DISCUSSION: These individuals are already adapted, acting according to the meanings they attribute to illness. Uncertainty can function as a threat, intervening negatively in the attribution of meaning to the events related to illness and in the process of adaptation and motivation to adhere to treatment. Intrinsic motivation seems to be essential to adhere to treatment.

Effects of Monetary Incentives on Task Switching

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kleinsorge ◽  
Gerhard Rinkenauer
Keyword(s):  
Task Switching ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
General Level ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Switch Costs ◽  
Expectancy Effect ◽  
Reward Expectancy ◽  
Trial Basis

In two experiments, effects of incentives on task switching were investigated. Incentives were provided as a monetary bonus. In both experiments, the availability of a bonus varied on a trial-to-trial basis. The main difference between the experiments relates to the association of incentives to individual tasks. In Experiment 1, the association of incentives to individual tasks was fixed. Under these conditions, the effect of incentives was largely due to reward expectancy. Switch costs were reduced to statistical insignificance. This was true even with the task that was not associated with a bonus. In Experiment 2, there was a variable association of incentives to individual tasks. Under these conditions, the reward expectancy effect was bound to conditions with a well-established bonus-task association. In conditions in which the bonus-task association was not established in advance, enhanced performance of the bonus task was accompanied by performance decrements with the task that was not associated with a bonus. Reward expectancy affected mainly the general level of performance. The outcome of this study may also inform recently suggested neurobiological accounts about the temporal dynamics of reward processing.

Are you at risk? Perceptions of vulnerability to contagious and non-contagious diseases

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille D. Basilio ◽  
Kelli Byrnes ◽  
Angela G. Pirlott ◽  
Virginia S. Y. Kwan ◽  
Leona S. Aiken
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Contagious Diseases
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