scholarly journals Indigeneity and political economy: Class and ethnicity of the Guarani-Kaiowa

2020 ◽  
pp. 030981682095982
Author(s):  
Antonio Augusto Rossotto Ioris
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Spatial Trajectory ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Ontological and identitary questions affecting indigenous peoples are discussed through an assessment of the socio-spatial trajectory of the Guarani-Kaiowa of South America, employing an analytical framework centred around land, labour and ethnicity. These enhanced politico-economic categories provide important entry points for understanding the violence and exploitation perpetrated against indigenous groups, as well as their capacity to reclaim ancestral territory lost to development. Evidence indicates that ethnicity is integral to class-based processes, given that the advance of capitalist relations both presumes and produces difference and subordination. The case study in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul demonstrates that the Guarani-Kaiowa became refugees in their own land due to ethnic differences, but at the same time their labour has underpinned the regional economy to a considerable extent through interrelated mechanisms of peasantification and proleterianisation. Trends of exploitation and alienation have intensified in recent decades due to racism and socio-spatial segregation, but the action/reaction of subordinate groups has also been reinforced through references to their ethnicity.

scholarly journals Indigenous Labor and Land Resources: Guarani–Kaiowa’s Politico–Economic and Ethnic Challenges

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Antonio A. R. Ioris
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Complex Situation ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Spatial Asymmetries ◽  
Lived Spaces ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

The article deals with the meaning and the management of land-based resources by indigenous peoples, which are analyzed through an assessment of the lived spaces of the Guarani–Kaiowa indigenous people in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The discussion follows an analytical framework that is focused on land, labor and ethnicity. These interconnected politico-economic categories provide the basis for understanding the violence and exploitation perpetrated against indigenous groups, as well as their capacity to reclaim ancestral territories lost to extractivism and agribusiness development. Empirical results indicate that ethnicity is integral to labor and land management processes. In the case of the Guarani–Kaiowa, not only have they become refugees in their own lands due to racist discrimination, but also their labor has been incorporated in the regional economy through interrelated peasantification and proleterianization tendencies. The result is a complex situation that combines major socio-spatial asymmetries with the strategic, exploitative use of land and labor and the growing political contestation by the indigenous groups.

scholarly journals Sugarcane Industry Expansion and Changing Rural Labour Regimes in Mato Grosso do Sul (2000–2016)

2021 ◽  
pp. 217-238
Author(s):  
Kristina Lorenzen
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Green Development ◽  
Land Relations ◽  
Development Discourses ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Sugarcane Industry

AbstractThe objective of this chapter is to assess how the expanding production of biofuels as part of an emerging bioeconomy affects existing social inequalities in labour and land relations. A case study method was applied to investigate the growth of the sugarcane industry in Mato Grosso do Sul between 2000 and 2016. The analytical framework of social inequalities and a rural labour regime approach guided the research and data analysis. This chapter shows that the expansion of biofuels was propelled by an entanglement of global dynamics such as land grabbing and green development discourses, as well as national policies that fostered bioethanol production. The expansion of the sugarcane industry in Mato Grosso do Sul led to changes in existing labour regimes. The most striking changes were the increased but temporal semi-proletarianisation of peasants in agrarian reform settlements and the double exclusion of the Guarani-Kaiowá Indigenous people.

scholarly journals Ecological research should consider Indigenous peoples and stewardship

FACETS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 534-537
Author(s):  
Kyle A. Schang ◽  
Andrew J. Trant ◽  
Sara A. Bohnert ◽  
Alana M. Closs ◽  
Megan Humchitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Ecological Research ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Indigenous Group ◽  
Indigenous Territories ◽  
America South ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between Indigenous peoples and the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems has received increased attention in recent years. As a result, it is becoming more critical for researchers focusing on terrestrial ecosystems to work with Indigenous groups to gain a better understanding of how past and current stewardship of these lands may influence results. As a case study to explore these ideas, we systematically reviewed articles from 2008 to 2018 where research was conducted in North America, South America, and Oceania. Of the 159 articles included, 11 included acknowledgement of Indigenous stewardship, acknowledged the Indigenous Territories or lands, or named the Indigenous group on whose Territory the research was conducted. Within the scope of this case study, our results demonstrate an overall lack of Indigenous acknowledgement or consideration within the scope of our review. Given the recent advancements in our understanding of how Indigenous groups have shaped their lands, we implore researchers to consider collaboration among local Indigenous groups as to better cultivate relationships and foster a greater understanding of their ecosystems.

scholarly journals Epidemiological aspects of HIV infection and AIDS among indigenous populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Samara Vilas-Bôas Graeff ◽  
Renata Palópoli Pícolli ◽  
Rui Arantes ◽  
Vivianne De Oliveira Landgraf de Castro ◽  
Rivaldo Venâncio da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The State ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological aspects of HIV infection and AIDS among indigenous peoples of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: This is a descriptive epidemiological study on the occurrence and distribution of HIV infection and AIDS in the indigenous population assisted by the Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena (Indigenous Special Health District) Mato Grosso do Sul between 2001 and 2014, based on three secondary databases. Annual rates of HIV and AIDS detection and prevalence were calculated, considering case distribution according to village, Health Base Pole and sociodemographic variables. Accumulated rates of detection, mortality and case fatality were calculated by ethnic group and for the Health Base Pole with the highest number of cases. RESULTS: The HIV detection rate fluctuated between 0.0 and 18.0/100 thousand people in the study period. For AIDS, there was no notification before 2007, but in 2012 its rate reached 16.6/100 thousand. HIV prevalence grew between 2001 and 2011, and it continuously grew for AIDS starting from 2007. The highest HIV detection rates occurred among Guarani peoples (167.1/100 thousand) and for AIDS, among the Kaiowá peoples (79.3/100 thousand); mortality and fatality rates were higher among the Kaiowá. Regarding the Dourados Health Base Pole, the AIDS detection rate increased, and the mortality and fatality rates decreased. CONCLUSIONS: HIV infection and AIDS have been increasing among indigenous peoples, with distribution of the disease mainly in the Health Base Poles of the southern region of the state, where greater economic and social vulnerability are also observed. The endemic character of HIV and AIDS can become epidemic in some years given the existence of cases in other villages in the state. Its occurrence among the Guarani and Kaiowá populations indicates the need for expanded diagnosis, access to treatment and prevention measures.

scholarly journals Nomes e sobrenomes dos guarani e kaiowá de Mato Grosso do Sul

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-66
Author(s):  
Andérbio Márcio Silva Martins ◽  
Neimar Machado de Sousa ◽  
Hemerson Vargas Catão ◽  
Fábio Conscianza
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Southern Cone ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Origin ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Nomes e sobrenomes guarani e kaiowá possuem uma origem histórica a partir do contato com os colonizadores europeus. Aos poucos, os nomes tradicionais estão entrando em desuso, do ponto de vista social, mas têm insistido a sua permanência do ponto de vista religioso, como uma espécie de proteção. Neste artigo, apresentamos um levantamento dos nomes civis de professores indígenas guarani e kaiowá que passaram pela Licenciatura Intercultural Indígena – Teko Arandu, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados – UFGD, Mato Grosso do Sul. O levantamento foi realizado a partir do Sistema de Controle de Turmas do Professor. Em seguida, à luz de fatos históricos e sociais, apresentamos as funções sociais dos nomes na atualidade e postulamos as possíveis origens dos sobrenomes, considerando o processo de colonização pelo qual passaram esses povos. Os resultados do estudo não abrangem a origem dos sobrenomes na sua individualidade, mas apresentam um panorama das condições históricas e sociais que puderam dar condições à existência dessa nova forma de nomear e de indicar pertencimento familiar entre os indígenas guarani e kaiowá do cone sul de Mato Grosso do Sul.First names and surnames of the Guarani and Kaiowá from Mato Grosso do Sul   AbstractGuarani and Kaiowá names and surnames have a historical origin from contact with European settlers. Gradually, traditional names are going into disuse from a social point of view, but their permanence from a religious point of view as a kind of protection remain. In this article, we present a survey of the civil names of indigenous guarani and kaiowá teachers who passed through the Indigenous Intercultural Degree – Teko Arandu, Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD, Mato Grosso do Sul. The survey was conducted from the Teacher's Class Control System. Then, in the light of historical and social facts, we present the social functions of the names today and postulate the possible origins of surnames, considering the process of colonization that these peoples went through. The results of the study do not cover the origin of surnames in their individuality, but present an overview of the historical and social conditions that could give conditions to the existence of this new way of naming and indicating family belonging among the Guarani and Kaiowá indigenous peoples of the southern cone of Mato Grosso do Sul.Keywords: Guarani; Kaiowá; Anthroponomical, Socioanthropomonatic.

Archives of Native Presence: Land Tenure Research on the Grand Ronde Reservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Kretzler
Keyword(s):  
Historic Preservation ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Scholarly Practice ◽  
Tribal Nations

Under the banner of indigenous and collaborative archaeologies, heritage professionals and indigenous peoples have developed new forms of scholarly practice. This work has begun to rectify the discipline's historical marginalization of indigenous groups but remains skewed toward academic projects. Less attention has been paid to the hundreds of Tribal Historic Preservation Offices within tribal nations. This article argues that tribal historic preservation provides needed insight to heritage managers of all stripes. Using the Grand Ronde Land Tenure Project as a case study, I discuss how tribally-driven archival research fosters new accounts of Native history and enhances tribes' capacity to care for cultural resources.

scholarly journals The economic feasibility of precision agriculture in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil: a case study

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia B. Silva ◽  
Sônia Maria Leite Ribeiro do Vale ◽  
Francisco A. C. Pinto ◽  
Carlos A. S. Müller ◽  
Altair D. Moura
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

scholarly journals Fair Value for Biological Assets: An Empirical Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Todescato Cavalheiro ◽  
Andréia Maria Kremer ◽  
Régio Marcio Toesca Gimenes
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Proposal A ◽  
International Accounting Standard ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Abstract In view of the difficulty in adopting the International Accounting Standard (IAS) 41, which determines the measurement of biological assets, this study aimed at empirically approaching a fair-value based methodology to evaluate biological assets, without an active market. In order to meet the study proposal, a case study with a quantitative approach was carried out to assess a soybean crop cultivated in the Mato Grosso do Sul State. Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) was the chosen evaluation method. Data collection was done through analysis of internal reports and semi-structured interviews. Few practical works detailing valuation of biological assets are available in the national and international literature; therefore, this is the main contribution of this work. Results suggest that besides using economic and accounting knowledge, it is advisable to consider agronomic knowledge since this type of information influences the valuation of biological assets in quantitative and qualitative terms. At the end, general comments and a research agenda are presented.

scholarly journals A acidentada história de três ações civis públicas em matéria de saneamento | The bumpy story of three public civil actions in sanitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-91
Author(s):  
Julia Iunes Monteiro ◽  
Ana Paula De Barcellos
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Health And Human Rights ◽  
Public Law Litigation ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Este artigo realiza uma análise do andamento processual de três ações civis públicas relativas a saneamento básico ajuizadas nos Municípios de Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul; Tubarão, Santa Catarina e Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo tem um duplo objetivo. Em primeiro lugar, trazer exemplos concretos e atualizados da pesquisa realizada por Ana Paula de Barcellos e disponível no artigo “Sanitation Rights, Public Law Litigation, and Inequality: A Case Study from Brazil”[1] no que diz respeito ao cumprimento das decisões judiciais proferidas em cada uma dessas ações, que determinavam a prestação de serviços de saneamento básico. Espera-se que a investigação qualitativa desses casos em particular possa colaborar na complementação dos dados quantitativos levantados pela pesquisa citada. O segundo objetivo do estudo é avaliar a existência e acessibilidade de informações acerca da execução das referidas decisões judiciais. As conclusões apuradas foram as seguintes: (i) existe um grande abismo entre a consagração judicial do direito e sua efetiva implementação na realidade; e (ii) os sites dos Tribunais não contém informações acerca da execução real das decisões judiciais nos casos examinados.[1] Artigo publicado no Health and Human Rights Journal nº 2, Vol, 16. December, 2014. Harvard University. Disponível em: https://cdn2.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2014/12/Barcellos-final.pdf

scholarly journals AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR – ESTUDO DE CASO NO ASSENTAMENTO TEIJIN, MUNICÍPIO DE NOVA ANDRADINA, MS/Family farms - case study in Teijin settlement, municipality of Nova Andradina, MS

REVISTA NERA ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 133-150
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Dettmer
Keyword(s):  
Family Farms ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

A busca por subsídios para construção de indicadores que sejam relevantes na gestão das unidades de produção agropecuárias é constante. Objetiva-se neste trabalho, identificar e analisar os principais indicadores socioeconômicos, na gestão de unidades de produção agropecuária do tipo familiar em assentamento de reforma agrária. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa com caráter exploratório e descritivo. Quanto aos procedimentos técnicos ou forma da coleta dos dados, a estratégia de pesquisa, utilizada, foi o levantamento a campo por meio de entrevista. Adotou-se também, estudos exploratórios, descritivos e documentais. Na amostra foram entrevistadas 59 famílias rurais do assentamento Teijin, Nova Andradina - Mato Grosso do Sul. Como principais atividades exploradas pelas famílias assentadas destacam-se: a produção do leite, praticada em 69,6% das UPA's, bovinos de corte em 6,8%, e a produção de hortifrutigranjeiros, mandioca. Também a atividade do part time é destaque. Cada Unidade de Produção Agropecuária possui uma área para exploração de 14,52 hectares. A sucessão familiar aparece como um dos principais indicadores que compromete a sustentabilidade das UPA's.

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