The Concept of Emancipation as Political Action (Marx, Arendt, Rancière)

The text attempts to rethink the concept of emancipation and how it is structured as political action, while describing its historical origins and how it is further understood by the three important political philosophers: Karl Marx, Hannah Arendt, and Jacques Rancière. All three of them – specifically and with substantial differences – understand politics as a space for political action that leads to emancipation in the name of equality. In order to determine the historical origin of the concept in more detail, the argumentation of the text rely upon its elaboration within the school of “conceptual history”, which deals with the historical semantics of terms and sees the etymology of and the change in the meaning of terms as forming a crucial basis for a contemporary cultural, conceptual, and linguistic understanding, and afterwards it links this “pre-history” with Marx’s, Arendt’s, and Rancière’s understanding of the concept of emancipation, and see how they differ and are related to each other, considering what theoretical conclusions about the concept of emancipation we can take from these relations. Particular interest is aimed at how the concept of emancipation is perceived today, who the subject of emancipation is, what the method and final goal of emancipation is, and, finally, how these understandings can help us in the present time when it seems that we need emancipation more than ever.

La dualitude comme identité mystique chez Henry Corbin

"Henry Corbin is the creator of many neologisms. The term imaginal, related to the phrase mundus imaginalis, is probably the best known among them. Few researchers have come to realize that the term dualitude is also a Corbinian neologism. By first exploring the historical origin of the term in Corbinian thought, I propose then to explain the metaphysical role given by him to the term, but also the way in which the concept ensures the coherence of “mystical identity”. As a matter of fact, Corbin places at the heart of “mystical identity” the principle of dualitude of the Self and the Ego. For Corbin, the metaphysical structure of monotheistic angelology rests on this principle and allows a personal relationship between the individual and the divine."

FROM CREATION OF THE UNIVERSE TO A WHALE RIDER: EXPLORING TRADITIONAL TALES IN THE DIGITAL PROMOTION OF NEW ZEALAND

The paper applied a content analysis method to examine how myths and legends have been employed by the promotional organization in portraying New Zealand on the official tourism website. The assessment of the website uncovered six main legends which have been presented in the promotion of New Zealand to potential tourists. These traditional tales have been incorporated into the website chiefly as part of Maori heritage attributes in which purakau (the Maori term for legends) represents among crucial aspects in understanding their worldviews and cultural identities. Legends narrating fishing voyages involving demi gods offers a mythological explanation of the origin of the geological formation of islands of New Zealand were presented more than once on the website. Among the legends presented to readers on the websites encompass stories of Tane Mahuta, which depicts the tale of the sky father, the earth mother, and the creation of the world of light that humans live in today. Another unique legend, Paikea the whale rider, is featured as part of the description of a whale-watching attraction in Kaikoura, Christchurch. The overall analysis uncovered that legendary tales are incorporated into the website as the part historical origin of Maori people and in the promotion of several tourist attractions in New Zealand. From a tourism perspective, the representation of these tales enhances the appeal of destinations and make them stand out to visitors. The inclusion of the purakau offers tourists a deeper understanding of the cultural heritage of this country. Furthermore, Maori worldviews on the creation of the universe and formation of the natural environment are transpired. It is noticeable through these legends that Maori people strongly respect their ancestors and highly appreciated natural resources. Finally, the emphasis on environmental conservation and sustainability as ingrained in the tales further supported the overall promotional tagline of 100% Pure New Zealand and the inclusion of Tiaki Promise a commitment to care for New Zealand, for now, and for future generations on the official tourism website.

The Evolutionary Origin and Biological Utility of Supernatural Expertise

<p>Recent psychological and cognitive research has explored the evolutionary origins of human religiosity. In this thesis, I explore the historical origin and social function of supernatural expertise. I define supernatural expertise as the act of acquiring and expressing supernatural knowledge. I critique several recent theories from evolutionary psychology and cognitive science by assessing the extent to which they can explain supernatural expertise. Costly signalling theory is the view that religious costs are adaptations that signal the cooperative intent of individuals. This theory cannot account for supernatural expertise as expressions of supernatural knowledge are typically linguistic, and one can verbally misrepresent one’s supernatural beliefs. Sexual selection theory explains how physiological or psychological traits can become exaggerated over time if they are preferred by mating partners. Sexual selection can explain an increase in the cognitive capacities necessary for the acquisition of supernatural knowledge. However, it cannot account for the complex nature of supernatural information. Cognitively optimal theory predicts that the religious information which persists within human populations should be easily transferred and recalled. The theory cannot account for any supernatural information which requires considerable effort to acquire. The modes theory explains religion in terms of memory systems and the social arrangements that humans have developed to mediate the exchange of religious ideas. These result in two modes of religiosity. The doctrinal mode of religiosity explains why supernatural experts exist, but not how supernatural expertise originated. I conclude by arguing for an innovative theory for supernatural expertise. I employ cognitively optimal theory to explain why some supernatural concepts are difficult to recall. I explain the signalling function of supernatural expertise in terms of the costly effort invested in the acquisition of supernatural information. I propose that sexual selection for the cognitive capacities to acquire supernatural knowledge has enhanced the ability to acquire such information; this necessitates an increase in the complexity of supernatural information which ensures cooperative commitment remains a predominant motivation for the acquisition of supernatural knowledge, in spite of enhanced cognitive ability. I discuss several social conditions that result from the doctrinal mode of religiosity and how they solve cooperation problems in dense populations.</p>

The Evolutionary Origin and Biological Utility of Supernatural Expertise

<p>Recent psychological and cognitive research has explored the evolutionary origins of human religiosity. In this thesis, I explore the historical origin and social function of supernatural expertise. I define supernatural expertise as the act of acquiring and expressing supernatural knowledge. I critique several recent theories from evolutionary psychology and cognitive science by assessing the extent to which they can explain supernatural expertise. Costly signalling theory is the view that religious costs are adaptations that signal the cooperative intent of individuals. This theory cannot account for supernatural expertise as expressions of supernatural knowledge are typically linguistic, and one can verbally misrepresent one’s supernatural beliefs. Sexual selection theory explains how physiological or psychological traits can become exaggerated over time if they are preferred by mating partners. Sexual selection can explain an increase in the cognitive capacities necessary for the acquisition of supernatural knowledge. However, it cannot account for the complex nature of supernatural information. Cognitively optimal theory predicts that the religious information which persists within human populations should be easily transferred and recalled. The theory cannot account for any supernatural information which requires considerable effort to acquire. The modes theory explains religion in terms of memory systems and the social arrangements that humans have developed to mediate the exchange of religious ideas. These result in two modes of religiosity. The doctrinal mode of religiosity explains why supernatural experts exist, but not how supernatural expertise originated. I conclude by arguing for an innovative theory for supernatural expertise. I employ cognitively optimal theory to explain why some supernatural concepts are difficult to recall. I explain the signalling function of supernatural expertise in terms of the costly effort invested in the acquisition of supernatural information. I propose that sexual selection for the cognitive capacities to acquire supernatural knowledge has enhanced the ability to acquire such information; this necessitates an increase in the complexity of supernatural information which ensures cooperative commitment remains a predominant motivation for the acquisition of supernatural knowledge, in spite of enhanced cognitive ability. I discuss several social conditions that result from the doctrinal mode of religiosity and how they solve cooperation problems in dense populations.</p>

New Documentary Film Seeks to Be “More Real”

After the birth of documentary film, the discussion of “fiction” and “non-fiction” has not stopped. Influenced by the ideological trend of postmodernism, “new documentary film” overturns the concept of traditional documentary film and believes that it is feasible and meaningful for documentary to take “fiction” as a means. Adhering to the “new” exploration of this documentary, the author discusses the historical origin of new documentary films, the authenticity of new documentary films at home and abroad and the creative techniques of new documentary films, in order to provide innovative support for the true publication of new documentary films.

Research on the Development of Liberalism and Nonsmoking Policy from the Perspective of Order and Happy Life

Based on human social order and good life, this paper first introduces the historical origin of western liberalism, combs the development process of liberalism, and finally points out that order is the basis of harmonious life of human society and liberalism. The same is true for the non-smoking policy. Smokers have the freedom to smoke, non-smokers also have the freedom to stay away from the source of smoke. However, their freedom cannot affect others' freedom to breathe fresh air. Freedom is not unlimited. Freedom is based on the premise of not interfering with the legitimate rights of others. This is the basic concept of modern society ruled by law. In other words, how to establish legal order or enjoy freedom under the framework of law. Liberalism is not only to achieve personal interests. If liberalism is completely like Hobbes's "jungle law", then each of us will always live in terror. Who is willing to live in such a society? Therefore, human happiness is the ultimate destination of liberalism. As Rousseau, a liberal and democratic thinker, said, "life is free, but without chains, there is no future". The same is true for the nonsmoking policy. It is necessary to establish the corresponding legal order or public order. The good life in this paper is also based on this social order.

1. Time until Newton

‘Time until Newton’ begins by describing the historical origin of calendars and mathematical ways of representing time. It discusses the Aristotelian worldview, which formed the dominant understanding of the Universe in the West from the time of Aristotle until the 17th century when Newton proposed his theory of motion. This was the first physical theory in the mathematical form that we expect nowadays and by making space and time subjects of scientific investigation Newton forever changed the way that people studied space and time. After the publication of his theory, a debate about whether space and time were entities or systems of relations broke out between Newton and the philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. A series of letters between Leibniz and the philosopher Samuel Clarke focusing on this question introduced the mathematical tools of symmetry and invariance that would become important in subsequent study of the structure of space and time.

Psychological and emotional complex of piano accompanist as a reflection of the PROFESSION EVOLUTION

Background. The article studies the accompanist culture as an artistic phenomenon. The accompanist art development processes at the given stage are distinguished by an intensive search for renewal of the content and means of musical expression, coupled with discoveries in composition practices, which puts forward new performance requirements. Scientific novelty is pre-determined by the tasks of detecting the historical origin of the organization of the “backgroundrelief” type in musical structures, specifying the stages of their development. Tracing back the origins of the art of accompanying allows us to reveal a variety of relationship models between the solo singing and accompanying function, which co-exist in various forms in modern artistic practices, thereby depicting the main professional qualities and skills of a piano accompanist. The purpose of this article is to discover the genesis of the types of accompanist art, their historical development, as well as to determine the components that form the basis of the professional activity of the accompanist and to identify major personal qualities characteristic to this profession. It should be noted that the issue of accompanist art is currently only passing the way of scientific comprehension, and we can distinguish a certain historical dynamics: from methodological developments to comprehending the role of an accompanist as an equal member of the ensemble, teacher and creator of original interpretations of compositions. Results of the research. The phenomenon of accompanist art is considered in the paper in terms of its connection with the general history of music. The history of accompaniment and the work of an accompanist should be recognized and studied, since the nature and role of the accompaniment depend on the era, nationality of music and its style. Concertmastering is one of those professions where the duties and modes of action are not clearly expressed, leaving the professional with the right to choose. A striking distinctive feature is the individual path of improvement and the final “bar” of mastery, determined by the traits of the character and personal aspirations of each accompanist. The article discusses the issue of the specific musical and psychological abilities of a concertmaster, which ensure compliance with professional requirements. Conclusions. The development of a theoretical concept of accompanist art will allow this profession to acquire the necessary completeness of permanent features and will open up new prospects for further study of methodological, practical and artistic aspects.

La distribución tradicional del agua del río Turia entre las acequias de la Huerta de Valencia: Un sistema de origen bajomedieval

The water of the Turia river has been traditionally distributed in the Huerta of Valencia among eight irrigation canals through a system of 138 filas, a measure of water capacity which nature is not clear. It is also unknown what is the historical origin of this system of water division and this is what we study in this article. Thomas F. Glick defended that it was a system of Andalusi origin, and proposed a reconstruction of the original system based on time shifts, but we try to demonstrate that this proposal cannot be correct, especially because it is based on a wrong interpretation of the nature of the row. Subsequently, we provide an alternative proposal on the origin of the distribution system in 138 filas that is based on the proportionality between the amount of water that each irrigation canal has and the amount of land irrigated by each hydraulic system, concluding that the distribution system of the Huerta de Valencia can only have been established shortly after the Christian conquest of the thirteenth century, when the Huerta was greatly expanded and rebuilt. Finally, we conclude that this is another evidence of the great changes that took place in irrigated cultivation spaces of Andalusi origin after the Christian conquests, contrary to what had been said so far.