Sodium Citrate: An Alternative Antacid for Prophylaxis against Aspiration Pneumonitis

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wrobel ◽  
T. C. Koh ◽  
J. M. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Gastric Ph ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gastric Contents ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia

In a double-blind study, 107 patients undergoing elective and emergency surgical procedures were given 15 ml of either sodium citrate 0ṁ3 M or placebo 10 minutes before induction of anaesthesia. Gastric contents were sampled immediately after induction and the pH was measured. The mean pH of the gastric contents of patients given sodium citrate was 5ṁ67, whereas for those given the placebo it was 3ṁ21 (p < 0ṁ001). Of patients given sodium citrate 92% had a gastric pH above 3ṁ0 compared with only 37% in the placebo group (p < 0ṁ001). At the end of surgery gastric contents were emptied as completely as possible and the volume and pH measured. There was no significant difference in the mean volume of gastric contents in the two groups. In neither group was the mean pH at the end of surgery significantly different from that after induction.

Pyridoxine is not effective for the prevention of hand foot syndrome (HFS) associated with capecitabine therapy: Results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9007-9007 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lee ◽  
S. Lee ◽  
Y. Chun ◽  
M. Kim ◽  
H. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Chemotherapy Regimen ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hand Foot Syndrome ◽  
Version 2.0 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
To Receive

9007 Introduction: Although pyridoxine has been used empirically for the prevention of HFS associated with capecitabine, its efficacy has not been proven yet. We performed a prospective randomized double-blind study to determine whether pyridoxine can prevent the development of HFS when given concurrently with capecitabine. Method: Chemotherapy-naive patients (pts) with gastrointestinal tract cancers who were going to have capecitabine-containing chemotherapy were randomized to receive either oral pyridoxine (200 mg/day) or placebo daily during chemotherapy after stratified by chemotherapy regimen: 1) capecitabine alone, 2) capecitabine and cisplatin, or 3) docetaxel, capecitabine, and cisplatin. The patients were observed until grade 2 or 3 HFS (by NCI CTC version 2.0) developed or capecitabine containing chemotherapy ended. When grade 2 or 3 HFS developed in pts in placebo group, the pts were randomized again to receive either pyridoxine or placebo for next cycle of chemotherapy in order to determine whether pyridoxine could improve the HFS. Result: From Jun 2004 to Oct 2005, total 389 pts were entered onto the study. But, 29 pts (15 in placebo group and 14 in pyridoxine group) were excluded from the study because of ineligibility or pts’ refusal. Pts’ characteristics were well balanced between the 2 groups. Grade 2 or 3 HFS developed in 55 of 180 (30.6%) pts in placebo group and in 57 of 180 (31.7%) pts in pyridoxine group. (p=0.788) The median cycles of chemotherapy to grade 2 or 3 HFS was 3 in both groups. The mean cumulative dose of capecitabine until occurrence of grade 2 or 3 HFS was not different statistically between the two groups. (221,157.5 mg/m2 vs. 259,808.5 mg/m2, p=0.788). Total 44 of 55 pts in placebo group who had grade 2 or 3 HFS were randomized to receive either placebo or pyridoxine at next cycle. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the proportion of pts with improvement of HFS (43% vs 48%, p=0.94). Conclusion: These results indicated that pyridoxine is not effective for the prevention of HFS associated with capecitabine therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

The Effect of Silicol Gel Compared with Placebo on Papulopustular Acne and Sebum Production. A Double-Blind Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lassus
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Concomitant Treatment ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Area 5 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Face ◽  
Sebum Production ◽  
The Mean

Altogether 30 patients (19 females and 11 males), mean age 19 years, were divided randomly into two groups. All patients had chronic papulopustular acne of the face. A total of 15 patients were treated topically with Silicol gel for 20 min twice daily for 6 weeks and the remaining 15 patients were treated with a placebo gel in a similar fashion. A clinical evaluation was carried out at baseline, and after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment. The clinical variables evaluated were as follows: number of comedones, papules, pustules and cysts on a standard area of the left cheek (area 5 × 5 cm) and measurement of sebum production on the same area by the use of Sebumeter SM 810 PC (Courage and Khazaka, Ltd, Germany). No concomitant treatment was allowed during the study period. One patient using Silicol gel withdrew after 2 weeks of treatment because of severe irritation of the facial skin, leaving 29 patients who could be evaluated. In the active group, the number of comedones decreased from a mean of 48.5 to 15.1 after 6 weeks of treatment. The corresponding figures for papules were 10.7 and 1.0, for pustules 6.8 and 0, and for cysts 0.6 and 0. In the placebo group no improvement could be observed. There was a highly significant difference in efficacy between the two groups ( P < 0.001) in favour of the actively treated group. The mean sebum index was 193 at baseline and 88 after 6 weeks. Correspondingly, in the placebo group the mean sebum index at baseline was 187 and after 6 weeks 179. This difference between the two groups was also statistically significant ( P < 0.001). After a short follow-up period (3 months) no deterioration was observed in the 14 ‘active’ patients, showing either complete cure or improvement.

The role of tolvaptan in prevention of hyponatremia in patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate surgery- A randomized double blind study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-325
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar Singh ◽  
B B Baj ◽  
Vipin Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Transurethral Resection ◽  
Blind Study ◽  
Transurethral Resection Of Prostate ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

The aim of our study to determine the role of tolvaptan in prevention of hyponatremia in transurethral resection of prostate surgery. This is randomized double-blind study conducted in 60 ASA grade status 1 and 2 patients age group between 45-80 yrs undergoing TURP under spinal anaesthesia in urology operation theatre in Mahatma Gandhi hospital Jaipur after receiving permission from hospital ethical committee. A detailed history, complete physical examination and routine investigation were done for all patients followed by informed written consent was obtained. Patients are randomly divided into 2 groups. In group A -30 patients who received orally tab tolvaptan 15 mg and group B-30 patients who received orally tab multivitamin 2 hrs before surgery after doing electrolytes of the patients in the morning. In both groups age (in yrs), wt (in kg), ASA grade, volume of irrigating fluid (in litres), volume of prostate resected (in gm) and duration of surgery (in minutes) all demographic and surgical details data were compared. Electrolytes were compared in both groups pre and post-operatively and statistical analysis was done.There was significant difference in post-operative sodium level between the two groups (A and B). The mean level of sodium significantly reduced post-operatively in group –B (control grp). The mean level of sodium significantly increased post-operatively in group –A (tolvaptan grp). We conclude single dose of tolvaptan -15 mg found to effective in prevention of hyponatremia in patients undergoing TURP.

scholarly journals Comparing the Efficacy of Topical Metformin and Placebo in the Treatment of Melasma: A Randomized, Double-blind, Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Mapar ◽  
Ali Asghar Hemmati ◽  
Ghazal Namdari
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
Metformin Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
P 16 ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Generally affecting women, melasma is the acquired disorder of hyperpigmentation, and researches are still ongoing to find an effective, fast, and low-side-effect drug treating this disease. The present study is aimed at comparing the efficacy of topical metformin and placebo in the treatment of melasma. Methods: Sixty patients with melasma were treated in placebo and topical metformin recipient groups in a double-blind clinical trial. In addition to the demographic and laboratory findings of patients before and after the intervention, the MASI Score of patients in weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12 of the study and then one month after the study were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: The mean age of the studied patients was 35.25 ± 7.11 years. No significant difference was observed between the phenotypes (P= .49) and the type of melasma (P= .63) in the two groups. The mean MASI score of patients at the time of being included in the study in the placebo group was 10.47 ± 3.08; and in the metformin group, it was 11.93 ± 4.64 (P = .16). Compared to the beginning of the study, the MASI scores were significantly decreased in both groups of placebo (P = .00) and metformin (P = .00) one month after the end of the study; nevertheless, no statistically significant difference was observed between the MASI Scores of two groups in any of the study periods (P > .05). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that metformin cream significantly declines the patients’ MASI score and does not have any effect on patients’ laboratory markers. Of course, no significant difference was observed between the MASI scores of the patients receiving metformin and the placebo group; however, the MASI score decrease trend continued until the 12th week; while in the placebo group, no significant decrease was seen after eight weeks.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Synbiotics for Treatment of Bacillary Dysentery in Children: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manijeh Kahbazi ◽  
Marzieh Ebrahimi ◽  
Nader Zarinfar ◽  
Mohammad Arjomandzadegan ◽  
Taha Fereydouni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Bacillary Dysentery ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
The Mean

Bacillary dysentery is a major cause of children’s admission to hospitals. To assess the probiotic and prebiotic (synbiotics) effects in children with dysentery in a randomized clinical trial, 200 children with dysentery were studied in 2 groups: the synbiotic group received 1 tablet/day of synbiotic for 3–5 days and the placebo group received placebo tablets (identical tablet form like probiotics). The standard treatment was administered for all patients. Duration of hospitalization, dysentery, fever, and the weight loss were assessed in each group. It was concluded that there was no significant difference in both groups in the baseline characteristics. The mean duration of dysentery reduced (P<0.05). The mean duration of fever has been significantly reduced in the synbiotic group (1.64±0.87days) in comparison to the placebo group (2.13±0.94days) (P<0.001). Average amount of weight loss was significantly lower in the synbiotic group in comparison to that in the placebo group (129.5±23.388grams and278±28.385grams, resp.;P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean duration of hospitalization in both groups (P>0.05). The use of synbiotics as an adjuvant therapy to the standard treatment of dysentery significantly reduces the duration of dysentery, fever, and rate of weight losses. The trial is registered withIRCT201109267647N1.

A Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Alprazolam and Desipramine in Depressed Outpatients

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 590-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Remick ◽  
F. Douglas Keller ◽  
R.A. Buchanan ◽  
R.E. Gibson ◽  
J.A.E. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Active Drug ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Drug Study ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
The Mean

Fifty-two adult depressed outpatients fulfilling Research Diagnostic Criteria for Definite Major Depressive Disorder were enrolled in a double-blind study comparing the antidepressant effects of alprazolam versus desipramine. Twenty-nine patients completed the seven week (one week placebo followed by six weeks of active drug) study. The mean daily dose of alprazolam and desipramine at study termination was 3.34 mg and 192 mg respectively. Based on psychometric ratings of depression (Hamilton Scale) and severity of illness (Clinical Global Impressions) there was no significant difference between alprazolam and desipramine at the end of six weeks of active drug treatment. Both medications were well tolerated with drowsiness being the most common side effect of alprazolam, and insomnia, dry mouth, and constipation, the complaints most associated with desipramine.

scholarly journals Hemodynamic response in laparoscopic cholecystectomy after magnesium sulphate versus clonidine administration

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 3239
Author(s):  
Vijaya P. Borkar Patil ◽  
Mayuri Ganeshrao Tambakhe ◽  
Sunil Shankarrao Lawhale ◽  
Jayshree J. Upadhye
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Magnesium Sulphate ◽  
Hemodynamic Response ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Vasopressin Release ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: Magnesium and clonidine both inhibit catecholamine and vasopressin release. They also attenuate hemodynamic response to pneumoperitoneum.Methods: This randomized double-blind study was designed to assess which agent attenuates hemodynamic stress response to pneumoperitoneum better in 70 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Results: After the administration of drug, heart rate in group M was mean 84.29 while in group C was mean 79.89. Thus, there was more fall in Heart rate in C group. After intubation, heart rate at 1min, 3 min, 5 min was 101.20, 96.69, 93.94 respectively in group M and in C group was 96.37, 85.83, 86.17 respectively with p values (0.12, 0.001, 0.008). After giving drug, there was fall in blood pressure in both groups but in C group, there was significant fall in systolic blood pressure. There was no significant difference in the mean diastolic BP in both the groups immediately at intubation (76.17±10.74 for group M and 78.86±10.48 for group C with p>0.05) as also at 3 min (63.29±8.76 for M group and 65.14±11.705 for clonidine with p>0.05) and 5 min (63.03±7.909 for magnesium sulphate and 67.69±13.588 for clonidine with p>0.05) following intubation. Thus, the rise in mean diastolic BP was statistically similar in both Group M and Group C. There was no significant difference in the mean for MAP in both the groups immediately at intubation (88.86±12.76 for magnesium sulphate and 91.74±11.59 for clonidine) as also at 3 min (73.17±10.019 for M and 75.80±12.849 for C group. But at 5 min (71.71±9.11 for magnesium sulphate and 77.66±13.715 for clonidine) following intubation with p<0.05 which is significant.Conclusions: Administration of magnesium sulfate or clonidine attenuates hemodynamic response to pneumoperitoneum. Although magnesium sulfate produces hemodynamic stability comparable to clonidine, clonidine blunts the hemodynamic response to pneumoperitoneum more effectively.

scholarly journals PREVENTION OF PAIN ON PROPOFOL INJECTION

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 405-410
Author(s):  
IMRAN MAHMOOD ◽  
MUSARRAT YASMINE
Keyword(s):  
Study Drug ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Injection Pain ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Key Words Propofol ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Pretreatment Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia

ABSTRACT… Background: Propofol is wonderful drug for short duration procedures. However, pain on injection of propofol, which has been reported to occur in 28-90% of patients, is a major drawback to its use. Different methods have been used to decrease this pain but intravenous lignocaine is most commonly used pretreatment. Period:................... Methods: A comparative, randomized, double blind study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of three drugs for prevention of pain on propofol injection on induction of  anaesthesia. 100 patients of ASA status 1 and 2 posted for General Surgery were allocated randomly in four groups of 25 each, using computer- generated table of random numbers. Venous occlusion was made with tourniquet for one minute. The study drug intravenous lignocaine 1% 2ml (group1), Ketamine 10mg(group2), Dexamethasone 4mg in 2ml (group 3) or normal saline 2ml (group 4) was administered over 10 seconds according to random number. There after occlusion was released and intravenous propofol was given. After the first 25% of propofol given, patients were asked for intensity of pain they experienced.Conclusion: It was concluded that Lignocaine, Ketamine and Dexamethasone significantly reduces the pain induced by Propofol injection pain as compared to Placebo but there is no difference in efficacy for prevention of pain among these three groups Key words: Propofol, pain, intravenous injection.Results: Lignocaine, Ketamine and Dexamethasone significantly reduces the pain on propofol injection in comparison to placebo, but there was no significant difference in pain score among groups 1, 2, 3. There was no significant difference in recall of pain among groups 1, 2, and 3. Although there was significant difference between placebo group and other three groups

scholarly journals Effect of Intravenous Lignocaine in Attenuating Dexamethasone Induced Perineal Pruritus During Induction of Anesthesia

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 144-147
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sazzad Hossain ◽  
Md Afzalur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Mamunur Rashid ◽  
Mohammad Ifta Khairul Hasan ◽  
Muhammad Alamgir Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Intravenous dexamethasone may produce perineal pruritus in some patients when administered as premedicant before induction of anesthesia. Objectives of study: This randomized, double-blind study was done to evaluate the efficacy of pretreatment of lignocaine on the incidence and severity of dexamethasone-induced perineal pruritus. Materials and methods: 100 patients were enrolled in this study and allocated randomly into two equal groups. Then, patients received intravenous medications in the following sequence before induction of anesthesia: in group I, injection lignocaine 1mg/kg diluted in 5 ml normal saline and in group II, 5 ml normal saline (placebo group), then one minute later, intravenous dexamethasone sodium phosphate 10 mg was given in all groups in 3 seconds and was observed the patient's response about perineal pruritus. The severity of perineal pruritus was graded based on the visual analog scale (VAS) as none (VAS 0), mild (VAS 1-3), moderate (VAS 4-6), or severe (VAS 7-10), and recorded the incidence and severity of perineal pruritus. Then general anesthesia was induced and continued as usual. Results: In terms of demographic data, the results of this study showed that there was no significant difference between patients in both groups (P>0.05). Overall incidence and severity of perineal pruritus in lignocaine group was significantly less, when compared with placebo group (P<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that pretreatment with 1mg/kg intravenous lignocaine may effectively reduce the incidence and severity of dexamethasone induced perineal pruritus. KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-4, January 2019, Page 144-147

SUBCUTANEOUS ENOXAPARINE (LOVENOXR) VERSUS PLACEBO FOR PREVENTING DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS (DVT) AFTER TRANSURETHRAL PROSTATECTOMY (TUP)

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
F LE GAGNEUX ◽  
A STEG ◽  
M LE GUILLOU
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Transurethral Prostatectomy ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Deep Vein

The aim of this study was mainly to evaluate the risk of bleeding, and the efficiency of Enoxaparine, a low-molecular-weight-heparin, in preventing DVT in patients undergoing TUP.89 patients (mean age : 67.5 years + 1.3), undergoing TUP, were included in a randomized, double blind study. Patients with a major risk of thromboembolism were excluded. 44 patients received one daily subcutaneous (SC) injection of 60 mg of Enoxaparine ; 45 patients received placebo. All the patients received the first injection 12 hours before operation.Red cell transfusions requirements were not significantly different between the two groups : 18 % of patients in the Enoxaparine group and 13 % of patients in the placebo group received red cell transfusions (p = 0.57). The amount of red cell units required was 3.3 units ± 0.9 in the Enoxaparine group and 2.5 U ± 0.8 in the placebo group (p = 0.51). The urethral catheters were removed on the 4th post operative day in each group.There was no significant difference in daily hemoglobin levels between the two groups.No DVT occurred : 125I fibrinogen scanning was negative in all patients but two : in these two patients (one in each group), DVT was not confirmed by a radiographic phlebography. No pulmonary embolism occurred.Enoxaparine, begun 12 hours before operation, however injected at high dose (60 mg/24 hrs), is safe in patients undergoing TUP. No significant bleeding complication occurred in the Enoxaparine group comparing with the placebo group. Red cell transfusions requirements were the same in both groups. There was no DVT in our patients.Enoxaparine (LOVENOXR) - PHARMUKA S.F.

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