scholarly journals Systematic re-evaluation of genes from candidate gene association studies in migraine using a large genome-wide association data set

Cephalalgia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 604-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boukje de Vries ◽  
Verneri Anttila ◽  
Tobias Freilinger ◽  
Maija Wessman ◽  
Mari A Kaunisto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Gwas Data ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Gene Association ◽  
Candidate Gene Association ◽  
Genome Wide

Background Before the genome-wide association (GWA) era, many hypothesis-driven candidate gene association studies were performed that tested whether DNA variants in genes that had been selected based on prior knowledge about migraine pathophysiology were associated with migraine. Most studies involved small sample sets without robust replication, thereby making the risk of false-positive findings high. Genome-wide marker data of thousands of migraine patients and controls from the International Headache Genetics Consortium provide a unique opportunity to re-evaluate key findings from candidate gene association studies (and other non-GWA genetic studies) in a much larger data set. Methods We selected 21 genes from published candidate gene association studies and six additional genes from other non-GWA genetic studies in migraine. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes, as well as in the regions 500 kb up- and downstream, were inspected in IHGC GWAS data from 5175 clinic-based migraine patients with and without aura and 13,972 controls. Results None of the SNPs in or near the 27 genes, including the SNPs that were previously found to be associated with migraine, reached the Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold; neither when analyzing all migraine patients together, nor when analyzing the migraine with and without aura patients or males and females separately. Conclusion The available migraine GWAS data provide no clear evidence for involvement of the previously reported most promising candidate genes in migraine.

The need to shift pharmacogenetic research from candidate gene to genome-wide association studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek W Linskey ◽  
David C Linskey ◽  
Howard L McLeod ◽  
Jasmine A Luzum
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Pharmacogenetic Research ◽  
Candidate Gene Association ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The Right ◽  
Gwas Catalog

The primary research approach in pharmacogenetics has been candidate gene association studies (CGAS), but pharmacogenomic genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are becoming more common. We are now at a critical juncture when the results of those two research approaches, CGAS and GWAS, can be compared in pharmacogenetics. We analyzed publicly available databases of pharmacogenetic CGAS and GWAS (i.e., the Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase [PharmGKB®] and the NHGRI-EBI GWAS catalog) and the vast majority of variants (98%) and genes (94%) discovered in pharmacogenomic GWAS were novel (i.e., not previously studied CGAS). Therefore, pharmacogenetic researchers are not selecting the right candidate genes in the vast majority of CGAS, highlighting a need to shift pharmacogenetic research efforts from CGAS to GWAS.

scholarly journals Replication of the results of genome-wide and candidate gene association studies on telomere length in a Korean population

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sook Kyung Do ◽  
Seung Soo Yoo ◽  
Yi Young Choi ◽  
Jin Eun Choi ◽  
Hyo-Sung Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Korean Population ◽  
Gene Association ◽  
Candidate Gene Association ◽  
Genome Wide

scholarly journals Candidate Genes and Political Behavior

2012 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVAN CHARNEY ◽  
WILLIAM ENGLISH
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Behavior Genetics ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Gene Association ◽  
Candidate Gene Association ◽  
Common Genetic Variants

Political scientists are making increasing use of the methodologies of behavior genetics in an attempt to uncover whether or not political behavior is heritable, as well as the specific genotypes that might act as predisposing factors for—or predictors of—political “phenotypes.” Noteworthy among the latter are a series of candidate gene association studies in which researchers claim to have discovered one or two common genetic variants that predict such behaviors as voting and political orientation. We critically examine the candidate gene association study methodology by considering, as a representative example, the recent study by Fowler and Dawes according to which “two genes predict voter turnout.” In addition to demonstrating, on the basis of the data set employed by Fowler and Dawes, that two genes do not predict voter turnout, we consider a number of difficulties, both methodological and genetic, that beset the use of gene association studies, both candidate and genome-wide, in the social and behavioral sciences.

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