Visually guided associative learning in pediatric and adult migraine without aura

Cephalalgia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 033310242095838
Author(s):  
Zsófia Giricz ◽  
Ákos Pertich ◽  
Attila Őze ◽  
András Puszta ◽  
Ágnes Fehér ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Equivalence Test ◽  
Acquired Equivalence ◽  
Adult Study ◽  
Pediatric Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Age And Sex

Introduction The Rutgers Acquired Equivalence Test is a visually guided equivalence learning paradigm that involves rule acquisition and generalization. Earlier we found impaired performance in this paradigm among adult migraine patients without aura. The aim of the study was to investigate if similar impairments can be found already in the pediatric form of the disease and to compare the performance of the pediatric study population with that of an adult study population. We hypothesized that the deficits observed in adults would be observable already in the pediatric population. Methods Twenty-seven children and adolescents newly diagnosed with migraine without aura and 27 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were tested with the Rutgers Acquired Equivalence Test. Their performance data were compared to each other and those of an earlier adult study population involving 22 patients and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Four parameters characterizing performance in the two main phases of the paradigm were calculated for each of the four groups. Performance parameters were compared with Mann-Whitney U test. Results In contrast to the decreased performance of the adult patients in the Rutgers Acquired Equivalence Test, no significant difference was found between pediatric patients and controls in any phase of the paradigm. Conclusion Children living with migraine without aura do not exhibit the same cognitive deficits in the Rutgers Acquired Equivalence Test as their adult counterparts. It can be hypothesized that the deficit of equivalence learning is not an inherent feature of the migrainous cognitive profile, rather the result of the interference of the disease with normal development.

scholarly journals Acquired equivalence and related memory processes in migraine without aura

Cephalalgia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 532-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Öze ◽  
Attila Nagy ◽  
György Benedek ◽  
Balázs Bodosi ◽  
Szabolcs Kéri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Learning Paradigm ◽  
Equivalence Test ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Acquired Equivalence ◽  
Age And Sex

Introduction Interictal deficits of elementary visuo-cognitive functions are well documented in patients with migraine and are mostly explained in terms of neocortical hyperexcitability. It has been suggested that the basal ganglia and the hippocampi might also be affected in migraine. If so, a deterioration of learning and memory processes related to these structures is expected. Methods A visual learning paradigm thought to be capable of dissociating learning/memory processes mediated by the basal ganglia from processes mediated by the hippocampus (the Rutgers Acquired Equivalence Test) was applied to a group of patients with migraine without aura and to age- and sex-matched controls. Results Patients with migraine showed a significantly poorer performance in both main phases of the test and the deficit in the phase considered to be dependent on the hippocampi was especially marked. Conclusions These results can be interpreted as behavioural support for findings that have suggested the involvement of the basal ganglia and the hippocampi in migraine, but further research is needed to clarify these findings.

Over-expression of IL-6 coding gene in the peripheral blood of migraine with aura patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mahdi Ramezani ◽  
Alireza Komaki ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Eftekharian ◽  
Mehrdokht Mazdeh ◽  
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
Keyword(s):  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
P Value ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

Migraine is a common disorder which is placed among the top ten reasons of years lived with disability. Cytokines are among the molecules that contribute in the pathophysiology of migraine. In the current study, we evaluated expression levels of IL-6 coding gene in the peripheral blood of 120 migraine patients (54 migraine without aura and 66 migraine with aura patients) and 40 healthy subjects. No significant difference was detected in expression of IL-6 between total migraine patients and healthy controls (Posterior beta = 0.253, P value = 0.199). The interaction effect between gender and group was significant (Posterior beta =-1.274, P value = 0.011), therefore, we conducted subgroup analysis within gender group. Such analysis revealed that while expression of this gene is not different between male patients and male controls (Posterior beta =-0.371, P value > 0.999), it was significantly over-expressed in female patients compared with female controls (Posterior beta = 0.86, P= 0.002). Expression of IL-6 was significantly higher in patients with aura compared with controls (Posterior beta = 0.63, adjusted P value = 0.019). However, expression of this cytokine coding gene was not different between patients without aura and healthy subjects (Posterior beta = 0.193, adjusted P value = 0.281). Therefore, IL-6 might be involved in the pathophysiology of migraine among females and migraine with aura among both sexes.

scholarly journals Changes in face and face pareidolia processing in patients with migraine: an ERP study

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 876-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülsüm Akdeniz ◽  
Sadiye Gumusyayla ◽  
Gonul Vural ◽  
Hesna Bektas ◽  
Orhan Deniz
Keyword(s):  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Cortical Hyperexcitability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Potentials

Migraine is a multifactorial brain disorder characterized by recurrent disabling headache attacks. One of the possible mechanisms in the pathogenesis of migraine may be a decrease in inhibitory cortical stimuli in the primary visual cortex attributable to cortical hyperexcitability. The aim of this study was to investigate the neural correlates underlying face and face pareidolia processing in terms of the event-related potential (ERP) components, N170, vertex positive potential (VPP), and N250, in patients with migraine. In total, 40 patients with migraine without aura, 23 patients with migraine and aura, and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. We recorded ERPs during the presentation of face and face pareidolia images. N170, VPP, and N250 mean amplitudes and latencies were examined. N170 was significantly greater in patients with migraine with aura than in healthy controls. VPP amplitude was significantly greater in patients with migraine without aura than in healthy controls. The face stimuli evoked significantly earlier VPP responses to faces (168.7 ms, SE = 1.46) than pareidolias (173.4 ms, SE = 1.41) in patients with migraine with aura. We did not find a significant difference between N250 amplitude for face and face pareidolia processing. A significant difference was observed between the groups for pareidolia in terms of N170 [F(2,86) = 14,75, P < 0.001] and VPP [F(2,86) = 16.43, P < 0.001] amplitudes. Early ERPs are a valuable tool to study the neural processing of face processing in patients with migraine to demonstrate visual cortical hyperexcitability. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Event-related potentials (ERPs) are important for understanding face and face pareidolia processing in patients with migraine. N170, vertex positive potential (VPP), and N250 ERPs were investigated. N170 was revealed as a potential component of cortical excitability for face and face pareidolia processing in patients with migraine.

scholarly journals AUTOIMMUNITY IN CHILDHOOD EPILEPSY

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Sonali Verma ◽  
Anju Aggarwal ◽  
MMA Faridi ◽  
Gargi Rai ◽  
Shukla Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Idiopathic Epilepsy ◽  
Seizure Type ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Positivity ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Age And Sex

Objectives: To measure and compare the levels of anticardiolipin(aCL), anti-β2-glycoprotein 1(aβ2gp1) and antinuclear(ANA) antibodies in children with idiopathic epilepsy, epilepsy due to neurocysticercosis (NCC) and healthy controls and to find their correlation with clinical profile and recurrence of seizures. Methodology: Study included 36 idiopathic epilepsy cases (2 to 12 years), 36 age and sex matched healthy controls and 36 children of epilepsy due to NCC. Neuroimaging and EEG were done in all cases of idiopathic epilepsy. Levels of aCL, aβ2gp1 and ANA antibodies were measured using ELISA technique and compared among 3 groups. Results: Idiopathic epilepsy cases were comparable to healthy controls based on age, anthropometry and hematological parameters. Among idiopathic epilepsy cases, mean aβ2gp 1 antibody levelswere 6.37±4.7 GPL U/mL compared to 4.66±1.61 GPL U/ml incontrols (p=0.044). aβ2gp1 antibody positivity (>12 GPL U/ml) was 11.1% in idiopathic epilepsy and none in controls (p=0.040). No significant difference was found between the levels of aCL and ANA antibody among idiopathic epilepsy cases and controls. Mean levels of aCL antibody in idiopathic epilepsy was 7.30±4.16 GPL U/ml as compared to 5.22±3.30 GPL U/ml in NCCcases (p=0.022). aCL antibody was positive (>10 GPL U/ml) in 12(33.33%) idiopathic epilepsy cases versus 5(13.9%) in cases with NCC (p=0.047). No significant difference was found between the levels of aβ2gp1 and ANA antibody among idiopathic epilepsy cases and NCC cases(p>0.05). Antibody levels were statistically similar when compared based on age, sex, seizure type, recurrence (p>0.05). Conclusion: Antibody levels were higher in idiopathic epilepsy group compared to healthy controls with statistical significance in anti-β2-glycoprotein 1 antibody levels. Hence, autoimmunity has a role in idiopathic epilepsy.

scholarly journals Study of Axillary and Oral Temperature in A Group of Young Adult and Children

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Abida Ahmed ◽  
Shameema Begum ◽  
Momotaj Begum ◽  
Mirza Manjurul Haque ◽  
Zahid Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Oral Temperature ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Axillary Region ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Physiological Alteration ◽  
Significant Temperature ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: In comparison to other bedside clinical examination basal body temperature is one of the most important indicators in establishing diagnosis of disease. Some time physiological alteration is also important and it should be kept in mind. Materials and Methods: A total number of 246 cases were included in this study irrespective of their age and sex. This observational study was done in Mymensingh Medical College (a tertiary level institute) where study population was medical student. Materials also collected from a district orphanage. Results: There were no significant difference in oral temperature between young adult and children. And also no significant difference of axillary and oral temperature between male and female children. Conclusion: In this observational study there were no significant temperature difference between oral and axillary region irrespective of age and sex.   DOI = 10.3329/jom.v9i2.1435 J MEDICINE 2008; 9 : 78-81

scholarly journals Increased nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation in migraineurs without aura in the interictal period

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazumi Fujioka ◽  
Minoru Oishi ◽  
Akira Fujioka ◽  
Tomohiro Nakayama
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Vascular Disorders ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Migraine Pathophysiology ◽  
Selective Sensitivity

Abstract Purpose Migraine is associated with vascular disorders, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Nitric oxide (NO) sensitivity is believed to play a major role in migraine pathophysiology. We investigated flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) and nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilatation (NMD) of the brachial artery by means of a key molecular mediator, NO, in patients with migraine without aura in the interictal period whether the abnormality is found. Methods A total of 12 patients with migraine without aura and 12 matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. FMD and NMD were measured in all patients and controls using brachial artery ultrasonography. Results There was no significant difference in brachial artery diameter between migraineurs and nonmigraineurs (3.39 ± 0.68 vs 3.89 ± 0.67 mm, respectively; p = 0.083). A significant difference in FMD was not found between migraineurs and nonmigraineurs (6.94 ± 5.72 vs 6.08 ± 2.98%, respectively; p = 0.651). However, NMD in migraineurs was significant higher than that in nonmigraineurs (21.56 ± 7.36 vs 14.23 ± 7.41%, respectively; p = 0.024). Conclusion We think that patients with migraine without aura in the interictal period have selective sensitivity in dilator response to nitroglycerin and may have systemic NO sensitivity.

The 1246 G/A polymorphism of the HCRTR2 gene is not associated with migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 945-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Pinessi ◽  
E Binello ◽  
P De Martino ◽  
S Gallone ◽  
S Gentile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Migraine Pathophysiology

Studies in experimental animals have suggested that the hypocretin/orexin system may be involved in migraine pathophysiology. Using a case-control design study, we genotyped 246 migraine patients and 239 healthy controls for the 1246G→A polymorphism of the hypocretin receptor 2 ( HCRTR2) gene. Genotypic and allelic frequencies of the examined polymorphism were similarly distributed between cases and controls (χ2 = 2.22, P = 0.14 and χ2 = 2.45, P = 0.29, respectively). When different migraine subgroups were compared (migraine with aura vs. migraine without aura and episodic vs. chronic migraine) no significant difference was found. Comparison of the clinical features of the disease with the 1246G→A genotypes showed no significant difference. Our data suggest that the HCRTR2 gene is not a genetic risk factor in migraine.

scholarly journals Altered Macular Vasculature in Migraine Patients without Aura: Is It Associated with Ocular Vasculature and White Matter Hyperintensities?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurdan Gamze Taşlı ◽  
Alevtina Ersoy
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Ganglion Cell Complex ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim. We aimed to determine the alterations in macular and optic nerve vasculature in patients with migraine without aura using optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCTA). We also aimed to determine whether there were clinical differences and alterations in ocular structures in migraine cases with white matter hyperintensities (WMH) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods. The study group comprised patients with migraine without aura and age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Detailed histories of the patients with migraine were recorded including the disease duration, number of attacks in the last month, and attack durations. Visual evoked potentials (VEP) were recorded in all migraine patients. The migraine disability assessment (MIDAS) questionnaire was administered to all patients. The patients were divided into two groups as migraine with WMHs and migraine without WMHs. All subjects underwent a complete neurological and ophthalmological examination. Only the right eyes of the patients were included in the study. Retinal imaging was performed using OCT and OCTA. Results. A total of 66 migraine patients (29 with WMH and 37 without WMH) and 43 healthy controls were included in this study. Among the migraine patients, disease duration, attack frequency in the last month, attack durations, and the visual analogue scale (VAS), MIDAS, and VEP scores were all similar between those with and without WMHs. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the ganglion cell complex, foveal, and retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses. The superficial or deep vascular perfusion densities of the optic disc were also similar between the groups. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was significantly larger (P=0.034), and both superficial and deep macular vascular densities were significantly lower in the migraine groups compared with the healthy controls (P=0.001). There was no significant difference concerning the FAZ size or vascular densities between the migraine groups with and without WMHs. In the correlation analysis performed between the migraine patients, the FAZ size was correlated with age and VAS and MIDAS scores while both superficial and deep macular vascular densities were negatively correlated with age and VAS and MIDAS scores. Conclusion. We suggest that for not only migraine with aura but also migraine without aura, neurovascular structures play an important role in pathogenesis, and novel studies are warranted to elucidate the alterations in these and determine the significance of WMHs in these patient groups.

Peri-ictal Normalization of Visual Cortex Excitability in Migraine: an MEG Study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1202-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
W-T Chen ◽  
S-J Wang ◽  
J-L Fuh ◽  
C-P Lin ◽  
Y-C Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Check Size ◽  
Dynamic Modulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Visual Cortical

To delineate if the change in cortical excitability persists across migraine attacks, visual evoked magnetic fields (VEF) were measured in patients with migraine without aura during the interictal ( n = 26) or peri-ictal ( n = 21) periods, and were compared with 30 healthy controls. The visual stimuli were checkerboard reversals with four different check sizes (15',30',60' and 120'). For each check size, five sequential blocks of 50 VEF responses were recorded to calculate the percentage change of the P100m amplitude in the second to the fifth blocks in comparison with the first block. At check size 120', interictal patients showed a larger amplitude increment than controls [28.1 ± 38.3% (S.D.) vs. 8.7 ± 21.3%] in the second block and a larger increment than peri-ictal patients in the second (28.1 ± 38.3% vs. -3.2 ± 19.2%), fourth (22.7 ± 31.2% vs. -5.7 ± 22.3%) and fifth (20.5 ± 30.4% vs. -10.8 ± 30.1%) blocks ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference at other check sizes or between peri-ictal patients and controls. In conclusion, there may be peri-ictal normalization of visual cortical excitability changes in migraine that is dependent on the spatial frequency of the stimuli and reflects a dynamic modulation of cortical activities.

scholarly journals Analysis of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Genes and Their HLA Ligands in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Beigmohammadi ◽  
Mahdi Mahmoudi ◽  
Jafar Karami ◽  
Nooshin Ahmadzadeh ◽  
Nasser Ebrahimi-Daryani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Killer Cell ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Hla Ligands ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Genetic studies have illustrated that killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes could participate in various autoimmune disorders. We aimed to clarify the role of KIR genes, HLA ligands, HLA-KIR interactions, and their genotypes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) susceptibility. The study population was composed of 183 IBD subjects, comprising 100 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, 83 Crohn’s disease (CD) patients, and 274 healthy subjects. Polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) was used to evaluate the absence or presence of the 15 KIR genes, 5 HLA class I ligands, and 2 pseudogenes. We did not find any significant difference in allele frequency of KIRs and pseudogenes between IBD patients and healthy controls. In the case of HLA genes, there was a significant difference in HLA-B-Bw4Thr80 frequency between UC patients and healthy controls (P=0.03, OR=0.06, 95%CI=0.008-0.4). Furthermore, we found a significant difference in HLA-C1Asn80 frequency between CD patients and healthy controls (P=0.04, OR=0.49, 95% CI=0.3-0.8). In the full-array combination of KIR genes, there was no significant frequency difference between UC patients and healthy controls, while two KIR genotypes showed a significant susceptible association with CD. Our data do not support a strong role of NK cells in IBD susceptibility, but it does not rule out a role for KIR variability in IBD patients. However, there are some protective associations such as Bw4 alleles; these associations may be due to the interaction of the alleles to TCRs rather than KIRs.

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