Estimating Pedestrian Volumes for Signalized and Stop-Controlled Intersections

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (9) ◽  
pp. 799-808
Author(s):  
Minh Le ◽  
Srinivas R. Geedipally ◽  
Kay Fitzpatrick ◽  
Raul E. Avelar
Keyword(s):  
Pedestrian Safety ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Fatal Crashes ◽  
Federal Highway

Pedestrian fatal crashes in the U.S. have increased over the years. From 2007 to 2016, pedestrian fatalities increased 27% nationally, while all other traffic fatalities decreased 14%. On average, a pedestrian was killed every 1.5 h in traffic crashes in 2016. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has been working with public agencies toward developing more data-driven approaches to identify and mitigate pedestrian safety issues. However, pedestrian exposure to risk is not readily available. The absence of pedestrian exposure data makes it challenging to identify and prioritize high-crash risk locations. Using Dallas, Texas, as a case study, researchers wanted to use exposure in relation to volumes—both vehicular and pedestrian volume—to determine pedestrian risk. Although the vehicular volume is extensively available, the pedestrian volume is seldom available. The objective of this study is to explore options for collecting or estimating pedestrian volume data, particularly at intersections with high pedestrian activity. Researchers successfully developed a direct-demand model that estimates pedestrian volumes at signalized and stop-controlled intersections. The final model showed that pedestrian volume: increases 4 times within downtown; increases 12% per school within 1 mi of intersection; increases 4.8 times per 1% increase in commercial/multi-family residential land uses within 300 ft of intersection; increases 4.7 times with presence of higher education, hospitals, or malls; and decreases 36% per 5 mph increase in the intersections’ maximum posted speed limit. This research can help advance pedestrian safety analyses by providing a method of estimating pedestrian volumes for intersections by control type, particularly when volumes are infeasible to measure.

Does Displaying Safety Messages on Dynamic Message Signs have Measurable Impacts on Crash Risk?

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110444
Author(s):  
Megat-Usamah Megat-Johari ◽  
Nusayba Megat-Johari ◽  
Peter T. Savolainen ◽  
Timothy J. Gates ◽  
Eva Kassens-Noor
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Dynamic Message Signs ◽  
Safety Message ◽  
Message Signs

Transportation agencies have increasingly been using dynamic message signs (DMS) to communicate safety messages in an effort to both increase awareness of important safety issues and to influence driver behavior. Despite their widespread use, evaluations as to potential impacts on driver behavior, and the resultant impacts on traffic crashes, have been very limited. This study addresses this gap in the extant literature and assesses the relationship between traffic crashes and the frequency with which various types of safety messages are displayed. Safety message data were collected from a total of 202 DMS on freeways across the state of Michigan between 2014 and 2018. These data were integrated with traffic volume, roadway geometry, and crash data for segments that were located downstream of each DMS. A series of random parameters negative binomial models were estimated to examine total, speeding-related, and nighttime crashes based on historical messaging data while controlling for other site-specific factors. The results did not show any significant differences with respect to total crashes. Marginal declines in nighttime crashes were observed at locations with more frequent messages related to impaired driving, though these differences were also not statistically significant. Finally, speeding-related crashes were significantly less frequent near DMS that showed higher numbers of messages related to speeding or tailgating. Important issues are highlighted with respect to methodological concerns that arise in the analysis of such data. Field research is warranted to investigate potential impacts on driving behavior at the level of individual drivers.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SPEED LIMIT VIOLATION ON MOTORCYCLE CRASH RATE: CASE STUDY BANDUNG NATIONAL ROAD

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Aine Kusumawati ◽  
Kardina N.S. Ayuningtyas ◽  
Estiara Ellizar
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Fatal Crashes ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users ◽  
National Road

Speeding is one of the risk factors for road traffic crashes and deaths, especially for vulnerable road users. Research shows that increasing vehicle speed by 1 km/h can increase 4% -5% of fatal crashes. However, several other studies show that crashes are caused more by speed dispersion than by average speed vehicles in the traffic. This study aims to determine the effect of speed limit violations on the rate of a motorcycle crash on the national road in Bandung City. Although the proportion of motorcycles that violates the speed limit is quite high (40%), it turns out the result of this study indicates that the rate of motorcycle crash does not seem to be affected by the proportion of motorcycle in the traffic that violates the speed limit. Crashes involving motorcycles are more prevalent in the highest flow period than in the free flow conditions where the proportion of motorcycle that violates the speed limit is the highest. Mengendara dengan kecepatan tinggi merupakan salah satu faktor risiko penyebab kecelakaan lalu lintas dan kematian akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas, terutama pada kelompok pengguna jalan rentan. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kecepatan kendaraan sebesar 1 km/jam dapat meningkatkan 4%-5% kecelakaan fatal. Namun beberapa penelitian lainnya menunjukkan bahwa kecelakaan lebih disebabkan oleh adanya variasi kecepatan di dalam arus dibanding kecepatan rata-rata kendaraan di dalam arus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelanggaran batas kecepatan terhadap tingkat kecelakaan sepeda motor di jalan nasional Kota Bandung. Walaupun proporsi sepeda motor yang melanggar batas kecepatan cukup tinggi (40%), ternyata hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa tingkat kecelakaan sepeda motor tampaknya tidak dipengaruhi oleh proporsi sepeda motor di dalam arus yang melanggar batas kecepatan. Kecelakaan yang melibatkan sepeda motor justru lebih banyak terjadi pada kondisi arus tertinggi dalam satu hari dibanding pada kondisi arus lengang dimana proporsi sepeda motor yang melanggar batas kecepatan paling banyak.

Integrating multiple data sources in match-fixing warning systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 483-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Ötting ◽  
Roland Langrock ◽  
Christian Deutscher
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Additive Model ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Betting Odds

Recent years have seen several match-fixing scandals in soccer. In order to avoid match-fixing, existing literature and fraud detection systems primarily focus on analysing betting odds provided by bookmakers. In our work, we suggest to not only analyse odds but also total volume placed on bets, thereby making use of more of the information available. As a case study for our method, we consider the second division in Italian soccer, Serie B, since for this league it has effectively been proven that some matches were fixed, such that to some extent we can ground truth our approach. For the betting volume data, we use a flexible generalized additive model for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS), with log-normal response, to account for the various complex patterns present in the data. For the betting odds, we use a GAMLSS with bivariate Poisson response to model the number of goals scored by both teams, and to subsequently derive the corresponding odds. We then conduct outlier detection in order to flag suspicious matches. Our results indicate that monitoring both betting volumes and betting odds can lead to more reliable detection of suspicious matches.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION PLAN FOR EXCESS WAREHOUSE STORAGE IN E-COMMERCE–BASED PLANT SHOPS: A CASE STUDY FOR CHINESE PLANT INDUSTRIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-919
Author(s):  
Hung-Lung Lin ◽  
Cheng-Chung Cho ◽  
Yu-Yu Ma ◽  
Ying-Qing Hu ◽  
Ze-Hui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
High Death ◽  
Order Preference ◽  
Warehouse Storage ◽  
Chinese Plant ◽  
Decision Making Model

The rapid development of e-commerce in China has played a critical role in the development of the national economy and ongoing modernization. The plant industry is unique among industries that employ e-commerce sales models because its products exhibit special characteristics such as high death and damage rates. Therefore, its e-commerce and logistical requirements are stricter than in other industries and, as a result, excess warehouse storage can be extremely difficult for e-commerce–based plant shops to manage. Numerous studies have indicated the need to identify a product’s most up-to-date market conditions, as well as the type, function, and size of warehouses. Therefore, based on a case study, this study proposes an optimization plan for solving excess warehouse storage in e-commerce–based plant shops. First, sales volume data of the case company, Enterprise A, were analyzed to predict future sales. Then, entropy and the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution were used to construct the decision-making model. Finally, a cloud warehouse–based optimization plan was proposed to solve excess warehouse storage in e-commerce–based plant shops. This plan can serve as a reference for decision-makers or executives in e-commerce–based plant shops when handling excess warehouse storage.

scholarly journals Athlete–Coach Conflict and a Sport Psychologist Caught in the Middle: A Case Study of Consultancy During Athlete Preparation and Performance in Olympic Games Athletics

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Males ◽  
John H. Kerr ◽  
Joanne Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Elite Athlete ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Basic Performance ◽  
Sport Psychologist ◽  
And Performance

This case study examines the personal experiences of an elite athlete, coach, and sport psychology consultant (SPC) during the athlete’s preparation and performance in a recent Olympic Games. The qualitative research details how the consultancy process was affected by the athlete’s late admission of the deteriorating relationship with his coach. The concepts of closeness, commitment, complementarity, and co-orientation provided a theoretical perspective to the SPC’s interpretation of athlete performance and the interpersonal conflict that developed between athlete and coach. The basic performance demand model provided an applied perspective. The SPC’s commentary adopts a reflexive discursive style that also focuses on the SPC’s role in the consultancy process and the effectiveness of the performance demand model materials. Five important recommendations arise from the case study, and these might inform other SPCs’ future athlete–coach consultancies and interventions.

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