Simple Homogenization-Based Approach to Predict Raveling in Porous Asphalt

In the Netherlands, more than 80% of the highways are surfaced by porous asphalt (PA) mixes. The benefits of using PA mixes include, among others, the reduction of noise and the improvement of skid resistance. However, pavements with PA mixes are known to have a shorter lifetime and higher maintenance costs as compared with traditional dense asphalt mixes. Raveling is one of the most prominent distresses that occur on PA mix pavements. To analyze the raveling distress of a PA mix pavement, the stress and strain fields at the component level are required. Computational models based on finite element methods (FEM), discrete element methods (DEM), or both, can be used to compute local stress and strain fields. However, they require the development of large FEM meshes and large-scale computational facilities. As an alternative, the homogenization technique provides a way to calculate the stress and strain fields at the component level without the need for much computation power. This study aims to propose a new approach to analyze the raveling distress of a PA mix pavement by using the homogenization technique. To demonstrate the application of the proposed approach, a real field-like example was presented. In the real field-like example, the Mori–Tanaka model was used as a homogenization technique. The commonly available pavement analysis tool 3D-MOVE was used to compute the response of the analyzed pavement. In general, it was concluded that the homogenization technique could be a reliable and effective way to analyze the raveling distress of a PA mix pavement.

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Mathematical Model of the Effective Properties of a Fiber Reinforced Composite with a Linearly Graded Transition Zone

Tire Science and Technology ◽

10.2346/1.3519536 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 286-307

Author(s):

Carey F. Childers

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Transition Zone ◽

Effective Properties ◽

Local Stress ◽

Stress And Strain ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Strain Fields ◽

Shear Moduli ◽

Fiber Reinforced Composite ◽

Reinforced Composite

Abstract Tires are fabricated using single ply fiber reinforced composite materials, which consist of a set of aligned stiff fibers of steel material embedded in a softer matrix of rubber material. The main goal is to develop a mathematical model to determine the local stress and strain fields for this isotropic fiber and matrix separated by a linearly graded transition zone. This model will then yield expressions for the internal stress and strain fields surrounding a single fiber. The fields will be obtained when radial, axial, and shear loads are applied. The composite is then homogenized to determine its effective mechanical properties—elastic moduli, Poisson ratios, and shear moduli. The model allows for analysis of how composites interact in order to design composites which gain full advantage of their properties.

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Effect of Welded Mechanical Heterogeneity on Local Stress and Strain Ahead of Growing Crack Tips in the Piping Welds

ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference: Volume 3 ◽

10.1115/pvp2011-57521 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lingyan Zhao ◽

He Xue ◽

Wei Tang ◽

Xiurong Fang

Keyword(s):

Crack Tip ◽

Local Stress ◽

Stress And Strain ◽

Strain Fields ◽

Mechanical Heterogeneity ◽

Constant Loading ◽

Primary Loop ◽

Weld Joints ◽

Growing Crack ◽

Crack Tips

Primary loop recirculation (PLR) piping weld joints are more susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). But it is difficult to accurately predict SCC growth rate in PLR piping weld joints because the material and mechanical properties in weld joints are quite complicated. Especially, it is provided that hardening in the weld heat-affected zone (HAZ) might play an important role in promoting SCC growth. Considering welded mechanical heterogeneity, the local stress and plastic strain fields ahead of growing crack tip in 316L PLR piping weld joints are analyzed, the effect of constant stress intensity factor (KI) and constant loading on SCC behaviors of PLR piping weld joints is investigated in this study. The results show that the mechanical fields of SCC tips behave quite differently under constant KI and constant loading because of welded mechanical heterogeneity and advanced crack length, which demonstrate that the effect of constant loading on the stress and strain ahead of the growing crack tip is bigger than that of constant KI.

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Development and Testing of an Automated Building Commissioning Analysis Tool (ABCAT)

ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Volume 1 ◽

10.1115/es2010-90389 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John D. Bynum ◽

David E. Claridge ◽

Jonathan M. Curtin

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Large Scale ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

The United States ◽

Commercial Buildings ◽

Test Case ◽

Analysis Tool ◽

Component Level ◽

Building Commissioning ◽

Occupant Comfort

Experience has shown that buildings on average may consume 20% more energy than required for occupant comfort which by one estimate leads to $18 billion wasted annually on energy costs in commercial buildings in the United States. Experience and large scale studies of the benefits of commissioning have shown the effectiveness of these services in improving the energy efficiency of commercial buildings. While commissioning services do help reduce energy consumption and improve performance of buildings, the benefits of the commissioning tend to degrade over time. In order to prolong the benefits of commissioning, a prototype fault detection and diagnostic (FDD) tool intended to aid in reducing excess energy consumption known as an Automated Building Commissioning Analysis Tool (ABCAT) has been developed. ABCAT is a first principles based whole building level top down FDD tool which does not require the level of expertise and money often associated with more detailed component level methods. The model based ABCAT tool uses the ASHRAE Simplified Energy Analysis Procedure (SEAP) which requires a smaller number of inputs than more sophisticated simulation methods such as EnergyPlus or DOE-2. ABCAT utilizes a calibrated mathematical model, white box method, to predict energy consumption for given weather conditions. A detailed description of the methodology is presented along with test application results from more than 20 building years worth of retrospective applications and greater than five building years worth of live test case applications. In this testing, the ABCAT tool was used to successfully identify 24 significant energy consumption deviations in five retrospective applications and five significant energy consumption deviations in four live applications.

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PREVENTION OF BRITTLE FRACTURE OF STEEL STRUCTURES BY CONTROLLING THE LOCAL STRESS AND STRAIN FIELDS

Vestnik MGSU ◽

10.22227/1997-0935.2015.2.45-59 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 45-59

Author(s):

Evgeniy Moyseychik ◽

Keyword(s):

Brittle Fracture ◽

Steel Structures ◽

Local Stress ◽

Stress And Strain ◽

Strain Fields

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VERTICAL CYLINDRICAL TANK WITH ANGULAR GEOMETRICAL IMPERFECTION

Journal of Civil Engineering and Management ◽

10.3846/13923730.2005.9636348 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 175-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yevgeny Gorochov ◽

Vladimir Muschanov ◽

Alexander Kulik ◽

Alexander Tsyplukhin

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Strain State ◽

Local Stress ◽

Scale Model ◽

Stress And Strain ◽

Tank Wall ◽

Cylindrical Tank ◽

Geometrical Imperfection ◽

Large Scale Model ◽

The Ideal

In this paper the results of experimental research are given for the stress and strain state of a near seam zone. The research is executed on large‐scale model of a zone of vertical cylindrical tank assembly connection with a geometrical imperfection. As a result, the dependence is received between values of the basic stress, which take place in a tank wall of the ideal form, and local stress, which arise in a seam zone. It is proved by experiments that when the ring stress achieves value 100 mPa, then the local stress in a near seam zone achieves the stress of 280–300 mPa. Hence, they exceed three times their major importance. These stress values are coordinated satisfactorily to the data, which are received by a theoretical way.

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Local stress and strain fields near a spherical elastic inclusion in a plastically deforming matrix

International Journal of Fracture ◽

10.1007/bf00032684 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 209-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

R. D. Thomson ◽

J. W. Hancock

Keyword(s):

Elastic Inclusion ◽

Local Stress ◽

Stress And Strain ◽

Strain Fields

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Fatigue Crack Propagation and Applied Stress Range—An Energy Approach

Journal of Basic Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.3656501 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

pp. 116-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

H. W. Liu

Keyword(s):

Aluminum Alloy ◽

Fatigue Crack ◽

Crack Propagation ◽

Applied Stress ◽

Fatigue Crack Propagation ◽

Axial Loading ◽

Local Stress ◽

Stress And Strain ◽

Stress Range ◽

Strain Fields

Using the saturation of hysteresis energy absorption as a criterion for fatigue crack propagation, the rate of crack propagation in a thin and wide metal sheet under repeated axial loading is found to be proportional to the square of the applied stress range. The local stress and strain fields adjacent to the crack tip are employed to compute the energy density. The analytical results correlate very well with the experimental results on 2024-T3 aluminum alloy.

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Hydro-mechanical effects of seismic events in crystalline rock barriers

Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal ◽

10.5194/sand-1-179-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 179-180

Author(s):

Dominik Kern ◽

Fabien Magri ◽

Victor I. Malkovsky ◽

Thomas Nagel

Keyword(s):

Stress Field ◽

Large Scale ◽

Computational Models ◽

Current Model ◽

Model Development ◽

Local Stress ◽

Crystalline Rock ◽

High Level Waste ◽

Seismic Events ◽

Geologic Repository

Abstract. Under ideal conditions, owing to its extremely low matrix permeability, crystalline rock can constitute a suitable hydro-geological barrier. Mechanically, its high strength and stiffness provide advantages when constructing a repository and for long-term stability. However, crystalline rock usually occurs in a fractured form, which can drastically alter hydromechanical (HM) barrier functions due to increased permeability and decreased strength. Seismic events have the potential to alter these HM properties by activating faults, increasing their transmissibility, creating new fractures or altering network connectivity (De Rubeis et al., 2010). Therefore, it is of high importance to build computational models to allow assessment of the HM effects of seismic events in a Deep Geologic Repository (DGR) in crystalline rock, as illustrated in Fig. 1. For this purpose, we consider a DGR in Russia (Yeniseysky site) for high-level waste in crystalline rock (Proterozoic and Archaean gneiss complexes) that is located close to a potentially seismically active area (Jobmann, 2016). Here, we present a coupled HM simulation, using OpenGeoSys (Kolditz et al., 2012), of a large-scale, three-dimensional finite-element model of the Yeniseysky site to assess the consequences of seismically induced stress-field changes on the local stress field and the fluid flow. This research also provides an outlook of current model development geared towards a more detailed assessment of seismically induced hydro-mechanical processes in porous and fractured rocks.

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