Occurrence of P. aeruginosa in Water Intended for Human Consumption and in Swimming Pool Water

Considering the fact that water is a basic need of every living being, it is important to ensure its safety. In this work, the data on the presence of the opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa in drinking water (n = 4171) as well as in pool water (n = 5059) in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in Croatia in the five-year period (2016–2020) were analysed. In addition, the national criteria were compared with those of neighboring countries and worldwide. The proportion of P. aeruginosa-positive samples was similar for drinking water (3.9%) and pool water (4.6%). The prevalence of this bacterium was most pronounced in the warmer season. P. aeruginosa-positive drinking water samples were mostly collected during building commissioning, while pool samples were from entertainment and spa/hydromassage pools. Outdoor pools showed a higher percentage of positive samples than indoor pools, as well as the pools filled with freshwater rather than seawater. The highest P. aeruginosa load was found in rehabilitation pools. Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro are countries that have included P. aeruginosa in their national regulations as an indicator of the safety of water for human consumption as well as for bottled water, while Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina have limited this requirement to bottled water only. In the case of swimming pool water, this parameter is mandatory in all countries considered in this study.

Develop A Commissioning Process And Template In Building Project For Large-Scaled Construction Company

This study aims to establish building commissioning process for large-scaled construction company, and develop the commissioning template in accordance with each phase. The purpose of this paper is to develop a practical, systematic, professional template for commissioning for a large construction company. In addition, commissioning of buildings is the main subject of performance verification of Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (HVAC & R) systems that require equipment and control, so we focus on verification of HVAC & R. Large-scaled construction companies in Korea are transforming from general contractors to Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC)s, and it is expected that the role of building commissioning for the objective quality assurance of buildings will be important in the future. In addition, it is necessary to prepare for this, since it is impossible to properly respond in a timely manner to the contractor who must obtain final approval from a professional commissioning company before delivering the building to owner. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to properly understand the submission documents and work system required by a professional commissioning company and to establish a work performance system to enable commissioning from the General contractor’s perspective. As the owner's demand for building commissioning increases day by day, a response to this is necessary, also, the commissioning can respond to the global warming crisis. The research team builds the commissioning template from plan to O&M phase, then, the template contained key documents and general document packages.

BuildCOM: automated auditing and continuous commissioning of next generation building management systems

A building management system (BMS) is generally defined as the ‘Brain’ of the building. Building management systems aid in improving occupant comfort and productivity and, enhance the operational efficiency of building energy generation and supply systems. This paper presents the BuildCOM project which is driven by the industry and customer needs. It responds to the increasing demands for energy efficiency, comfort, and safety in the buildings sector. The project brings together academic researchers, industrial companies and public partners, to develop and demonstrate an innovative first-of-its-kind software for BMS automated auditing and continuous building commissioning. The software has three major capabilities, initial BMS auditing, BMS retro-commissioning and continuous building commissioning. Thus, the proposed software will aid the design, development and operation of next generation building management systems. The project builds up partly on the online building energy performance monitoring and evaluation (ObepME) tool developed in COORDICY which will be combined with a holistic process for building management systems auditing and commissioning within the developed software solution. The set of tools developed under BuildCOM will be implemented and demonstrated considering multiple case studies. Implementing the proposed solution, the customers and building owners will have up to 35% higher energy efficiency in newly built and exiting buildings, around 25% lower operation costs and less emissions from day one and throughout the building operation phase.

Assessment of wind impact on building air leakage measurements using a model scale experiment

Nowadays, many countries include requirements for building airtightness in their current national regulations or energy-efficiency programs, mainly for concern about reducing building energy consumption due to air leakage. Moreover, more and more countries impose a mandatory justification with an air leakage measurement at building commissioning. Therefore, the uncertainty of the measurements results has become a key concern in several countries over the past year. More specifically, the influence of wind speed has been identified as one of the major sources of error on the measurement result. The goal of this paper is to present the experimental facility we design and built to improve the uncertainty estimates and the measurement protocol based on model scale experiments in controlled laboratory conditions. We first present the similarity criteria we identified for our model scale experiment. Secondly, we present the experimental design. Finally, we characterize the wind speed inside the wind tunnel and we present the preliminary results regarding the reproduction of fan pressurization tests on the model for different leakage distributions.