Winter Maintenance of Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement: Evaluating Opportunities to Reduce Road Salt Pollution and Improve Winter Safety

2020 ◽  
pp. 036119812095732
Author(s):  
Jeffrey T. Marvin ◽  
Jody Scott ◽  
Tim Van Seters ◽  
Robert Bowers ◽  
Jennifer Anne Drake
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Road Salt ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Winter Maintenance ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Melted Snow ◽  
Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement ◽  
Aggregate Base

Permeable interlocking concrete pavement (PICP) is a type of permeable pavement system that uses the joint spaces between pavers to drain water from the surface into an aggregate base and subbase layer below. Because of its ability to rapidly drain surface water, PICP has the potential to reduce the amount of ice formed on the surface during winter conditions compared with traditional impervious pavements. As a result, PICP may reduce the amount of road salt needed for de-icing paved surfaces and may also reduce the risk of pedestrian slipping and vehicle skidding throughout the winter. This study evaluates the performance of an outdoor PICP and asphalt test pad over two winter seasons in Vaughan, Ontario, Canada, by assessing differences in surface conditions, surface friction, and surface temperatures. The results of this study indicate that PICP provides equivalent or higher levels of safety compared with asphalt when treated with de-icing products at medium (0.049 kg/m2) or low (0.024 kg/m2) application rates. Re-freezing of melted snow and ice after sunset was observed on the asphalt surface creating black ice, but not on the PICP cells. Consequently, compared with asphalt pavements, PICP surfaces will require use of less de-icer and will have lower risk of slips and falls for pedestrians, and lower risk of skidding for vehicles throughout the winter.

Field evaluation of the performance of alternative deicers for winter maintenance of transportation facilities

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 437-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Kamal Hossain ◽  
Liping Fu ◽  
Roberto Lake
Keyword(s):  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Winter Maintenance ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Adjustment Factors ◽  
Transportation Facilities

This paper presents the results of an extensive field study on the comparative performance of alternative materials for snow and ice control of transportation facilities. Approximately 300 tests were conducted in a real-world environment, covering four alternative materials, and 21 snow events. Each of the alternatives tested were compared to regular rock salt in terms of snow melting performance — bare-pavement regain time. The study confirmed the relative advantage of these alternatives over the regular salt, but also showed that their performance varied largely depending on some external conditions. Performance models were calibrated and then used for developing application rate adjustment factors that can be applied by maintenance operations for determining the optimal application rates for specific weather events and pavement conditions. The applicability of the results is limited to parking lots and sidewalks without the traffic effects, and as such cannot be easily applied to winter roadways maintenance.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Wet Skid Resistance of Asphalt Pavements in Icy Conditions

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan ◽  
Mao ◽  
Zhong ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Friction ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Ice Melting ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Image Measure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Increasing Temperature

In this research, the durability of skid resistance during the ice melting process with temperature increasing from −5 °C to 10 °C was characterized by means of a British Pendulum Skid Tester. Four types of pavement surfaces were prepared and tested. The difference between two antiskid layers prepared with bitumen emulsion was the aggregate. The detailed angularity and form 2D index of fine aggregates used for antiskid surfaces, characterized by means of the Aggregate Image Measure System (AIMS) with micro image analysis methods, were then correlated with British Pendulum Number (BPN) values. Results indicate that skid resistance has the lowest value during the ice-melting process. The investigated antiskid layers can increase the surface friction during icy seasons. In icy conditions, the skid resistance behavior first worsens until reaches the lowest value, and then increases gradually with increasing temperature. Results from ice-melting conditions on four investigated pavement surfaces give the same temperature range where there will be lowest skid resistance. That temperature range is from 3 °C to 5 °C. A thicker ice layer will result in a lower skid resistance property and smaller “lowest BPN”.

scholarly journals Influence of Compressive, Tensile and Fatigue Stresses on Asphalt and Concrete Cement Road Pavements in Nigeria - Using Linear Elastic Theory

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
J. E. Ogbezode ◽  
A. I. Adeleke ◽  
A. S. Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Fatigue Cycle ◽  
Traffic Loading ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Pavement Structures ◽  
Fundamental Equations

The high brittle nature of pavement structures have been  carefully examined based on compressive, tensile strain and the harsh effects of fatigue cycle with reference to the base layer thicknesses and elastic strains during and after construction were examined. Subjection of asphalt and concrete-cement pavements to traffic loading and tyre pressure also influences the vertical stress and strain values for the asphalt and concrete materials under the same axial loading conditions. Using various fundamental equations under linear elastic conditions for the analysis of Asphalt and Concrete Cement structure revealed that both materials do respond differently to compressive and tensile stresses under similar mechanical conditions. Effect of compressive stresses and strains on concrete pavement is larger compare to asphalt pavement due to large thickness sub-base layer of its pavement structure. Both pavement layer thicknesses are independent of fatigue cycle under harsh traffic loading. Thus, concrete pavement has shown better fatigue resistance and less tensile strain values than asphalt pavements due to high pavement layer thickness regardless of the load distribution.

Performance of Permeable Asphalt Pavement during Rainfall Infiltration

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 774-777
Author(s):  
Xiao Lan Huang ◽  
Jun Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bituminous Concrete

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the performance of permeable asphalt pavements (PAP) and to recommend future areas of research and development. The development of PAP as an integral part of sustainable drainage systems is reviewed in the context of traditional and modern urban drainage. The difference between the permeable asphalt pavement and the ordinary bituminous concrete pavement is discussed. A description of the seepage calculation model based on the structural characteristics of PAP is presented. And also water level fluctuations of both the water permeable asphalt pavement and the ordinary bituminous concrete pavement are analyzed by comparing their numerical simulation results. Finally the drainage performance of the water permeable asphalt pavement is demonstrated. The long-term effectiveness of permeable pavement as an alternative to traditional impervious asphalt pavement is examined. The simulation results could provide significant guidance for the structure design of water permeable asphalt pavement.

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