Effect of Aggregate Contamination on Concrete Pavement Durability

1996 ◽  
Vol 1532 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
John Wojakowski ◽  
Mustaque Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Geological Investigation ◽  
Concrete Aggregates ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Sieve Size ◽  
Satisfactory Performance

Durability is a prerequisite for satisfactory performance of concrete pavements in freeze-thaw environments. The Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) has been experiencing durability problems of limestone aggregates since the 1930s and, finally, has developed stringent specifications for concrete aggregates through a series of field and laboratory studies in the mid-1980s. Recently, pavements that potentially are nondurable because of contamination of limestone aggregates have been detected on three projects on I-35 and US-50. These projects involved more than 500,000 yd2 of concrete pavement, worth approximately $10,000,000. The suspected contamination was first detected by a geological investigation on slices of cores and beam samples randomly taken from the project as well as on loose coarse aggregate samples larger than 4.75 mm (U.S. No. 4) sieve size. Freeze-thaw tests (ASTM C-666; Procedure B) on the cores and beams retrieved from these projects indicated that the samples with higher percentages of aggregate contamination did not meet the KDOT specifications for durable concrete. Results of ASTM C-666 (Procedure B) tests on the beam samples prepared with increasing percentages of nondurable aggregate (contaminant) show that higher expansion and lower durability correlate very well with the increasing percentage of contaminants. An analysis of service life adjustments made because of the ranges of contamination detected in the project cores indicates a reduced service life of 5.1 percent for the I-35 concrete pavement and 5.5 percent for the concrete pavement placed on US-50.

Friction and Texture Retention of Concrete Pavements

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-465
Author(s):  
Satyavati Komaragiri ◽  
Armen Amirkhanian ◽  
Amit Bhasin
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Polishing Process ◽  
Friction Tester ◽  
Circular Track ◽  
Grinding Operations ◽  
Better Than

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Alabama Department of Transportation (ALDOT), U.S., noticed a decline in skid trailer numbers on concrete pavements shortly after grinding operations. The engineers at the time suspected that the coarse aggregate caused the decline in these numbers and the resulting conclusion led to a ban of carbonate aggregates in mainline concrete pavement in Alabama that is still in place. This detailed laboratory study re-examines the fundamental friction issues that led to this policy. A total of 48 aggregate, grinding, and grooving combinations were tested as part of this study. Three aggregate sources were examined: a siliceous source, a “hard” limestone source, and a “soft” limestone source. Two blade spacings were examined for grinding operations: 52 blades/ft and 60 blades/ft. Some ground specimens were also grooved. Finally, a set of specimens had the Next Generation Concrete Surface (NGCS) applied to them. The specimens were polished with the National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) three-wheel polishing device (TWPD). The dynamic friction tester was used to evaluate friction values at various points through the polishing process. After the polishing, the macrotexture was characterized using the circular track meter. Across the board, the highest performing texture was that with no grooves and 52 blades/ft. Very generally, the loss of friction decreased with increasing siliceous content. However, some of the trends were extremely minor and, in a few cases, siliceous aggregates caused higher friction loss. There were numerous instances when blended carbonate/siliceous concrete pavement surfaces performed better than sole siliceous concrete pavement surfaces.

Durability of Pavement Concretes Made with Recycled Concrete Aggregates

2012 ◽  
Vol 2290 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendra Jain ◽  
Kho Pin Verian ◽  
Jan Olek ◽  
Nancy Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Base Material ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Chloride Permeability ◽  
Concrete Aggregates ◽  
Recycled Concrete Aggregates ◽  
Air Content ◽  
Concrete Mixtures

There is a growing trend to replace the traditional ingredients of concrete pavement mixtures with more sustainable materials from a perspective of both the cost of raw materials and the carbon dioxide footprint. The availability of quality natural aggregates, which make up about 70% to 80% of concrete (by volume), is becoming more limited because of environmental restrictions on quarrying operations and longer hauling distances. The other major concern is disposal of old concrete pavements, which unless used as fill or base material for construction of new roadways, will have to be placed in the landfills. In this study, recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) obtained from crushing old concrete pavement were used as coarse aggregates at 0%, 30%, 50%, and 100% replacement levels (by mass) for natural virgin aggregates (NVA). Concrete mixtures were designed and produced to meet the concrete pavement requirements for air content, slump, and flexural strength stipulated by the Indiana Department of Transportation. All concrete mixtures were produced with 18.5% to 20.0% of the cement replaced (by mass) with ASTM C618 Class C fly ash. The physical and mechanical testing involved evaluation of slump, air content, and development of both flexural and compressive strengths. In addition, durability was assessed with the freeze–thaw test, scaling test, rapid chloride permeability (RCP) test, and non–steady state migration test. The most advantageous dosages for replacing NVA with RCA for concrete pavements were found to be 50%, on the basis of fresh concrete properties and the results of strength and durability tests. The applicability of electrical impedance spectroscopy for quick performance appraisal is presented on the basis of the experimental relationship between the RCP charge and bulk resistance of concrete.

Guidance for Increasing the Use of Recycled Concrete Pavement Materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Cavalline ◽  
Mark Snyder ◽  
Tom Cackler ◽  
Peter Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Pavement Materials ◽  
Concrete Aggregates ◽  
Recycled Concrete Aggregates ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
Pavement Recycling ◽  
The Us

Recycling concrete pavements has been a common practice in the US for decades, and recently, public agencies have been more closely examining recycling opportunities. Reasons supporting recycling include the diminishing quantity of good natural materials, economics, improved project execution, minimizing traffic disruption, and supporting sustainability goals. Many states, however, have specifications or policies that restrict concrete pavement recycling. The contracting industry may overlook opportunities to use recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) due to a lack of familiarity with technical requirements or uncertainty of performance. The National Concrete Pavement Technology Center (CP Tech Center) recently completed a comprehensive set of technical resources for the Federal Highway Administration to assist practitioners with sound approaches to project selection, scoping and construction requirements to support increased use of recycled concrete pavement materials. This paper describes the results of a 2016 survey of agency and industry RCA usage, presents an overview of the technical resources prepared as part of this initiative, and presents recommendations for supporting broader application of recycling concrete pavement materials.

New Long-Life Concrete Pavements in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohuslav Slánský ◽  
Vit Šmilauer ◽  
Jiří Hlavatý ◽  
Richard Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Isothermal Calorimetry ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Hydration Kinetics

A jointed plain concrete pavement represents a reliable, historically proven technical solution for highly loaded roads, highways, airports and other industrial surfaces. Excellent resistance to permanent deformations (rutting) and also durability and maintenance costs play key roles in assessing the economic benefits, rehabilitation plans, traffic closures, consumption and recycling of materials. In the history of concrete pavement construction, slow-to-normal hardening Portland cement was used in Czechoslovakia during the 1970s-1980s. The pavements are being replaced after 40-50 years of service, mostly due to vertical slab displacements due to missing dowel bars. However, pavements built after 1996 used rapid hardening cements, resulting in long-term surface cracking and decreased durability. In order to build durable concrete pavements, slower hardening slag-blended binders were designed and tested in the restrained ring shrinkage test and in isothermal calorimetry. Corresponding concretes were tested mainly for the compressive/tensile strength evolution and deicing salt-frost scaling to meet current specifications. The pilot project was executed on a 14 km highway, where a unique temperature-strain monitoring system was installed to provide long-term data from the concrete pavement. A thermo-mechanical coupled model served for data validation, showing a beneficial role of slower hydration kinetics. Continuous monitoring interim results at 24 months have revealed small curling induced by drying and the overall small differential shrinkage of the slab.

Can Soy Methyl Esters Improve Concrete Pavement Joint Durability?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2290 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Golias ◽  
Javier Castro ◽  
Alva Peled ◽  
Tommy Nantung ◽  
Bernard Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Concrete Durability ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Fluid Saturation ◽  
Soy Methyl Ester ◽  
Term Performance

Although many concrete pavements provide excellent long-term performance, some pavements (primarily in the Midwest) have shown premature deterioration at the joints. This premature deterioration is a concern because such deterioration can shorten the life of pavements that are otherwise functioning well. Previous work has hypothesized that these joints may be susceptible to preferential fluid saturation, which can lead to freeze–thaw damage or chemical degradation. This work examines the use of soy methyl ester–polystyrene (SME-PS) blends as a method to reduce the rate of fluid ingress into the pore system of the concrete and thereby make the concrete more resistant to deterioration. SME-PS is derived from soybeans and has demonstrated an ability to reduce fluid absorption in concrete when used as a topical treatment. A series of experiments was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of various dosage rates of SME-PS for increasing concrete durability at pavement joints. The experiments show that SME-PS reduces fluid ingress, salt ingress, and the potential for freeze–thaw damage. As a result of the positive experimental results, the Indiana Department of Transportation is conducting field trials that use SME-PS on concrete pavements that are beginning to show signs of premature deterioration with the expectation that SME-PS will extend the life of the joints and thereby reduce maintenance cost and extend the life of concrete pavements.

Study on Cement Concrete Pavement Treatment Methods of Common Damage Diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 716-717 ◽  
pp. 307-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Gen Liu ◽  
Fu Ming Xu ◽  
Guo Bin Cao
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Jilin Province ◽  
Fracture Dislocation ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Corner Crack ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Cement Concrete Pavement

This paper analyzed for common diseases treatment methods for cement pavement in Jilin province seasonal freeze-thaw area, based on the analyses, disease prevention and repair methods have been put forward for water deposit, fracture, dislocation, potholes, arch, plate corner crack and uneven settlement, the research results have certain reference meanings for cement pavement maintenance.

scholarly journals Effect of River Indus Sand and Recycled Concrete Aggregates as Fine and Coarse Replacement on Properties of Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3832-3835 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Sandhu ◽  
M. T. Lakhiar ◽  
A. A. Jhatial ◽  
H. Karira ◽  
Q. B. Jamali
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Recycled Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Aggregates ◽  
Recycled Concrete Aggregates ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
River Indus ◽  
Concrete Materials

As the demand for concrete rises, the concrete materials demand increases. Aggregates occupy 75% of concrete. A vast amount of aggregates is utilized in concrete while aggregate natural resources are reducing. To overcome this problem, River Indus sand (RIS) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) were utilized as fine and coarse aggregate respectively. The aim of this experimental investigation is to evaluate the workability, and compressive and tensile strength of concrete utilizing RIS and RCA. Concrete samples of 1:2:4 proportions were cast, water cured for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, and tested for compressive and tensile strength. The outcomes demonstrate that concrete possessed less workability when RIS and RCA were utilized. It was predicted that compressive strength of concrete would reduce up to 1.5% when 50% RIS and 50% RCA were utilized in concrete and 11.5% when natural aggregate was fully replaced by RIS and RCA, whereas the tensile strength decreased up to 1.60% when 50% by 12% respectively.

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