scholarly journals Polyculturalism and Sexist Attitudes

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Rosenthal ◽  
Sheri R. Levy ◽  
Maria Militano
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Sexist Attitudes ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Sexist Beliefs

In cultural contexts in which sexist beliefs are considered traditional, shifts toward gender equality represent an example of cultural change. Polyculturalism is defined as the belief that cultures change constantly through different racial and ethnic groups’ interactions, influences, and exchanges with each other and, therefore, are dynamic and socially constructed rather than static. Thus, polyculturalism may involve openness to cultural change and, thereby, would be expected to be associated with lower sexist attitudes. Four studies (both cross-sectional and longitudinal) with undergraduate and community samples in the Northeastern United States tested whether endorsement of polyculturalism is inversely associated with sexism, above and beyond potentially confounding belief systems. Across studies, for both women and men, endorsement of polyculturalism was associated with lower sexist attitudes for two classes of sexism measures: (a) attitudes toward the rights and roles of women and (b) ambivalent sexist attitudes toward women. Associations remained significant while controlling for potentially confounding variables (colorblindness, conservatism, egalitarianism, gender and ethnic identity, gender and race essentialism, multiculturalism, right-wing authoritarianism, and social dominance orientation). Greater openness to criticizing one’s culture mediated polyculturalism’s association with attitudes toward the rights and roles of women but not with ambivalent sexist attitudes toward women. Studying polyculturalism may provide unique insights into sexism, and more work is needed to understand the mechanisms involved.

A Head-to-Head Comparison of Big-Five Types and Traits in the Prediction of Social Attitudes

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Roth ◽  
Gernot von Collani
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Cluster Solution ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Typological Approach

Abstract. Based on the recent findings that show evidence in favor of five rather than three prototypes in Big Five questionnaire data, the main aim of this study was to evaluate a five-cluster solution. The cluster solution is compared with a Big Five variable-centered approach regarding their relative utility in the concurrent prediction of social attitudes in an adult, nonstudent sample. In addition to the Big Five personality variables, we also assessed social attitudes (generalized prejudice, right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation) and resiliency. Performing head-to-head comparisons to evaluate the goodness of cluster-solutions, our study again provides strong evidence that the five-cluster solution is superior to the three-cluster solution. The results also suggest that in fair comparisons (e.g., dichotomized Big Five scores) the typological approach can compete with the dimensional approach in predicting criterion variables. Furthermore, we have been able to show that the typological approach based on Big Five personality variables can lead to reasonable predictions and new insights with respect to social attitudes and ideological belief systems.

scholarly journals In search of the antecedents of adolescent authoritarianism: the relative contribution of parental goal promotion and parenting style dimensions

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Duriez ◽  
Bart Soenens ◽  
Maarten Vansteenkiste
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Style ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Need Support ◽  
Parental Rearing ◽  
Parenting Goals

Although research drew attention to the importance of both parental goal promotion and parental rearing style in explaining adolescent authoritarian submission (Right‐Wing Authoritarianism or RWA) and authoritarian dominance (Social Dominance Orientation or SDO), research failed to examine their combined effects. This study examines the relative contribution of parenting goals (i.e. extrinsic vs. intrinsic and conservation goals) and styles (i.e. need support and regulation) and their interactions in the prediction of adolescent RWA and SDO. Cross‐sectional analyses show that, whereas parenting goals and styles and their interactions predict RWA, SDO is predicted by parental goals only. However, in a second, longitudinal study, changes in RWA and SDO were predicted by parenting goals only. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Personality and Social Psychology Factors Explaining Sexism

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazar Akrami ◽  
Bo Ekehammar ◽  
Fan Yang-Wallentin
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Causal Modeling ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Psychology Perspective

Previous research has almost exclusively examined sexism (negative attitudes toward women) from either a personality or a social-psychology perspective. In two studies (N = 379 and 182, respectively), we combine these perspectives and examine whether sexism is best explained by personality (Big-Five factors, social dominance orientation, and right-wing authoritarianism) or by social-psychological (group membership and group identification) variables – or by a combination of both approaches. Causal modeling and multiple regression analyses showed that, with the present set of variables, sexism was best explained by considering the combined influence of both personality- and social-psychology constructs. The findings imply that it is necessary to integrate various approaches to explain prejudice.

scholarly journals The Underpinnings of Ageism: Multiple Mediational Model of Epistemological Style, Social Dominance Orientation, Right-Wing Authoritarianism, and Ageist Attitudes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Richard S. Henry ◽  
Paul B. Perrin ◽  
Erin R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Dominance ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
National Study ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Naive Realism ◽  
Naïve Realism ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism

This study seeks to understand the psychological factors that may contribute to the development and endorsement of ageist belief systems. Dual process theory is used to examine how one’s worldview, beliefs in social hierarchy, authoritarian aggression, authoritarian submission, and conventionalism predict ageist attitudes. Participants living in the United States (n = 407) in 49 states and territories were recruited through this online national study and completed surveys of their ageist beliefs, epistemological style, social dominance orientation (SDO), and right-wing authoritarianism (RWA). RWA, SDO, and naïve realism were all positively associated with ageist beliefs. A hypothesized path model and two alternative models suggested the retention of a model whereby naïve realism led to RWA, which led to SDO, and finally to ageism. All possible direct and indirect effects were significant within the retained model, suggesting the presence of a multiple mediation. The fit of this model was superior to that of models testing alternative theoretical causal chains. Naïve realism may lead to authoritarian aggression, authoritarian submission, and conventionalism, which may then increase the value that people place on social hierarchies, and this may influence the development and retention of ageist beliefs. Helping people to understand what their basic beliefs about the world are and how they may play a role in the development of ageism may assist in reducing ageist attitudes.

scholarly journals Is Sexism a Gender Issue? A Motivated Social Cognition Perspective on Men's and Women's Sexist Attitudes toward Own and Other Gender

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Roets ◽  
Alain Van Hiel ◽  
Kristof Dhont
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Ambivalent Sexism ◽  
Need For Closure ◽  
Motivated Cognition ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Sexist Attitudes ◽  
A Minor

The present research investigated the antecedents of ambivalent sexism (i.e., hostile and benevolent forms) in both men and women toward own and other gender. In two heterogeneous adult samples (Study 1: N = 179 and Study 2: N = 222), it was revealed that gender itself was only a minor predictor of sexist attitudes compared with the substantial impact of individual differences in general motivated cognition (i.e., need for closure). Analyses further showed that the relationship between need for closure and sexism was mediated by social attitudes (i.e., right–wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation), which were differently related to benevolent and hostile forms of sexism. In the discussion, it is argued that sexism primarily stems from individual differences in motivated cognitive style, which relates to peoples‘ perspective on the social world, rather than from group differences between men and women. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Feeling Threatened by Immigrants: The Role of Ideology and Subjective Societal Status

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bollwerk ◽  
Bernd Schlipphak ◽  
Joscha Stecker ◽  
Jens Hellmann ◽  
Gerald Echterhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Threat Perceptions ◽  
Contextual Determinants ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts ◽  
And Gender

Threat perceptions towards immigrants continue to gain importance in the context of growing international migration. To reduce associated intergroup conflicts, it is crucial to understand the personal and contextual determinants of perceived threat. In a large online survey study (N = 1,184), we investigated the effects of ideology (i.e., Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation), subjective societal status (SSS) and their interaction effects in predicting symbolic and realistic threat perceptions towards Middle Eastern immigrants. Results showed that ideology (higher RWA and SDO) and lower SSS significantly predicted both symbolic and realistic threat, even after controlling for income, education, age, and gender. Furthermore, ideology and SSS interacted significantly in predicting realistic threat, with higher levels of SDO and RWA enhancing the effect of SSS. In the discussion, we focus on the implications of our findings with respect to understanding societal conflicts, discuss methodological limitations, and provide directions for future research.

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