scholarly journals Change of Direction Biomechanics in a 180-Degree Pivot Turn and the Risk for Noncontact Knee Injuries in Youth Basketball and Floorball Players

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110269
Author(s):  
Mari Leppänen ◽  
Jari Parkkari ◽  
Tommi Vasankari ◽  
Sami Äyrämö ◽  
Juha-Pekka Kulmala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Knee Injury ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Peak Knee

Background: Studies investigating biomechanical risk factors for knee injuries in sport-specific tasks are needed. Purpose: To investigate the association between change of direction (COD) biomechanics in a 180-degree pivot turn and knee injury risk among youth team sport players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 258 female and male basketball and floorball players (age range, 12-21 years) participated in the baseline COD test and follow-up. Complete data were obtained from 489 player-legs. Injuries, practice, and game exposure were registered for 12 months. The COD test consisted of a quick ball pass before and after a high-speed 180-degree pivot turn on the force plates. The following variables were analyzed: peak vertical ground-reaction force (N/kg); peak trunk lateral flexion angle (degree); peak knee flexion angle (degree); peak knee valgus angle (degree); peak knee flexion moment (N·m/kg); peak knee abduction moment (N·m/kg); and peak knee internal and external rotation moments (N·m/kg). Legs were analyzed separately and the mean of 3 trials was used in the analysis. Main outcome measure was a new acute noncontact knee injury. Results: A total of 18 new noncontact knee injuries were registered (0.3 injuries/1000 hours of exposure). Female players sustained 14 knee injuries and male players 4. A higher rate of knee injuries was observed in female players compared with male players (incidence rate ratio, 6.2; 95% CI, 2.1-21.7). Of all knee injuries, 8 were anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, all in female players. Female players displayed significantly larger peak knee valgus angles compared with male players (mean for female and male players, respectively: 13.9°± 9.4° and 2.0°± 8.5°). No significant associations between biomechanical variables and knee injury risk were found. Conclusion: Female players were at increased risk of knee and ACL injury compared with male players. Female players performed the 180-degree pivot turn with significantly larger knee valgus compared with male players. However, none of the investigated variables was associated with knee injury risk in youth basketball and floorball players.

scholarly journals Stiff Landings Are Associated With Increased ACL Injury Risk in Young Female Basketball and Floorball Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Leppänen ◽  
Kati Pasanen ◽  
Urho M. Kujala ◽  
Tommi Vasankari ◽  
Pekka Kannus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Acl Injury Risk

Background: Few prospective studies have investigated the biomechanical risk factors of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Purpose: To investigate the relationship between biomechanical characteristics of vertical drop jump (VDJ) performance and the risk of ACL injury in young female basketball and floorball players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: At baseline, a total of 171 female basketball and floorball players (age range, 12-21 years) participated in a VDJ test using 3-dimensional motion analysis. The following biomechanical variables were analyzed: (1) knee valgus angle at initial contact (IC), (2) peak knee abduction moment, (3) knee flexion angle at IC, (4) peak knee flexion angle, (5) peak vertical ground-reaction force (vGRF), and (6) medial knee displacement. All new ACL injuries, as well as match and training exposure, were then recorded for 1 to 3 years. Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. Results: Fifteen new ACL injuries occurred during the study period (0.2 injuries/1000 player-hours). Of the 6 factors considered, lower peak knee flexion angle (HR for each 10° increase in knee flexion angle, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.34-0.88) and higher peak vGRF (HR for each 100-N increase in vGRF, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.09-1.45) were the only factors associated with increased risk of ACL injury. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.6 for peak knee flexion and 0.7 for vGRF, indicating a failed-to-fair combined sensitivity and specificity of the test. Conclusions: Stiff landings, with less knee flexion and greater vGRF, in a VDJ test were associated with increased risk of ACL injury among young female basketball and floorball players. However, although 2 factors (decreased peak knee flexion and increased vGRF) had significant associations with ACL injury risk, the ROC curve analyses revealed that these variables cannot be used for screening of athletes.

Zapateado Technique as an Injury Risk in Mexican Folkloric and Spanish Dance: An Analysis of Execution, Ground Reaction Force, and Muscle Strength

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soledad Echegoyen ◽  
Takeshi Aoyama ◽  
Cristina Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Lateral Plane ◽  
Muscle Groups

Zapateado is a repetitive percussive footwork in dance. This percussive movement, and the differences in technique, may be risk factors for injury. A survey on zapateado dance students found a rate of 1.5 injuries/1,000 exposures. Knee injuries are more frequent than in Spanish dancers than folkloric dancers. The aim of this research was to study the relationship between technique and ground reaction force between zapateado on Spanish and Mexican folkloric dancers. Ten female dance students (age 22.4 ± 4 yrs), six Spanish dancers and four Mexican folkloric dancers, were considered. Each student performed zapateado with a flat foot, wearing high-heeled shoes during 5 seconds on a force platform. Videotapes were taken on a lateral plane, and knee and hip angles in each movement phase were measured with Dartfish software. Additionally, knee and ankle flexor and extensor strength was measured with a dynamometer. Ground reaction forces were lower for Spanish dancers than Mexican folkloric dancers. Spanish dancers had less knee flexion when the foot contacted to the ground than did Mexican folkloric dancers. On Spanish dancers, the working leg had more motion in relation to hip and knee angles than was seen in folkloric dancers. The ankle extensors were stronger on folkloric dancers, and there were no differences for the other muscle groups. Knee flexion at foot contact and muscle strength imbalance could be risk factors for injuries. It is suggested that the technique in Spanish dance in Mexico be reviewed, although more studies are required to define more risk factors.

scholarly journals The Kinematics and Kinetics Analysis of the Lower Extremity in the Landing Phase of a Stop-jump Task

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Yin ◽  
D Sun ◽  
Q.C Mei ◽  
Y.D Gu ◽  
J.S Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Contact Phase ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics

Large number of studies showed that landing with great impact forces may be a risk factor for knee injuries. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the different landing loads to lower extremity of both genders and examine the relationships among selected lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during the landing of a stop-jump task. A total of 35 male and 35 female healthy subjects were recruited in this study. Each subject executed five experiment actions. Lower extremity kinematics and kinetics were synchronously acquired. The comparison of lower extremity kinematics for different genders showed significant difference. The knee and hip maximum flexion angle, peak ground reaction force and peak knee extension moment have significantly decreased during the landing of the stop-jump task among the female subjects. The hip flexion angle at the initial foot contact phase showed significant correlation with peak ground reaction force during landing of the stop-jump task (r=-0.927, p<0.001). The knee flexion angle at the initial foot contact phase had significant correlation with peak ground reaction force and vertical ground reaction forces during landing of the stop-jump task (r=-0.908, p<0.001; r=0.812, P=0.002). A large hip and knee flexion angles at the initial foot contact with the ground did not necessarily reduce the impact force during landing, but active hip and knee flexion motions did. The hip and knee flexion motion of landing was an important technical factor that affects anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading during the landing of the stop-jump task.

Patellofemoral Joint Stress during Running with Added Load in Females

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (06) ◽  
pp. 412-418
Author(s):  
Molly Kujawa ◽  
Aleyna Goerlitz ◽  
Drew Rutherford ◽  
Thomas W. Kernozek
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Patellofemoral Joint ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Foot Strike ◽  
Quadriceps Force

AbstractPatellofemoral joint (PFJ) pain syndrome is a commonly reported form of pain in female runners and military personnel. Increased PFJ stress may be a contributing factor. Few studies have examined PFJ stress running with added load. Our purpose was to analyze PFJ stress, PFJ reaction force, quadriceps force, knee flexion angle, and other kinematic and temporospatial variables running with and without a 9 kg load. Nineteen females ran across a force platform with no added load and 9.0 kg weight vest. Kinematic data were collected using 3D motion capture and kinetic data with a force platform. Muscle forces were estimated using a musculoskeletal model, and peak PFJ loading variables were calculated during stance. Multivariate analyses were run on PFJ loading variables and on cadence, step length and foot strike index. Differences were shown in PFJ stress, PFJ reaction force, peak knee flexion angle and quadriceps force. Joint specific kinetic variables increased between 5–16% with added load. PFJ loading variables increased with 9 kg of added load without changes in cadence, step length, or foot strike index compared to no load. Added load appears to increase the PFJ loading variables associated with PFJ pain in running.

Combined Effects of Fatigue and Surface Instability on Jump Biomechanics in Elite Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 781-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Prieske ◽  
Marie Demps ◽  
Melanie Lesinski ◽  
Urs Granacher
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Surface Instability ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Stable Surfaces

AbstractThe present study aimed to examine the effects of fatigue and surface instability on kinetic and kinematic jump performance measures. Ten female and 10 male elite volleyball players (18±2 years) performed repetitive vertical double-leg box jumps until failure. Pre and post fatigue, jump height/performance index, ground reaction force and knee flexion/valgus angles were assessed during drop and countermovement jumps on stable and unstable surfaces. Fatigue, surface condition, and sex resulted in significantly lower drop jump performance and ground reaction force (p≤0.031, 1.1≤d≤3.5). Additionally, drop jump knee flexion angles were significantly lower following fatigue (p=0.006, d=1.5). A significant fatigue×surface×sex interaction (p=0.020, d=1.2) revealed fatigue-related decrements in drop jump peak knee flexion angles under unstable conditions and in men only. Knee valgus angles were higher on unstable compared to stable surfaces during drop jumps and in females compared to males during drop and countermovement jumps (p≤0.054, 1.0≤d≤1.1). Significant surface×sex interactions during countermovement jumps (p=0.002, d=1.9) indicated that knee valgus angles at onset of ground contact were significantly lower on unstable compared to stable surfaces in males but higher in females. Our findings revealed that fatigue and surface instability resulted in sex-specific knee motion strategies during jumping in elite volleyball players.

scholarly journals A Novel Experimental Knee-Pain Model Affects Perceived Pain and Movement Biomechanics

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew K. Seeley ◽  
Jihong Park ◽  
Daniel King ◽  
J. Ty Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Knee Pain ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Pain Model ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Perceived Pain

Context: Knee injuries are prevalent, and the associated knee pain is linked to disability. The influence of knee pain on movement biomechanics, independent of other factors related to knee injuries, is difficult to study and unclear. Objective: (1) To evaluate a novel experimental knee-pain model and (2) better understand the independent effects of knee pain on walking and running biomechanics. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twelve able-bodied volunteers (age = 23 ± 3 years, height = 1.73 ± 0.09 m, mass = 75 ± 14 kg). Intervention(s): Participants walked and ran at 3 time intervals (preinfusion, infusion, and postinfusion) for 3 experimental conditions (control, sham, and pain). During the infusion time interval for the pain and sham conditions, hypertonic or isotonic saline, respectively, was continuously infused into the right infrapatellar fat pad for 22 minutes. Main Outcome Measure(s): We used repeated-measures analyses of variance to evaluate the effects of time and condition on (1) perceived knee pain and (2) key biomechanical characteristics (ground reaction forces, and joint kinematics and kinetics) of walking and running (P &lt; .05). Results: The hypertonic saline infusion (1) increased perceived knee pain throughout the infusion and (2) reduced discrete characteristics of each component of the walking ground reaction force, walking peak plantar-flexion angle (range = 62°–67°), walking peak plantar-flexion moment (range = 95–104 N·m), walking peak knee-extension moment (range = 36–49 N·m), walking peak hip-abduction moment (range = 62–73 N·m), walking peak support moment (range = 178–207 N·m), running peak plantar-flexion angle (range = 38°–77°), and running peak hip-adduction angle (range = 5–21°). Conclusions: This novel experimental knee pain model consistently increased perceived pain during various human movements and produced altered running and walking biomechanics that may cause abnormal knee joint-loading patterns.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Knee Valgus and Ground Reaction Force in Soccer Players Using Soccer Boots Landing on an Official Artificial Turf

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
João Gustavo Claudino ◽  
Bruno Mezêncio ◽  
Rafael Soncin ◽  
Juliana Pennone ◽  
João Pedro Pinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Valgus Knee ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Artificial Turf ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: There is a high incidence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries in soccer and 37% of this happens during landing after a jumping event. The measure of valgus knee moment during landing of a Drop Jump (DJ) has been considered a gold standard test to predict the risk of ACL injury in young athletes. Furthermore, researchers have used 2D frontal angle of the knee trying to make a practical tool to evaluate this injury risk, however, to the best of our knowledge, there is no studies about the relationship between mechanical load and 2D dynamic knee valgus parameters. Purpose: To verify the relationship between kinetics and kinematics ACL injury risk factors: the GRF and the a) peak knee valgus; b) valgus knee displacement in soccer players wearing soccer boots landing on an official synthetic turf. Methods: Twenty Brazilian soccer players, 15-17 years old, with 176.6 ± 6.4 cm of height and 67.4 ± 8.1 kg of body mass participated in this study. Following familiarization, subjects performed the DJ from a height of 40 cm. They landed on two force plates synchronized with Vicon system for kinetic and kinematic analyses, respectively. Results: Only valgus knee displacement (-1.4 ± 7.0 °) and antero-posterior component of GRF (-0.402 ± 0.097 BW) presented a significant relationship (r = 0.353; p = 0.025). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between knee valgus displacement and GRF antero-posterior component for soccer players in an official artificial turf using soccer boots.

scholarly journals Diferencias de género en la estabilización de rodilla en aterrizajes de salto (Gender differneces in knee stabilization in landings)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 178-179
Author(s):  
Adrián Feria Madueño ◽  
Moises De Hoyo Lora ◽  
Kevin Fernandez Roldan ◽  
Sergio Romero Boza ◽  
Jesús Mateo Cortés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Knee Injury ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Stabilization Time ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
First Contact

Los aterrizajes monopodales representan situaciones de riesgo de lesión de rodilla. Entre los factores para su determinación, se encuentran la flexión de rodilla y el tiempo de estabilización, los cuales parecen jugar un papel fundamental en el desencadenamiento de alguna lesión. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar las diferencias de género sobre la estabilización de rodilla tras el aterrizaje de saltos en sujetos físicamente activos. La muestra estuvo constituida por cuarenta sujetos (M=20; H=20; 24.16 ± 2.6 años; altura = 1.76 ± 0.08 m; peso = 73.42 ± 11.74 kg; IMC = 23.86 ± 2.78 kg·m-2). Ambos grupos realizaron 3 aterrizajes monopodales desde una altura de 30 cm, con 1 minuto de diferencia para cada intento. Se analizó el tiempo de estabilización sobre una plataforma de fuerza. La flexión de rodilla en el primer contacto y la máxima flexión también fueron analizadas, a través de fotogrametría. Las mujeres mostraron una mayor extensión de rodilla en los intentos 1 y 2 (p<0.05) en el contacto inicial. En el tercer intento, el tiempo de estabilización fue significativamente mayor en hombres que en mujeres (p<0.05), y la extensión de rodilla mayor en mujeres aunque no significativa. No se mostraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la flexión máxima en el aterrizaje en ninguno de los intentos (p>0.05). Según nuestros resultados, las mujeres manifiestan una extensión mayor en el contacto inicial de los aterrizajes, lo cual está relacionado con un incremento del riesgo de lesión de rodilla. Palabras clave: aterrizajes monopodales, lesiones de rodilla, estabilización.Abstract: Monopodal landings presents risk situations in knee injuries, and factors in determining are extremely clear. Among other factors, knee flexion and stabilization time are crucial factors in knee injury risk. The aim of this study was to find gender differences in knee stabilization in physically active people. The sample was constituted by fourty physically active people (M=20; F=20; 24.16 ± 2.6 years; height = 1.76 ± 0.08 m; weight = 73.42 ± 11.74 kg; BMI = 23.86 ± 2.78 kg·m-2). Both groups realised three monopodal landings from a height of 30 cm, pausing for one minute between three attempts. Time stabilization was analyzed on a force platform. Knee flexion at first contact and maximal flexion was analyzed by photogrammetry. Women showed more knee extension in 1 and 2 attempts (p<0,05) at first contact. On the third attempt, time stabilization was significantly greater in men than women (p<0,05), and knee extension was greater in women, although not significantly. Maximal flexion in landings didn´t show significantly results in any of attempts (p>0,05). Based on our results, women show a greater knee extension at first contact in landings, and this is related to increase of knee injury risk. Key words: monopodal landings, knee injuries, stabilization.

scholarly journals Kinematic Comparison between Medially Congruent and Posterior-Stabilized Third-Generation TKA Designs

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Stefano Ghirardelli ◽  
Jessica L. Asay ◽  
Erika A. Leonardi ◽  
Tommaso Amoroso ◽  
Thomas P. Andriacchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Posterior Stabilized ◽  
Rotational Angle ◽  
Peak Knee

Background: This study compares knee kinematics in two groups of patients who have undergone primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using two different modern designs: medially congruent (MC) and posterior-stabilized (PS). The aim of the study is to demonstrate only minimal differences between the groups. Methods: Ten TKA patients (4 PS, 6 MC) with successful clinical outcomes were evaluated through 3D knee kinematics analysis performed using a multicamera optoelectronic system and a force platform. Extracted kinematic data included knee flexion angle at heel-strike (KFH), peak midstance knee flexion angle (MSKFA), maximum and minimum knee adduction angle (KAA), and knee rotational angle at heel-strike. Data were compared with a group of healthy controls. Results: There were no differences in preferred walking speed between MC and PS groups, but we found consistent differences in knee function. At heel-strike, the knee tended to be more flexed in the PS group compared to the MC group; the MSKFA tended to be higher in the PS group compared to the MC group. There was a significant fluctuation in KAA during the swing phase in the PS group compared to the MC group, PS patients showed a higher peak knee flexion moment compared to MC patients, and the PS group had significantly less peak internal rotation moments than the MC group. Conclusions: Modern, third-generation TKA designs failed to reproduce normal knee kinematics. MC knees tended to reproduce a more natural kinematic pattern at heel-strike and during axial rotation, while PS knees showed better kinematics during mid-flexion.

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