Ambivalences of populism: The case of Catalan independentism

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gamper Sachse
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobilization ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Democratic Experience ◽  
Procedural Safeguards

Most of the Spanish media have portrayed Catalan independentism as nationalism and populism. This article argues that this political and social mobilization does not fit into the usual definitions of populism as anti-elitist, anti-liberal and anti-pluralistic movement. Catalan independentism is here interpreted by stressing its democratic features, namely as a form of democratic populism: horizontally organized, and critical of procedural safeguards and counter-majoritarian powers. The popular organization of the referendum on 1 October 2017 and the vigorous democratic experience by almost half of the population of Catalonia allow for a characterization of this populism as a hybrid phenomenon that includes bottom-up and top-down dynamics, thereby contrasting with the usual leader-centred understanding of populism.

Characterization of Human Sperm Protamine Proteoforms through a Combination of Top-Down and Bottom-Up Mass Spectrometry Approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Soler-Ventura ◽  
Marina Gay ◽  
Meritxell Jodar ◽  
Mar Vilanova ◽  
Judit Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up

scholarly journals Top-Down and Bottom-Up Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Human Myoglobin-Centered Free Radicals Induced by Oxidative Damage

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (16) ◽  
pp. 6236-6248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leesa J. Deterding ◽  
Suchandra Bhattacharjee ◽  
Dario C. Ramirez ◽  
Ronald P. Mason ◽  
Kenneth B. Tomer
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Human Myoglobin

Combined Top-Down and Bottom-Up Mass Spectrometric Approach to Characterization of Biomarkers for Renal Disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (22) ◽  
pp. 7163-7171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Chalmers ◽  
Colin Logan Mackay ◽  
Christopher L. Hendrickson ◽  
Stefan Wittke ◽  
Michael Walden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Approach

scholarly journals A functional context for heterogeneity of the circadian clock in cells

PLoS Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. e3000927
Author(s):  
Martha Merrow ◽  
Mary Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Circadian Period ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Stochastic Generation ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
Functional Context ◽  
Definition Of

Characterization of circadian systems at the organism level—a top-down approach—has led to definition of unifying properties, a hallmark of the science of chronobiology. The next challenge is to use a bottom-up approach to show how the molecular workings of the cellular circadian clock work as building blocks of those properties. We review new studies, including a recently published PLOS Biology paper by Nikhil and colleagues, that show how programmed but also stochastic generation of variation in cellular circadian period explain important adaptive features of entrained circadian phase.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of mesoporous zeolite from solid waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Hao Nguyen Truong Gia ◽  
Huy Tran Huynh Gia ◽  
Phuong Nguyen Thi Truc ◽  
Tu Le Nguyen Quang ◽  
Dung Nguyen Van ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Mesoporous Zeolite ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Gel Composition

In this study, experimental results on mesoporous zeolite preparation from a common solid waste, the rice husk ash by a top-down and bottom-up approach were reported. In top-down method, the consecutive treatments of zeolite by acid and alkaline in the presence of a cationic surfactant (CTAB) successfully generated mesopores in the zeolite. In bottom-up method, the sufficient added amount of CTAB in the gel composition could form mesopores in the zeolite. The obtained mesoporous zeolite possessed mesopore with a size of around 3-6 nm in both top-down and bottom-up approaches. As a result, the pore volume of the mesoporous zeolite was significantly increased by more than 60% when comparing to the “parent” rice-husk-ash derived zeolite. Significantly, the mesopore surface area of the mesoporous zeolite could be 2.4 times higher than that of the parent zeolite.

Photoluminescence and Raman mapping characterization of WS2 monolayers prepared using top-down and bottom-up methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 2589-2592 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. H. Wang ◽  
J. Q. Ning ◽  
C. C. Zheng ◽  
B. R. Zhu ◽  
L. Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tungsten Disulfide ◽  
Raman Mapping ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Pl Mapping ◽  
Mapping Techniques

Two kinds of tungsten disulfide (WS2) monolayers, respectively prepared using top-down and bottom-up approaches, were studied with Raman and photoluminescence (PL) mapping techniques.

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