Salivary Cortisol in Children: Correlations with Serum Values and Effect of Psychotropic Drug Administration

1991 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 746-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Blake Woodside ◽  
Kathy Winter ◽  
Sandra Fisman
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression Test ◽  
Regression Curves ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Paired Serum ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

This study compares the paired serum and salivary Cortisol levels of 60 children and adolescents, obtained while performing a routine Dexamethasone Suppression Test. The results reveal significant correlations between serum and salivary cortisol levels in both drug-free (r = 0.90, p <.001) and medicated patients (r = 0.81, p < .0001). Multiple regression analysis suggests that, while the slopes of the two regression curves are parallel (0.15 < p < 0.20), the intercepts are significantly different (p < 0.05). This study supports the use of salivary measures of cortisol for children and adolescents. The authors suggest care in the use these measures while the patient is taking psychotropic medication.

Comparison of 1 mg versus 2 mg Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Patients with Obesity

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 854-859
Author(s):  
Sandrine Urwyler ◽  
Nina Cupa ◽  
Mirjam Christ-Crain
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
False Positive ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression Test ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

AbstractIn this study, we compared the 2 mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) with the gold-standard 1 mg DST in obese patients in order to reduce the false-positive rate for Cushing’s syndrome (CS). The primary endpoint was the comparison of serum cortisol levels after 1 mg versus 2 mg DST in patients with a BMI >30 kg/m2 and at least one additional feature of the metabolic syndrome. Secondary endpoints were comparison of salivary cortisol and ACTH levels, respectively. Fifty-four obese patients were included. Median serum cortisol levels after 1 mg DST and 2 mg DST were similar [28 nmol/l (20; 36) vs. 28 nmol/l (20; 38), p=0.53]. Salivary cortisol was 8.2 nmol/l (4.7; 11.7) after the 1 mg DST vs. 6.7 nmol/l (4.2; 9.5) after the 2 mg test, p=0.09. ACTH levels were higher after the 1 mg DST compared to the 2 mg DST [10.0 pg/ml (7.6; 10.7) vs. 5.0 pg/ml (5.0; 5.1), p<0.0001]. The false positive rate after the 1 mg DST was 14.8% (n=8) and was reduced to 11.1% (n=6) after the 2 mg DST. All non-suppressors (n=8) had type 2 diabetes and most of them took a medication interacting with cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). In individuals with obesity, the 2 mg DST was not superior to the 1 mg DST in regard to serum cortisol levels. However, in some patients, particularly with poorly controlled diabetes or medication interacting with CYP3A4 and without adequate suppression after the 1 mg DST, the 2 mg DST might prove helpful to reduce the false-positive rate for CS. ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT02227420

How early can one diagnose Cushing’s disease? An early diagnosis in a case of prepubertal Cushing’s disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1043-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Hoppmann ◽  
Isabel V. Wagner ◽  
Gudrun Junghans ◽  
Stefan A. Wudy ◽  
Michael Buchfelder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression Test ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

Abstract Background: Cushing’s disease is very rare in children, and the diagnosis is frequently delayed by several years. Objective: We report a case of prepubertal Cushing’s disease with a medical history of only 9 months. This case illustrates the difficulties involved in diagnosing children at the early stage of the disease. Case presentation: An 8-year-old prepubertal boy presented with rapid weight gain accompanied by a decreasing growth velocity and hirsutism. Thyroid function tests and growth factor levels were normal, thus excluding hypothyroidism and growth hormone deficiency. Cushing’s syndrome was confirmed by elevated 24-h urinary free cortisol levels, increased diurnal cortisol levels, and a lack of cortisol suppression in the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test. Further tests to investigate the source of the hypercortisolism showed the following results: Basal morning adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was normal. The high-dose dexamethasone suppression test led to a 51% decrease in cortisol level. In the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) test, ACTH and cortisol increased only by 28%. Repeated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finally revealed a microadenoma in the anterior pituitary, thus establishng the diagnosis of Cushing’s disease. Upon diagnosis, the patient underwent transsphenoidal surgery. Histological analysis confirmed an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma. Conclusion: This case illustrates the difficulties associated with the clinical, biochemical, and radiological diagnoses of Cushing’s disease in children. Early diagnosis remains a challenge because test results often do not match standard diagnostic criteria.

Childhood traumata, Dexamethasone Suppression Test and psychiatric symptoms: a trans-diagnostic approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2037-2048 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Faravelli ◽  
S. Gorini Amedei ◽  
F. Rotella ◽  
L. Faravelli ◽  
A. Palla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression Test ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Hpa Response ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

BackgroundChildhood traumatic events and functional abnormalities of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis have been widely reported in psychiatric patients, although neither is specific for any diagnosis. Among the limited number of studies that have evaluated these topics, none has adopted a trans-diagnostic approach. The aim of the present research is to explore the relationship between childhood stressors, HPA axis function and psychiatric symptoms, independent of the diagnosis.MethodA total of 93 moderate to severely ill psychiatric out-patients of Florence and Pisa University Psychiatric Units and 33 healthy control subjects were recruited. The assessment consisted of salivary cortisol pre- and post-low dose (0.5 mg) Dexamethasone, early and recent life events, 121 psychiatric symptoms independent of diagnosis, SCID, BPRS.ResultsIn total, 33.5% of patients were Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) non-suppressors, compared with 6.1% of controls (p=0.001). Among patients, non-suppression was associated with particular symptoms (i.e. depressive and psychotic), but not to any specific diagnosis. Early stressful life events were significantly associated with higher salivary cortisol levels, with DST non-suppression and with approximately the same subset of symptoms. A recent stressful event seemed to be associated to the HPA response only in those subjects who were exposed to early traumata.ConclusionsOur report suggests a relationship between life stress, HPA axis and psychopathology. A cluster of specific psychiatric symptoms seems to be stress related. Moreover, it seems that an abnormal HPA response is possibly triggered by an excessive pressure in vulnerable individuals.

scholarly journals Salivary cortisol after overnight dexamethasone suppression test in different patient groups

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meral Mert ◽  
Refik Tanakol ◽  
Hande Karpuzoglu ◽  
Semra Dogru Abbasoglu ◽  
Ozlem Soyluk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression Test ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

scholarly journals Dexamethasone suppression test predicts later development of an impaired adrenal function after a 14-day course of prednisone in healthy volunteers

2010 ◽  
Vol 162 (5) ◽  
pp. 943-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Neidert ◽  
Philipp Schuetz ◽  
Beat Mueller ◽  
Mirjam Christ-Crain
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Score ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression Test ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Acth Test ◽  
Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽  
Basal Cortisol ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

BackgroundSuppression of the adrenal function after glucocorticoid treatment is common, potentially dangerous, and unpredictable. Identification of patients at risk is of clinical importance. We hypothesized that the dexamethasone suppression test predicts the development of corticosteroid-induced impaired adrenal function.MethodsWe included 39 healthy male volunteers. After a 1-μg ACTH test, all participants underwent an overnight 0.5-mg dexamethasone suppression test. Participants then took prednisone, 0.5 mg/kg body weight, for 14-day. After the withdrawal of prednisone, a 1-μg ACTH test was performed and a clinical score was assessed on days 1, 3, 7, and 21.ResultsOn days 1, 3, 7, and 21, 100, 50, 26.5 and 32.4% of the participants had a suppressed adrenal function. The risk of developing suppressed adrenal function decreased from 44 to 0% in patients with cortisol levels after the administration of dexamethasone in the lowest and highest quartiles respectively. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis performed to predict a suppressed adrenal function on day 7 after the withdrawal of prednisone showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.76 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58–0.89) for cortisol after the administration of dexamethasone, which was in the range of the AUC of 0.78 (95% CI 0.6–0.9) for pre-intervention cortisol after the administration of ACTH. Basal cortisol before intake of prednisone (AUC 0.62 (95% CI 0.44–0.78)) and the clinical score (AUC 0.64 (95% CI 0.45–0.79)) had significantly lower AUCs.ConclusionCirculating cortisol levels after a dexamethasone suppression test and a pre-intervention-stimulated cortisol level are predictive of later development of a suppressed adrenal function after a 14-day course of prednisone, and are superior to a clinical score or basal cortisol levels. This may allow a more targeted concept for the need of stress prophylaxis after cessation of steroid therapy.

Comparisons of plasma and salivary cortisol determinations for the diagnostic efficacy of the dexamethasone suppression test

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 897-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Harris ◽  
Sarah Watkins ◽  
Nigel Cook ◽  
Richard F. Walker ◽  
Graham F. Read ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression Test ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression
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