A Double-Blind, Multicentre Study of Paroxetine and Maprotiline in Major Depression

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Schnyder ◽  
Annemarie Koller-Leiser
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Nonsignificant Trend ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Hopkins Symptom Checklist ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale

Objective: This study was performed to compare the clinical efficacy, side effects, and safety of paroxetine and maprotiline, the latter being the most frequently prescribed antidepressant in Switzerland. Method: Seventy-one patients (in and outpatients) with major depression were randomly allocated to treatment with paroxetine (20 to 40 mg daily) or with maprotiline (50 to 150 mg daily). Efficacy was measured by means of the Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, the Clinical Global Impression, and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist. Results: The 2 components showed a similar efficacy. The adverse effect profile was comparable in the 2 treatment groups, although the findings showed a nonsignificant trend pointing in the direction of lower side effects with paroxetine. Conclusion: In the moderate dose regimens tested, the 2 components seemed to be of similar efficacy, with comparable profiles of side effects and safety.

A Double Blind Comparison of Alprazolam and Amitriptyline Hydrochloride in the Treatment of Nonpsychotic Depression

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Singh ◽  
N.P.V. Nair ◽  
B. Suranyi-Cadotte ◽  
G. Schwartz ◽  
E. Lizondo
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale ◽  
Amitriptyline Hydrochloride ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Blind Comparison ◽  
Nonpsychotic Depression

In a six week, double-blind, parallel study of alprazolam and amitriptyline hydrochloride in 130 outpatients suffering from moderate to severe nonpsychotic depression, alprazolam was as effective as amitriptyline hydrochloride in relieving depressive symptoms and significantly more effective in relieving symptoms of anxiety and somatization. Alprazolam showed an earlier onset of activity in most measurements of efficacy and produced fewer side effects than amitriptyline hydrochloride. Anticholinergic side effects were reported more frequently by patients taking amitriptyline hydrochloride, while drowsiness was reported more frequently by patients taking alprazolam. At the end of the study, the average daily doses were 2.4 mg alprazolam and 135 mg amitriptyline hydrochloride. The Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Physician's Global Impressions, Patients’ Global Impressions, Hopkins Self-Rating Symptom Scale, and Symptom and Side Effects Checklist were evaluated at the end of weeks 1, 2, 3 and 6 to determine and compare the efficacy and safety of the two study drugs.

Ziprasidone in Black Patients with Schizophrenia: Analysis of Four Short-term, Double-blind Studies

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 478-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Lawson ◽  
Barry K. Herman ◽  
Antony Loebel ◽  
Irina Lazariciu ◽  
Mansoor Malik
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale

ABSTRACTObjective: To better understand the efficacy and tolerability of atypical antipsychotics among racial groups, we reviewed data from four short-term (4–6 weeks), fixed-dose, placebo-controlled trials of ziprasidone for black, white, and overall populations of patients with schizophrenia.Methods: Efficacy of ziprasidone in the black, white, and overall schizophrenic populations was compared to placebo using standard efficacy measures (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS] total, PANSS negative, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale [BPRS], Clinical Global Impression-Severity [CGI-S], CGI-Improvement [CGI-I]).Results: Black patients receiving ziprasidone demonstrated statistically significant improvements from baseline in PANSS total, PANSS negative, and BPRS, and improvements in CGI-S and CGI-I (n=99–149) compared with placebo (n=41–66); improvements were comparable to those observed in the overall population (n=451–639) and the white population (n=310–430). Interaction effect (treatment by race) was not significant for any efficacy variables. Ziprasidone was well-tolerated among black patients (n=175). Adjusted mean (least squares mean) overall weight gain in black patients receiving ziprasidone (n=124) was 1.8 kg. There were no increases in total cholesterol, triglycerides, or random glucose in the black population.Conclusion: Ziprasidone has similar efficacy and safety in black patients with schizophrenia compared with patients in the white and overall populations.

The Efficacy of Electroconvulsive Therapy in the Treatment of Schizophrenia

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Abraham ◽  
P. Kulhara
Keyword(s):  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Double Blind Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Blind Trial ◽  
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
To Receive

The efficacy of ECT was investigated in a double-blind trial. Twenty-two patients with schizophrenia received trifluoperazine and were randomly allocated to receive eight real or eight simulated ECTs. In the first eight weeks, the group receiving real ECTs showed significantly more improvement as measured on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. However, the groups showed no significant differences from the twelfth week onwards. The superiority of real ECT was not confirmed at the end of six months.

Oxcarbazepine as an Adjunct of Antipsychotic Therapy in Acute Schizophrenia: A Double-blind, Randomised Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
D. Koethe ◽  
L. Kranaster ◽  
M. Hellmich ◽  
B.M. Nolden ◽  
J. Klosterkoetter
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Antipsychotic Therapy ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mixed Regression ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale

The outcome in treatment of schizophrenia is still not satisfactorily, and using the adjunctive administration of various anticonvulsant drugs adjunctive to antipsychotics has become widely distributed. This study determines the efficacy of oxcarbazepine combined to olanzapine in treatment of schizophrenia in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, add-on therapy, 7 week study in 54 patients suffering schizophreniform disorder or schizophrenia. Patients were randomized to oxcarbazepine or placebo and titrated up to 1800 mg/ day in week 1 and maintained at that dose for another 6 weeks. Treatment of olanzapine started at week 2 with 5 mg/day. According to weekly improvement in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), olanzapine dose was maintained constant or escalated in regular steps of 2.5 mg. Main outcome measure was the cumulative olanzapine dose from beginning administration of oxcarbazepine/placebo for a period of 42 days. Comparing treatment of oxcarbazepine and olanzapine with placebo and olanzapine, there was no difference in cumulative olanzapine doses in both groups. in the oxcarbazepine group was not significantly more rescue medication given. A mixed regression model was used to assess time trends in BPRS over the treatment period: the differences in the rate of change of BPRS in the two treatment groups suggested that the scores sank more rapidly in the oxcarbazepine group (p=0.063). Mean post-treatment aggression score also showed no significant difference. Results from this study do not support the use of OXC as an adjunct to atypical antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia.

An Open-Label Trial of Aripiprazole Monotherapy in Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 683-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Biederman ◽  
Eric Mick ◽  
Thomas Spencer ◽  
Robert Doyle ◽  
Gagan Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Pediatric Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Young Mania ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Aripiprazole is a novel second-generation antipsychotic approved for the treatment of bipolar disorder in adults but there is no systematic data available in pediatric bipolar disorder.Methods: This was an 8-week, open-label, prospective study of aripiprazole 9.4±4.2 mg/day monotherapy to assess the efficacy and tolerability of this compound in treating pediatric bipolar disorder. Assessments included the Young Mania Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale, and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Adverse events were assessed through spontaneous self-reports, vital signs weight monitoring, and laboratory analysis.Results: Fifteen of the 19 bipolar youth (79%) completed the study. Aripiprazole treatment was associated with clinically and statistically significant improvement in mean Young Mania Rating Scale scores (−18.0±6.9, P<.0001). With the important exception of two cases of extrapyramidal symptoms that precipitated dropout, aripiprazole was well tolerated with no statistically significant increase in body weight (1.8±1.7 kg, P=.2).Conclusion: Open-label aripiprazole treatment was beneficial in the treatment of mania in youth with bipolar disorder. Future placebo-controlled, double blind studies are warranted.

Treatment of Acute Mania with Ambient Air Anionization: Variants of Climactic Heat Stress and Serotonin Syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. James Giannini ◽  
Steven Melemis ◽  
Jocelyn D. Giannini ◽  
Juliette N. Giannini
Keyword(s):  
Serotonin Syndrome ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale

High concentrations of ambient anions (O2−) were used to augment treatment for 20 acutely manic male patients. Anions were produced by an anion generator in a sealed room. A double-blind crossover design was used, and responses were evaluated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale by 2 blinded raters. This produced a significant antimanic effect: total rating scores declined with anion treatment. Presham and postsham total scores for these 5 were 31.3 and 31.6, respectively. Pretreatment and posttreatment total scores were 31.6 and 26.3, respectively. Previous research indicates a role for serotonin in producing this antimanic effect.

A Comparative Trial of Depot Pipothiazine

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Steinert ◽  
A Neder ◽  
E Erba ◽  
C R Pugh ◽  
C Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Flupenthixol Decanoate

Thirty-nine chronic schizophrenic patients were selected for a 12-month double-blind evaluation of the effectiveness of pipothiazine palmitate (PPT) and flupenthixol decanoate (FPX) in the maintenance management of their illness. Allocation was at random and, in order to allow constant injection intervals, the patients typically received every 2 weeks either 40 mg of flupenthixol decanoate or alternating injections of 100 mg of pipothiazine palmitate and placebo. At monthly intervals the patients were assessed using both a battery of rating scales (which included the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale (EPS)) and a general side-effects evaluation. At 3-monthly intervals they were also rated on the Comprehensive Psychiatric Rating Scale (CPRS) and the Zung Depression Scale. Haematological and biochemical tests were performed every 3 months. Both drugs provided good control of psychotic symptoms and side-effects were not troublesome. No substantial difference was detected on the CPRS and the Zung scales. There was a trend in favour of PPT on the BPRS survey, detectable at 6 months and reaching statistical significance by 12 months. We conclude that the PPT regime is at least as effective as the FPX treatment and probably more so. It is possible that even longer periods of control could be obtained with PPT.

Sulpiride augmentation in people with schizophrenia partially responsive to clozapine

1997 ◽  
Vol 171 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roni Shiloh ◽  
Zvi Zemishlany ◽  
Dov Aizenberg ◽  
Marguerite Radwan ◽  
Bruria Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Clozapine Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale

BackgroundWe hypothesised that a combined regimen of clozapine, a relatively weak D2-dopaminergic antagonist, and sulpiride, a selective D2 blocker, would demonstrate a greater antipsychotic efficacy by enhancing the D2 blockade of clozapine.MethodTwenty-eight people with schizophrenia, previously unresponsive to typical antipsychotics and only partially responsive to current treatment with clozapine, received, double-blind, 600 mg/day sulpiride or placebo, in addition to an ongoing clozapine treatment. The clinical status was evaluated before, during, and at the end of 10 weeks of sulpiride addition using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression.ResultsThe clozapine–sulpiride group exhibited substantially greater and significant improvements in positive and negative psychotic symptoms. About half of them, characterised by a younger age and lower baseline SAPS scores, had a mean reduction of 42.4 and 50.4% in their BPRS and SAPS scores, respectively.ConclusionsA subgroup of patients with chronic schizophrenia may substantially benefit from sulpiride addition to clozapine.

Propranolol in Chronic Schizophrenia: A Controlled Study in Neuroleptic-Treated Patients

1980 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif H. Lindström ◽  
Eva Persson
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Placebo Treatment ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
High Doses

The effect of propranolol at a dose level of 1,280–1,920 mg per day was studied with a double-blind crossover design in twelve chronic schizophrenics with persistent psychotic symptoms despite maintenance treatment with a depot neuroleptic. By use of a psychiatric rating scale (CPRS), an improvement was seen during the two week period of propranolol compared to placebo treatment in six patients, whereas three patients were unchanged and three deteriorated. The effect on total symptom scores for the whole group was significantly better after propranolol. The data indicate that propranolol in high doses has an antipsychotic effect in some schizophrenic patients when receiving neuroleptics.

Comparison of Pimozide and Chlorpromazine in Acute Schizophrenia

1982 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Pecknold ◽  
D.J. Mcclure ◽  
T. Allan ◽  
L. Wrzesinski
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Acute Schizophrenia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale

A four week double-blind study comparing pimozide and chlorpromazine was designed to test the hypothesis that pimozide, a powerful dopamine receptor blocker, is more effective in the treatment of acute schizophrenia than chlorpromazine. Twenty patients, 13 males and 7 females ranging in age from 21 to 53 years (mean age 33 years) admitted to St. Mary's Hospital with acute schizophrenia were placed on the study. They were treated on an individual titrated dosage of either chlorpromazine 300 mg to 2100 mg, or pimozide 10 to 70 mg. The results revealed that on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, the chlorpromazine group significantly improved after one week, whereas the pimozide group showed no statistical improvement until the third week. By the end of the study no significant differences were apparent between the two groups. In the Clinical Global Impression Scale, a significant difference between the two groups was found at week 4 showing a greater improvement in the chlorpromazine group. In terms of adverse reactions, the chlorpromazine group had significantly fewer extrapyramidal symptoms than the pimozide group (Simpson and Angus Scale) and in addition 15 adverse reactions were noted for the pimozide group as compared with 8 for the chlorpromazine group. This study shows that chlorpromazine has an earlier onset of action than pimozide in the acute schizophrenic patient despite the fact that it has a weaker effect on the dopamine receptor than has pimozide. In view of this finding, the dopamine theory of schizophrenia should be critically re-examined.

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