Quantification and characterization of the municipal solid waste for sustainable waste management in newly formed municipalities of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1007-1018
Author(s):  
Dhundi Raj Pathak ◽  
Bandita Mainali ◽  
Hossam Abuel-Naga ◽  
Micheal Angove ◽  
Ing Kong
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Set Up

This study was conducted to set up a new reference line for municipal solid waste quantification and characterization in the least urbanized cities of a developing nation. A survey was run to collect baseline data from 60 new municipalities of Nepal. The study covered a sample size of 3300 households, 600 institutions and 600 commercial establishments in those municipalities. The municipalities were further stratified according to geographical location, the degree of urbanization, household expenditure and population size to assess the influence on waste generation. The results indicated that the average per capita household waste generation is 115 g day-1 while the average total municipal waste generation was estimated to be 180 g day-1 per capita.The study also revealed that size of municipal population, geographic location, household expenditure and degree of urbanization were found to have a significant influence on the unit waste generation. The larger the size of municipal population the higher the per capita household waste generation, degree of urbanization and per capita waste production. Increasing household expenditure revealed an increase in the unit waste generation. The waste categories included organic waste, plastics, paper and paper products, textiles, rubber and leather, metals, glass, and others. The results indicated that organic waste dominated the characterization (62%), followed by plastics (12%) and paper/paper products (11%).

scholarly journals Characterization and Quantification of Municipal Solid Waste in Jeetpur Simara Sub- Metropolitan City, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 45-47
Author(s):  
Yubraj Dahal ◽  
Bikash Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Metropolitan City

Waste management, being one of the most important aspects of urban development, is gaining importance among developing nation like Nepal where rapid population growth, unmanaged urbanization, lack of public awareness and poor management by municipalities have intensified environmental problems in towns in Nepal. In Nepal only six municipalities i.e. Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Pokhara, Dhankuta, Tansen and Ghorahi practice sanitary landfill for waste management and other municipality practices open dumping which has become major cause of environmental and human health hazards (ADB, 2013).Jeetpur Simara Sub-Metropolitan City (JSSMC) is a recently formed sub-metropolitan city. This city has not performed any study on solid waste management till date and lacks data on quantity and composition of municipal solid waste generation that facilitates effective planning of municipal solid waste management. The household survey revealed an average per capita household waste generation rate of 120 g/capita/day. The total Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generation is estimated about 15 tons/day and 5475 tons/year. The analysis of household waste composition indicated that the highest waste category was organic waste with 80% followed by plastics with 10%, paper and paper products with 6% and inert with 4%. The composition analysis of institutional wastes revealed 41% paper and paper products, 33% plastics, 13% organic wastes and 13% inert. The study found that commercial waste comprised 59% paper and paper products, 21% plastics, 17% organic and 3% inert. In aggregate, MSW is composed of 56% organic waste, 21% paper and paper products, 19% plastics, and 3% inert. HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue No: 22Page: 45-47Uploaded date: January 14, 2018

scholarly journals Determinants of Household Solid Waste Generation and Composition in Homs City, Syria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Mohamad Noufal ◽  
Liu Yuanyuan ◽  
Zena Maalla ◽  
Sylvia Adipah
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Household Solid Waste ◽  
Starting Point

The absence of accurate information on the state of waste is a challenge to the solid waste management system in Syria. The local authorities commonly estimate the quantity of waste produced and its characterisation, which is the starting point for solid waste management planning. So, this paper aims to evaluate the generation and composition of household solid waste in Homs city, Syria. Also, the study presents factors influencing the waste generation rate and the waste composition. The study was carried out in 300 families from four zones in Homs city, and three sampling stages were conducted during the study duration, which started in July 2017 and ended in February 2019. The outcomes show that an average of 0.68 kg/per/day solid waste generated was calculated for the entire study area in Homs city. Also, the data analysis presents that organic waste constitutes the largest component in the waste mixture (69.1%) followed by plastic (10.6%), inert materials (8.7%), paper (4.6%), textile (2.5%), metal (1.2%), glass (1.1%), wood (0.6%), and hazardous materials (1.6%). The multiple linear regression results showed that the adjusted R2 value was found to be 0.557, 0.839, and 0.709 for the waste generation per capita, the daily household organic waste generation, and the daily household packaging waste generation, respectively. Also, according to Pearson’s coefficient values, a positive correlation was found between household waste generation and monthly income (r = 0.626), household size (r = 0.37), and age of the household head (r = 0.517), whereas a negative correlation was found between household waste generation and the education level of the household head (r = −0.649).

scholarly journals Assessment of Solid Waste Management in Bhaktapur Municipality

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Amit Shankar Ranjit ◽  
Ronish Shakya ◽  
Sushila Gwachha ◽  
Razim Ganesh ◽  
Meera Prajapati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Sample Size Determination ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Waste Generation Rate

Bhaktapur Municipality has been performing better to keep the city clean. However, scarcity of space for the land filling of the solid waste and proper segregation of waste at the source has been a hurdle for the Municipality. This paper aims to determine solid waste generation rate and to analyze overall situation of solid waste management of Bhaktapur Municipality. However, the data will not represent the seasonal and occasional variations. Additionally, waste from street-sweeping and large-scale institutional and commercial components of the Municipality has not been assessed. Arkin and Colton (1963) was referred for the sample size determination. Sample of 376 households were taken accordingly. Twenty representative samples each for commercial and institutional establishments were selected, and one each for special cases such as hospital, slaughter house and poultry has been assessed. Municipal household waste generation was found to be 0.093kg per capita per day which was chiefly composed of 77% organic, 18% plastic and 3% paper. Organic waste has been a major waste for institutions such as schools whereas at governmental and public offices, paper is the predominantly generated waste. Among commercial establishments, shops and restaurants mostly generate organic waste and that for departmental stores has been paper. Though collection system was found to be satisfactory, treatment and final disposal have been unsustainable. Available treatment facilities have been shut down whereas other infrastructural components have been lacking.

Measurement and Quantification of Residential Solid Waste in a Metropolitan City of a Developing Country: Case Study in Four Selected Informal Settlements in Dar Es Salaam City, Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-495
Author(s):  
Mengiseny Kaseva ◽  
Kris Wernstedt ◽  
Jacob M. Kihila
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Positive Dependence ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Country Case Study ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Residential Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Generation Rate

This study has employed multiple techniques, including subjective and objective approaches, to augment existing information and data on household waste generation, generation rates, composition and waste management perceptions in informal settlements. Waste weight, volume and composition data were obtained through one measurement study (n=80) and five surveys (n = 1,239). Additional information was obtained through physical observations and interviews. Results of this study revealed per-capita overall mean weight and volume to be 0.51 kg/day and 1.33 liters/day, respectively. Relatively higher per-capita daily waste generation rates were observed in smaller households, suggesting a positive dependence of municipal solid waste generation rate on both household income and size. Generation high points were on Mondays, signifying that accumulation of waste is more on Sundays perhaps because of shopping during weekends. Organic waste constituted the largest component (60.5% by weight), while e-waste constitute the least (0.4%). About 43% and 8% of the population have to store the waste for two to three weeks and for more than a month, respectively, before delivery for collection by the local government and or the private sector. The study established existence of both extreme satisfaction and dissatisfaction with waste collection and significance of collection problems in the informal settlements.

scholarly journals Determinants of Municipal Solid Waste in Urban Zone of Baglung Municipality, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Tejendra Regmi ◽  
Manisha Ghimire ◽  
Suman Man Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Generation Rate ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Msw Management ◽  
Urban Zone

The studies on the solid waste generation and characterization with their relationships with different determinants are limited in Nepal which helps in the implementation of the solid waste management approach.  This study is focused on the quantification of the municipal solid waste (MSW) generation rate and its characterization in the Baglung Municipality, Nepal. Factors affecting MSW generation with perceptions towards the MSW management were also evaluated through household survey. The study was carried out in the month of January 2021 in four wards of urban zone in the municipality. The average waste generation rate in 188 households (HHs), 20 institutions, and 20 commercial sites were 0.43 kg/c/d, 0.83 kg/institute/day and 2.75 kg/commercial site/day, respectively. The largest component, which accounted for about 74% household waste, 75% institutional waste and 52% commercial waste composed of organic waste. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicates a significant variation in between MSW generation rate with respect to household size and type of days. Regarding affordability of MSW management, most of the households can be able to afford service fee ranged from US$ 0.5 to 1.0 (55.38%). Most of the households dispose of solid waste in the municipal vehicle. From this study, the residents of the municipality are suggested to prepare compost manure at the source for the minimization of waste volume to be transported and disposed of. Higher production of recyclable MSW depicts there is a possibility of revenue generation and importance of MSW management in community mobilization in the municipality.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Municipal Solid Waste for Planning Sustainable Waste Management in Kumba Municipality – South Western Cameroon

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.B. Tambe ◽  
G.C. Ayongwa ◽  
N.M. Ngwabie ◽  
G.T. Forbid
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
West Region ◽  
Per Capita

Municipal solid waste (MSW) characterisation across socioeconomic residents is necessary for planning sustainable solid waste management. In view of planning for Kumba municipality in the South West Region of Cameroon, three types of socioeconomic residents classified as low, medium and high income residential areas were randomly sampled. In each residential area, 32 households were sampled following systematic random sampling. Over a period of eight weeks within three periods characterised with varying activities, statistically designed number of samples for waste composition were hand sorted and weighed at source of generation. The study revealed that the per capita generation of putrescible and miscellaneous wastes (predominantly sand, ash and dust) were statistically different (p < 0.05) across residents and were inversely related to income while the generation of plastics, metals, papers, glass except textiles were statistically different across residents and were positively related to income. Putrescible waste was the most predominant waste category constituting more than 75% across residents. No significant differences were observed for per capita waste generation across residents during the entire period of study and within residents during the different periods over which the waste categories were measured. However, within the different periods, waste generation was significantly different across residents with more waste being produced in low income residents. The waste density was found to decrease with increasing income. The observed variation of waste generation and composition has implications for collection frequency, equipment needs, composting and digestion of the biodegradable for biogas generation to sustain the solid waste management sector.

Characterization and projection of dry season municipal solid waste for energy production in Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2098559
Author(s):  
RA Ibikunle ◽  
IF Titiladunayo ◽  
SO Dahunsi ◽  
EA Akeju ◽  
CO Osueke
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Characterization Study ◽  
Solid Waste Generation ◽  
Per Capita

This research investigates the quantity of municipal solid waste produced during the dry season, and its characterization at Eyenkorin dumpsite of Ilorin metropolis, along the Lagos-Ilorin express way. The physicochemical and thermal compositions of the combustible fractions of municipal solid waste were analysed, to ascertain the available calorific value. In this research, the quantity (tonnes) of waste generated, the rate of generation (kg per capita per day), its sustainability and the likely energy and power potentials in the dry season, were essentially predicted. The population responsible for municipal solid waste generation during this study was 1,120,834 people. During the characterization study from November 2018 to February 2019, it was established that 203,831 tonnes of municipal solid waste was produced during the four months of the dry season, at the rate of 1.12 kg per capita per day. It was found that 280 tonnes/day of municipal solid waste with low heating value of 19 MJ kg-1, would generate 1478 MWh of heat energy and 18 MW of electrical energy potentials discretely, and grid of 13 kW.

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