Discharge of lithium-ion batteries in salt solutions for safer storage, transport, and resource recovery

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110226
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mahdi Torabian ◽  
Milad Jafari ◽  
Alireza Bazargan
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Drainage Time ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Promising Source

The use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has grown in recent years, making them a promising source of secondary raw materials due to their rich composition of valuable materials, such as Cobalt and Nickel. Recycling LIBs can help reduce fossil energy consumption, CO2 emissions, environmental pollution, and consumption of valuable materials with limited supplies. On the other hand, the hazards associated with spent LIBs recycling are mainly due to fires and explosions caused by unwanted short-circuiting. The high voltage and reactive components of end-of-life LIBs pose safety hazards during mechanical processing and crushing stages, as well as during storage and transportation. Electrochemical discharge using salt solutions is a simple, quick, and inexpensive way to eliminate such hazards. In this paper, three different salts (NaCl, Na2S, and MgSO4) from 12% to 20% concentration are investigated as possible candidates. The effectiveness of discharge was shown to be a function of molarity rather than ionic strength of the solution. Experiments also showed that the use of ultrasonic waves can dramatically improve the discharge process and reduce the required time more than 10-fold. This means that the drainage time was reduced from nearly 1 day to under 100 minutes. Finally, a practical setup in which the tips of the batteries are directly immersed inside the salt solution is proposed. This creative configuration can fully discharge the batteries in less than 5 minutes. Due to the fast discharge rates in this configuration, sedimentation and corrosion are also almost entirely avoided.

scholarly journals Nitrogen-Doped Carbon-Coating Disproportionated SiO Materials as Long Cycling Stable Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1536
Author(s):  
Ben Huang ◽  
Binbin Chu ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Aishui Yu
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Silicon Monoxide ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Capacity Retention ◽  
Pure Silicon ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Carbon

Silicon monoxide (SiO) is a kind of promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries because of its smaller volume change during the charge and discharge process than pure silicon and its higher theoretical capacity than commercialized graphite. However, its fast-fading capacity still restricts the development of practical application of SiO. A simple and cheap strategy to dope nitrogen and coat carbon on the surface of disproportionated SiO is proposed to improve the cycling stability significantly even at a high specific current. The capacity retention is nearly 85% after 250 cycles and more than 69% after 500 cycles at a specific current of 1000 mA g−1. Even at a specific current of 2000 mA g−1, its cycling performance behaves similarly to that of 1000 mA g−1. Nitrogen doping in materials could improve the conductivity of materials because pyridinic nitrogen and pyrrolic nitrogen could improve the electron conductivity and provide defects to contribute to the diffusion of lithium ions. The use of pitch and melamine, which are easily available industrial raw materials, makes it possible to contribute to the practical application.

LixCn as Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

2006 ◽  
Vol 972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiming Xie ◽  
Haiying Yu ◽  
Abraham F. Jalbout ◽  
Guiling Yang ◽  
Xiumei Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Anode Material ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Metal Foil ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Lithium Secondary Batteries

AbstractWe design a way that the anode hosts provide lithium ion in lithium ion battery operation. If the limiting factors of the cathode materials are less, there will be more alternatives for it. It was proven to be successful by two kinds of test cells based on LixCn as anode material, and β-FeOOH or Cr8O21 as cathode materials. Their theoretical capacities are much higher than those present electrode materials. Unlike the lithium secondary batteries with lithium metal foil or lithium alloy as anode, this type of lithium ion batteries with LixCn as anode prohibit dendrite formation during charging-discharge process. The idea of lithium ion sources coming from the anode can come true successfully as a result that steady protecting solution be sought for LixCn.

Cu2O Nanoparticles and Multi-Branched Nanowires as Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

NANO ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (09) ◽  
pp. 1850103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Chen ◽  
Chunxin Yu ◽  
Xiaojiao Guo ◽  
Qinsong Bi ◽  
Muhammad Sajjad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Electrochemical Cycling ◽  
One Step ◽  
Cu2o Nanoparticles ◽  
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance

Novelty Cu2O multi-branched nanowires and nanoparticles with size ranging from [Formula: see text]15[Formula: see text]nm to [Formula: see text]60[Formula: see text]nm have been synthesized by one-step hydrothermal process. These Cu2O nanostructures when used as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries exhibit the excellent electrochemical cycling stability and reduced polarization during the repeated charge/discharge process. The specific capacity of the Cu2O nanoparticles, multi-branched nanowires and microscale are maintained at 201.2[Formula: see text]mAh/g, 259.6[Formula: see text]mAh/g and 127.4[Formula: see text]mAh/g, respectively, under the current density of 0.1[Formula: see text]A/g after 50 cycles. The enhanced electrochemical performance of the Cu2O nanostructures compared with microscale counterpart can be attributed to the larger contact area between active Cu2O nanostructures/electrolyte interface, shorter diffusion length of Li[Formula: see text] within nanostructures and the improved stress release upon lithiation/delithiation.

Modification of High Potential, High Capacity Li2FeP2O7 Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

2012 ◽  
Vol 1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Tan ◽  
Ashutosh Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Material ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Electronic Conductivities ◽  
Fast Discharge

ABSTRACTLi2FeP2O7 is a newly developed polyanionic cathode material for high performance lithium ion batteries. It is considered very attractive due to its large specific capacity, good thermal and chemical stability, and environmental benignity. However, the application of Li2FeP2O7 is limited by its low ionic and electronic conductivities. To overcome the above problem, a solution-based technique was successfully developed to synthesize Li2FeP2O7 powders with very fine and uniform particle size (< 1 μm), achieving much faster kinetics. The obtained Li2FeP2O7 powders were tested in lithium ion batteries by measurements of cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling. We found that the modified Li2FeP2O7 cathode could maintain a relatively high capacity even at fast discharge rates.

Analysis of structural and functional aging of electrodes in lithium-ion batteries during rapid charge and discharge rates using synchrotron tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 443 ◽  
pp. 227259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Prifling ◽  
Alexander Ridder ◽  
André Hilger ◽  
Markus Osenberg ◽  
Ingo Manke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Synchrotron Tomography

scholarly journals Continuous silicon oxycarbide fiber mats with tin nanoparticles as a high capacity anode for lithium-ion batteries

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aura Tolosa ◽  
Mathias Widmaier ◽  
Benjamin Krüner ◽  
John M. Griffin ◽  
Volker Presser
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Silicon Oxycarbide ◽  
Continuous Fiber ◽  
Fiber Mats ◽  
Polymer Binders ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Tin Nanoparticles ◽  
Conductive Additives

Continuous fiber mats are attractive electrodes for lithium-ion batteries, because they allow operation at high charge/discharge rates in addition to being free of polymer binders and conductive additives.

Li3V2(PO4)3 as a cathode additive for the over-discharge protection of lithium ion batteries

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (80) ◽  
pp. 76933-76937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiantian Gao ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Haitao Fang ◽  
Chunyu Liu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Composite Cathode ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Layer Mode ◽  
Cathode Additive

LVP was added to LCO through a “layer to layer” mode to make a composite cathode and to reduce the potential of LCO during the over-discharge process.

Heat Release and Indirect Liquid Cooling of Tractive Lithium Ion Battery

2012 ◽  
Vol 271-272 ◽  
pp. 182-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Hua Qing Xie ◽  
Jing Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Liquid Cooling ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Cooling Effects ◽  
Energy Provider ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

The tractive lithium ion batteries were gradually become the main energy provider for the Electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) in recent years. However, it was urgent and important to remove the heat generated from the tractive lithium ion batteries during charge-discharge processes for its future application in EVs and HEVs. In this study, the heat release and indirect liquid cooling of tractive lithium ion batteries was investigated. The temperatures of batteries at different positions were recorded under different discharge rates and environmental temperatures. The results showed that indirect liquid cooling could effectively decrease the temperatures of battery. The decreasing ratios of temperature at different positions of battery were varied from 1.9% to 8.1%. It presented preferable cooling effects at the positive and negative of battery.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document