Measuring Statistics Attitudes at the Student and Instructor Levels: A Multilevel Construct Validity Study of the Survey of Attitudes Toward Statistics

2020 ◽  
pp. 073428292097138
Author(s):  
Chao Xu ◽  
Candace Schau
Keyword(s):  
Student Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Multilevel Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Teaching Characteristics ◽  
Attitudes Toward Statistics

Numerous studies have been conducted using the Survey of Attitudes Toward Statistics-36 (SATS-36). Recently, large-scale assessment studies have begun to examine the extent to which students vary in their statistics attitudes across instructors. Yet, empirical evidence linking student responses to the SATS items to instructor-level constructs is still lacking. Using multilevel confirmatory factor analysis, we investigated the factor structure underlying the measure of students’ statistics attitudes at both the student and instructor levels. Results from 13,507 college students taught by 160 introductory statistics instructors support a correlated six-factor model at each level. Additionally, there is evidence for the structural validity of a shared teacher–student attitude impacts construct that may capture meaningful patterns of teaching characteristics and competencies tied to student development of statistics attitudes. These findings provide empirical support for the use of the SATS-36 in studying contextual variables in relation to statistics instructors. Implications for educational practice are discussed.

Representation of Competencies in Multidimensional IRT Models with Within-Item and Between-Item Multidimensionality

2008 ◽  
Vol 216 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Hartig ◽  
Jana Höhler
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Listening Comprehension ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Multidimensional Item Response ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Irt Model ◽  
Irt Models ◽  
Psychometric Models

Multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) holds considerable promise for the development of psychometric models of competence. It provides an ideal foundation for modeling performance in complex domains, simultaneously taking into account multiple basic abilities. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the relations between a two-dimensional IRT model with between-item multidimensionality and a nested-factor model with within-item multidimensionality, and the different substantive meanings of the ability dimensions in the two models. Both models are applied to empirical data from a large-scale assessment of reading and listening comprehension in a foreign language. In the between-item model, performance in the reading and listening items is modeled by two separate dimensions. In the within-item model, one dimension represents the abilities common to both tests, and a second dimension represents abilities specific to listening comprehension. Distinct relations of external variables, such as gender and cognitive abilities, with ability scores demonstrate that the alternative models have substantively different implications.

Using Web-based Testing for Large-Scale Assessment

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura S. Hamilton ◽  
Stephen P. Klein ◽  
William Lorie
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Scale Assessment

Large-Scale Assessment of Binding Free Energy Calculations in Active Drug Discovery Projects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Schindler ◽  
Hannah Baumann ◽  
Andreas Blum ◽  
Dietrich Böse ◽  
Hans-Peter Buchstaller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Active Drug ◽  
Binding Free Energy ◽  
Free Energy Calculations ◽  
Energy Calculation ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
New Public ◽  
Binding Free Energy Calculations

Here we present an evaluation of the binding affinity prediction accuracy of the free energy calculation method FEP+ on internal active drug discovery projects and on a large new public benchmark set.<br>

Bullying, School Violence, and Climate in Evolving Contexts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Avi Astor ◽  
Rami Benbenisthty
Keyword(s):  
School Violence ◽  
School Safety ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
New Research

Since 2005, the bullying, school violence, and school safety literatures have expanded dramatically in content, disciplines, and empirical studies. However, with this massive expansion of research, there is also a surprising lack of theoretical and empirical direction to guide efforts on how to advance our basic science and practical applications of this growing scientific area of interest. Parallel to this surge in interest, cultural norms, media coverage, and policies to address school safety and bullying have evolved at a remarkably quick pace over the past 13 years. For example, behaviors and populations that just a decade ago were not included in the school violence, bullying, and school safety discourse are now accepted areas of inquiry. These include, for instance, cyberbullying, sexting, social media shaming, teacher–student and student–teacher bullying, sexual harassment and assault, homicide, and suicide. Populations in schools not previously explored, such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer students and educators and military- and veteran-connected students, become the foci of new research, policies, and programs. As a result, all US states and most industrialized countries now have a complex quilt of new school safety and bullying legislation and policies. Large-scale research and intervention funding programs are often linked to these policies. This book suggests an empirically driven unifying model that brings together these previously distinct literatures. This book presents an ecological model of school violence, bullying, and safety in evolving contexts that integrates all we have learned in the 13 years, and suggests ways to move forward.

scholarly journals Predicting Shifts in Land Suitability for Maize Cultivation Worldwide Due to Climate Change: A Modeling Approach

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Anyu Zhang ◽  
Yaojie Yue ◽  
Jing’ai Wang ◽  
Peng Su
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Land Suitability ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Scale Assessment ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
Large Scale Screening ◽  
Selection Of

Suitable land is an important prerequisite for crop cultivation and, given the prospect of climate change, it is essential to assess such suitability to minimize crop production risks and to ensure food security. Although a variety of methods to assess the suitability are available, a comprehensive, objective, and large-scale screening of environmental variables that influence the results—and therefore their accuracy—of these methods has rarely been explored. An approach to the selection of such variables is proposed and the criteria established for large-scale assessment of land, based on big data, for its suitability to maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation as a case study. The predicted suitability matched the past distribution of maize with an overall accuracy of 79% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.72. The land suitability for maize is likely to decrease markedly at low latitudes and even at mid latitudes. The total area suitable for maize globally and in most major maize-producing countries will decrease, the decrease being particularly steep in those regions optimally suited for maize at present. Compared with earlier research, the method proposed in the present paper is simple yet objective, comprehensive, and reliable for large-scale assessment. The findings of the study highlight the necessity of adopting relevant strategies to cope with the adverse impacts of climate change.

scholarly journals Ethnic Discrimination in the Dutch Labor Market: Differences Between Ethnic Minority Groups and the Role of Personal Information About Job Applicants—Evidence from a Field Experiment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lex Thijssen ◽  
Marcel Coenders ◽  
Bram Lancee
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Large Scale Field

AbstractIn this study, we present the results of a large-scale field experiment on ethnic discrimination in the Dutch labor market. We sent fictitious job applications (N = 4211) to vacancies for jobs in ten different occupations in the Netherlands. By examining 35 different ethnic minority groups, we detect considerable differences in discrimination rates, predominantly between Western and non-Western minorities. Furthermore, we find little systematic variation in discrimination patterns with regard to gender, regions, and occupations, pointing to the existence of an ethnic hierarchy that is widely shared among employers. Finally, we do not find empirical support for the hypothesis that adding personal information in job applications reduces discrimination.

scholarly journals Carbon dioxide fluxes increase from day to night across European streams

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Attermeyer ◽  
Joan Pere Casas-Ruiz ◽  
Thomas Fuss ◽  
Ada Pastor ◽  
Sophie Cauvy-Fraunié ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Flux ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Fluxes ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Flux Variability

AbstractGlobally, inland waters emit over 2 Pg of carbon per year as carbon dioxide, of which the majority originates from streams and rivers. Despite the global significance of fluvial carbon dioxide emissions, little is known about their diel dynamics. Here we present a large-scale assessment of day- and night-time carbon dioxide fluxes at the water-air interface across 34 European streams. We directly measured fluxes four times between October 2016 and July 2017 using drifting chambers. Median fluxes are 1.4 and 2.1 mmol m−2 h−1 at midday and midnight, respectively, with night fluxes exceeding those during the day by 39%. We attribute diel carbon dioxide flux variability mainly to changes in the water partial pressure of carbon dioxide. However, no consistent drivers could be identified across sites. Our findings highlight widespread day-night changes in fluvial carbon dioxide fluxes and suggest that the time of day greatly influences measured carbon dioxide fluxes across European streams.

scholarly journals Is environmental legislation conserving tropical stream faunas? A large-scale assessment of local, riparian and catchment-scale influences on Amazonian fish

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 1312-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecília G. Leal ◽  
Jos Barlow ◽  
Toby A. Gardner ◽  
Robert M. Hughes ◽  
Rafael P. Leitão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Tropical Stream ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Amazonian Fish ◽  
Scale Assessment
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