Thermal Properties of Novel Carbonaceous Fiber Battings

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Shanley ◽  
B. Lewis Slaten ◽  
Paul Shanley ◽  
Roy Broughton ◽  
David Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Thermal Protective Performance ◽  
Thermal Transmittance ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Carbonaceous Fiber ◽  
Protective Performance ◽  
Flame Protection

There is a need for materials and battings which provide fire resistant properties and are lightweight, washable, and aesthetically accep table. Thermal properties of batts constructed from a new carbonaceous fiber were evaluated to determine its usefulness in military and commercial applica tions for thermal and fire protection. Carbonaceous batts were compared to batts available in commercial and military products on thermal transmittance (conductance and resistance) and thermal protective performance. Results indicated that experimental batts could be constructed to provide insulation comparable to available products. Thermal protective performance tests indicated that the carbonaceous batts provided flame protection superior to current military and commercial products.

scholarly journals Development of Industrial and Firefighter Protective Cloth of Base Fabric and Comparison of Fire Retardant Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Hoseung Ro ◽  
Hyunpil Hong ◽  
Jinwon Cho ◽  
Myuongsu Park
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Thermal Protective Performance ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
Protective Performance

To develop industrial and firefighter thermal protection cloth, 12 base fabrics were prepared from a combination of several types of sample, and their thermal performances were evaluated. Thermal performance comprises flame retardant capability, radiant protective performance, and thermal protective performance. Thermal protection performance has been assessed in accordance with ISO 15025, ISO 9151, ISO 6942, and ISO 17492. In this study, however, thermal protective performance was assessed only in accordance with ISO 15025. The results showed that Samples 1-6 satisfied the fire resistance criteria, whereas Samples 7-12 did not satisfy the fire resistance criteria. Additional thermal performance tests need to be conducted in follow-up studies.

scholarly journals Characterization of Heat Protective Aerogel-Enhanced Textile Packages

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-672
Author(s):  
Sylwia Krzemińska ◽  
Agnieszka Greszta ◽  
Pamela Miśkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Contact Heat ◽  
Thermal Protective Performance ◽  
Threshold Time ◽  
Thermal Protective Clothing ◽  
Protective Performance

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerogel application on the thermal properties of textile packages intended for use in protective clothing. The packages were prepared in the form of removable inserts filled with aerogel, differing in terms of fabric and design. The developed packages were tested for resistance to the three major types of heat: radiant, convective, and contact. The package variant with superior thermal performance was also evaluated for water vapor resistance. The package after incorporation of aerogel was found to approximately double radiant and convective heat resistance, with an approx. eightfold improvement for contact heat at the highest test temperature 250℃. Threshold time increased from (17.7±0.7) s to (139.9±4.9) s for the optimum aerogel-enhanced package variant with the greatest number of pouches, which met the criteria of the highest performance level. The thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of three fabrics selected for testing were tested in order to determine their basic thermal insulation properties. In general, packages containing a larger number of narrower pouches exhibited higher thermal protective performance. The results show that the developed textile packages with aerogel can be successfully used in thermal protective clothing.

scholarly journals A categorization tool for fabric systems used in firefighters' clothing based on their thermal protective and thermo-physiological comfort performances

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (16) ◽  
pp. 3244-3259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Mandal ◽  
Simon Annaheim ◽  
Andre Capt ◽  
Jemma Greve ◽  
Martin Camenzind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Index ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Thermal Protective Performance ◽  
Thermal Protective Clothing ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Fabric System ◽  
Protective Performance

Fabric systems used in firefighters' thermal protective clothing should offer optimal thermal protective and thermo-physiological comfort performances. However, fabric systems that have very high thermal protective performance have very low thermo-physiological comfort performance. As these performances are inversely related, a categorization tool based on these two performances can help to find the best balance between them. Thus, this study is aimed at developing a tool for categorizing fabric systems used in protective clothing. For this, a set of commercially available fabric systems were evaluated and categorized. The thermal protective and thermo-physiological comfort performances were measured by standard tests and indexed into a normalized scale between 0 (low performance) and 1 (high performance). The indices dataset was first divided into three clusters by using the k-means algorithm. Here, each cluster had a centroid representing a typical Thermal Protective Performance Index (TPPI) value and a typical Thermo-physiological Comfort Performance Index (TCPI) value. By using the ISO 11612:2015 and EN 469:2014 guidelines related to the TPPI requirements, the clustered fabric systems were divided into two groups: Group 1 (high thermal protective performance-based fabric systems) and Group 2 (low thermal protective performance-based fabric systems). The fabric systems in each of these TPPI groups were further categorized based on the typical TCPI values obtained from the k-means clustering algorithm. In this study, these categorized fabric systems showed either high or low thermal protective performance with low, medium, or high thermo-physiological comfort performance. Finally, a tool for using these categorized fabric systems was prepared and presented graphically. The allocations of the fabric systems within the categorization tool have been verified based on their properties (e.g., thermal resistance, weight, evaporative resistance) and construction parameters (e.g., woven, nonwoven, layers), which significantly affect the performance. In this way, we identified key characteristics among the categorized fabric systems which can be used to upgrade or develop high-performance fabric systems. Overall, the categorization tool developed in this study could help clothing manufacturers or textile engineers select and/or develop appropriate fabric systems with maximum thermal protective performance and thermo-physiological comfort performance. Thermal protective clothing manufactured using this type of newly developed fabric system could provide better occupational health and safety for firefighters.

scholarly journals Ethernet evaluation in data distribution traffic for the LHCb filtering farm at CERN

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Rafał Dominik Krawczyk ◽  
Flavio Pisani ◽  
Tommaso Colombo ◽  
Markus Frank ◽  
Niko Neufeld
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Direct Memory Access ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Event Distribution ◽  
Overall Evaluation ◽  
Workload Distribution ◽  
Performance Results

This paper evaluates the real-time distribution of data over Ethernet for the upgraded LHCb data acquisition cluster at CERN. The system commissioning ends in 2021 and its total estimated input throughput is 32 Terabits per second. After the events are assembled, they must be distributed for further data selection to the filtering farm of the online trigger. High-throughput and very low overhead transmissions will be an essential feature of such a system. In this work RoCE (Remote Direct Memory Access over Converged Ethernet) high-throughput Ethernet protocol and Ethernet flow control algorithms have been used to implement lossless event distribution. To generate LHCb-like traffic, a custom benchmark has been implemented. It was used to stress-test the selected Ethernet networks and to check resilience to uneven workload distribution. Performance tests were made with selected evaluation clusters. 100 Gb/s and 25 Gb/s links were used. Performance results and overall evaluation of this Ethernet-based approach are discussed.

scholarly journals Experimental study on moisture transfer through firefighters' protective fabrics in radiant heat exposures

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1665-1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Chen ◽  
Fanglong Zhu ◽  
Qianqian Feng ◽  
Kejing Li ◽  
Rangtong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Heat Radiation ◽  
Radiant Heat Flux ◽  
Thermal Protective Performance ◽  
Protective Fabrics ◽  
Protective Performance ◽  
Radiation Time

The effects of absorbed moisture on thermal protective performance of fire-fighters? clothing materials under radiant heat flux conditions were analyzed in this paper. A thermal protective performance tester and temperature sensor were used to measure the temperature variations for the facecloth side of four kinds of commonly used flame retardant fabrics in several radiant heat exposures, which varied in moisture content. Experimental results showed that, all of the temperature profiles of these four kinds of moistened fabrics under different radiant heat flux conditions presented the same variation trend. The addition of moisture had a positive influence on the thermal protective performance during the constant temperature period when heat radiation time was more than 60 seconds. As the heat radiation time increased beyond 500 seconds, the thermal protective performance of moistened fabrics became worse than that of dried fabrics in general.

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