The National Exposure Registry: Procedures for Establishing a Registry of Persons Environmentally Exposed To Hazardous Substances

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
JeAnne R. Burg ◽  
Ginger L. Gist
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Dioxin Exposure ◽  
The Relationship

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry has, as mandated in Superfund legislation, established the National Exposure Registry (NER). The purpose of the NER is to assess and evaluate the potential relationship between adverse health effects and environmental exposure for an exposed population, particularly the relationship between chronic health effects and long-term, low- level chemical exposures. The NER's primary goal is to facilitate epidemiology research by establishing multiple data bases (subregistries) that contain demographic, environmental, and health information on large populations exposed to selected chemicals. The Registry data mainly serve the purpose of being hypothesis-generating rather than hypothesis-testing. The NER is currently composed of subregistries of: (1) persons exposed to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) — a subset of registrants in whom trichloroethylene (TCE) is the primary VOC exposure, but others are present (N = 4,832), a subset in whom benzene is the primary VOC exposure (N = 1,142), and a subset in whom trichloroethane (TCA) and TCE are the highest VOC exposures (N = 3,666); and (2) persons with dioxin exposure (N = 250). Chromium and radioactive substances subregistries are planned.

scholarly journals Relationship between Long-Term Residential Green Exposure and Individuals’ Mental Health: Moderated by Income Differences and Residential Location in Urban China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8955
Author(s):  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Suhong Zhou ◽  
Rongping Lin ◽  
Lingling Su
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Residential Location ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
The Relationship

Environmental health effects during urbanization have attracted much attention. However, knowledge is lacking on the relationship between long-term cumulative residential environment and health effects on individuals during rapid transformations in urban physical and social space. Taking Guangzhou, China, as a case example, this study analyzed the relationship between long-term exposure to green environments and residents’ mental health under urban spatial restructuring. Based on a household survey in 2016, 820 residents who have lived in Guangzhou for more than 15 years were used as the sample. High-resolution remote sensing images were used to assess the long-term green exposure of residents. The results indicate that long-term green exposure in residential areas had a negative correlation with residents’ mental health (p < 0.05), and the correlation was strongest for the cumulative green environment in the last five years. However, this significant effect was moderated by income and residential location. Green exposure had a positive relationship with mental health for low income groups, and a negative relationship for middle and high income groups. In addition, residents living farther away from the city center were likely to have fewer green environmental health benefits. Residential relocation in a rapidly urbanizing and transforming China has led to the continuous differentiation of residential green environments among different income groups, which has also caused different mental health effects from green exposure. It provides empirical evidence and theoretical support for policymakers to improve the urban environment and reduce environmental health disparities by considering social differences and residential location.

scholarly journals Long-term simulation of lead concentrations in agricultural soils in relation to human adverse health effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 2319-2329
Author(s):  
Thomas Schupp ◽  
Georg Damm ◽  
Heidi Foth ◽  
Alexius Freyberger ◽  
Thomas Gebel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health

scholarly journals Satellite-Based Estimation of Hourly PM2.5 Concentrations Using a Vertical-Humidity Correction Method from Himawari-AOD in Hebei

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaolin Zeng ◽  
Liangfu Chen, ◽  
Hao Zhu ◽  
Zifeng Wang ◽  
Xinhui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Hygroscopic Growth ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Regional Air Quality ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is related to various adverse health effects. Ground measurements can yield highly accurate PM2.5 concentrations but have certain limitations in the discussion of spatial-temporal variations in PM2.5. Satellite remote sensing can obtain continuous and long-term coverage data, and many previous studies have demonstrated the relationship between PM2.5 and AOD (aerosol optical depth) from theoretical analysis and observation. In this study, a new aerosol product with a high spatial-temporal resolution retrieved from the AHI (the Advance Himawari Imager) was obtained using a vertical-humidity correction method to estimate hourly PM2.5 concentrations in Hebei. The hygroscopic growth factor (fRH) was fitted at each site (in a total of 137 matched sites). Meanwhile, assuming that there was little change in fRH at a certain scale, the nearest fRH of each pixel was determined to calculate PM2.5 concentrations. Compared to the correlation between AOD and PM2.5, the relationship between the “dry” mass extinction efficiency obtained by vertical-humidity correction and the ground-measured PM2.5 significantly improved, with r coefficient values increasing from 0.19–0.47 to 0.61–0.76. The satellite-estimated hourly PM2.5 concentrations were consistent with the ground-measured PM2.5, with a high r (0.8 ± 0.07) and a low RMSE (root mean square error, 30.4 ± 5.5 μg/m3) values, and the accuracy in the afternoon (13:00–16:00) was higher than that in the morning (09:00–12:00). Meanwhile, in a comparison of the daily average PM2.5 concentrations of 11 sites from different cities, the r values were approximately 0.91 ± 0.03, and the RMSEs were between 13.94 and 31.44 μg/m3. Lastly, pollution processes were analyzed, and the analysis indicated that the high spatial-temporal resolution of the PM2.5 data could continuously and intuitively reflect the characteristics of regional pollutants (such as diffusion and accumulation), which is of great significance for the assessment of regional air quality.

Exposures associated with clandestine methamphetamine drug laboratories in Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Wright ◽  
John Edwards ◽  
Stewart Walker
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
First Responders ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Residential Homes ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Key Issues

AbstractThe clandestine manufacture of methamphetamine in residential homes may represent significant hazards and exposures not only to those involved in the manufacture of the drugs but also to others living in the home (including children), neighbours and first responders to the premises. These hazards are associated with the nature and improper storage and use of precursor chemicals, intermediate chemicals and wastes, gases and methamphetamine residues generated during manufacture and the drugs themselves. Many of these compounds are persistent and result in exposures inside a home not only during manufacture but after the laboratory has been seized or removed. Hence new occupants of buildings formerly used to manufacture methamphetamine may be unknowingly exposed to these hazards. Children are most susceptible to these hazards and evidence is available in the literature to indicate that these exposures may result in immediate and long-term adverse health effects. The assessment of exposure within the home can be undertaken by measuring contaminant levels or collecting appropriate biological data from individuals exposed. To gain a better understanding of the available data and key issues associated with these approaches to the characterisation of exposure, a review of the published literature has been undertaken.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment and Protective Effect of Respirators on Airborne Paraquat Exposure during Simulated Spraying Operations

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Sunisa Chaiklieng ◽  
Chuthamas Chagkornburee ◽  
Piyada Songsermsakul ◽  
Vichai Pruktharathikul
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Adverse Health Effects

Paraquat (PQ) is widely used as a herbicide in Thailand. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health risk and protective effect of respirators during simulated PQ spraying operations in an experimental chamber. Additional data were collected from the interviews of PQ sprayers. Airborne PQ concentrations were collected from an experimental spray chamber employing controlled-rate sprayers of solutions (paraquat dichloride in water) and were lower than 50 µg/m3 (the standard regulation). Air sampling through a polytetrafluoroethylene filter membrane was performed under the conditional settings of inside and outside respirators, and analysed by using a HPLC-UV detector following NIOSH method 5003. The average PQ concentrations inside the certified respirators (cartridge, cup-shaped mask, surgical mask) were significantly lower than those outside of the respirators (4.30 ± 2.63 µg/m3 vs. 19.12 ± 16.65 µg/m3), which was not found with convenient sponge masks. Human health risk assessment on short-term and long-term exposure following US.EPA guide estimation showed that cartridge respirators and cup-shaped masks significantly decreased the risk (hazard quotient) of adverse health effects (p-value < 0.05) among the PQ sprayers. As a result, the PQ sprayers should be aware of preventive action and use a qualified mask/respirator to protect against exposure to airborne PQ and chronic health effects. HIGHLIGHTS The estimated human health risk from paraquat (PQ) exposure lower than the occupational exposure limit (OEL: 50 µg/m3) during the spraying operation was unacceptable for some sprayers The average PQ concentrations inside the certified respirators (cartridge respirator and cup-shaped mask) were significantly lower than outside of the respirators that was not seen with the convenient sponge mask, a common type used by the sprayers The cartridge respirator and cup-shaped mask significantly decreased the risk estimation of the PQ sprayers with regard to adverse health effects both from short-term and long-term PQ exposure It is important for preventive action on exposure to PQ of the sprayers by the use of qualified respirators or masks to protect against inhalation of PQ and decrease health risks GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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