Physical and Mechanical Properties of PMMA Bone Cement Reinforced with Nano-sized Titania Fibers

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is a popular bone void filler for vertebroplasty. However, the use of PMMA has some drawbacks, including the material’s excessive stiffness, exothermic polymerization, and short handling time. This study aimed to create an ideal modified bone cement to solve the above-mentioned problems. Modified bone cements were prepared by combining PMMA with three different volume fractions of castor oil (5%, 10%, and 15%). The peak polymerization temperatures, times to achieve the peak polymerization temperature, porosities, densities, modulus and maximum compression strengths of standard (without castor oil), and modified cements were investigated following storage at ambient temperature (22°C) or under precooling conditions (3°C). Six specimens were tested in each group of the aforementioned parameters. Increasing castor oil content and precooling treatment effectively decreased the peak polymerization temperatures and increased the duration to achieve the peak polymerization temperature (P<0.05). Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the material, including density, modulus, and maximum compression strength, decreased with increasing castor oil content. However, preparation temperature (room temperature versus precooling) had no significant effect (P>0.05) on these mechanical properties. In conclusion, the addition of castor oil to PMMA followed by precooling created an ideal modified bone cement with a low modulus, low polymerization temperature, and long handling time, enhancing its applicability and safety for vertebroplasty.

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Influence of two changes in the composition of an acrylic bone cement on its handling, thermal, physical, and mechanical properties

Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine ◽

10.1007/s10856-007-3042-5 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 1649-1658 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G. Lewis ◽

J. Xu ◽

S. Madigan ◽

M. R. Towler

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Acrylic Bone Cement

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Computer Assisted Femoral Augmentation: Modeling and Experimental Validation

Volume 4: 18th Design for Manufacturing and the Life Cycle Conference; 2013 ASME/IEEE International Conference on Mechatronic and Embedded Systems and Applications ◽

10.1115/detc2013-13636 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Ehsan Basafa ◽

Ryan J. Murphy ◽

Michael D. Kutzer ◽

Yoshito Otake ◽

Mehran Armand

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Experimental Validation ◽

Particle Method ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Injection Device ◽

Pmma Bone Cement ◽

Ct Data ◽

Scan Data ◽

The One

We report the results of planning and experimental validation of femoroplasty — augmentation of mechanical properties of the bone using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement injection — on osteoporotic femurs. For six pairs of osteoporotic femurs, finite element (FE) models were created using computed tomography (CT) scan data and an evolutionary method was used to optimize the cement pattern in one of the models from each pair. Using a particle method and the CT data, cement diffusion was modeled for several hypothetical augmentations and the one most closely matching the optimized pattern was chosen as the best plan. We used intra-operative navigation and a custom-designed injection device to deliver the cement into the bones precisely according to the plan. All femurs were then tested mechanically in a configuration simulating a fall to the side. Augmentation with this technique resulted in an increase in the yield load (28%) and yield energy (142%) compared to the control specimens, while only 9.8ml of cement was injected on average. Results support our hypothesis that significant improvements in the mechanical properties of osteoporotic femurs can be achieved by using minimal, and hence safe, amounts of PMMA bone cement.

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Nanosilver-loaded PMMA bone cement doped with different bioactive glasses – evaluation of cytocompatibility, antibacterial activity, and mechanical properties

Biomaterials Science ◽

10.1039/d1bm00079a ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 3112-3126

Author(s):

M. Wekwejt ◽

S. Chen ◽

B. Kaczmarek-Szczepańska ◽

M. Nadolska ◽

K. Łukowicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Bioactive Glasses ◽

Pmma Bone Cement

Nanosilver-loaded PMMA bone cement doped with bioactive glasses is a novel cement developed as a replacement for conventional cements.

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Bioactive PMMA-Based Cement Incorporated with Nano-Sized Rutile Particles

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.797 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 309-311 ◽

pp. 797-800 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Masami Hashimoto ◽

Hiroaki Takadama ◽

Mineo Mizuno ◽

Tadashi Kokubo ◽

Koji Goto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Simulated Body Fluid ◽

Mechanical Strength ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Body Fluid ◽

Bone Substitutes ◽

Hardened Cement ◽

Pmma Bone Cement

Bioactive bone cement with mechanical properties higher than that of commercial polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement are strongly desired to be developed. In the present study, PMMA-based cement incorporated with nano-sized rutile particles was prepared. The PMMA-based cement (rutile content was 50 wt%) shows the compressive strength (136 MPa) higher than that of commercial PMMA bone cement (88 MPa). The hardened cement formed apatite on the surface in a simulated body fluid within 3 days. Therefore, this PMMA-based cement incorporated with rutile particles might be useful as cement for fixation of prostheses as well as self-setting bone substitutes, because of its high apatite forming ability and mechanical strength.

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A Study of Mechanical Properties of Bone Cement Containing Micro- and Nano- Hydroxyapatite Particles

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.766.117 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 766 ◽

pp. 117-121

Author(s):

Phanrawee Sriprapha ◽

Chaiy Rungsiyakull ◽

Kamonpan Pengpat ◽

Tawee Tunkasiri ◽

Sukum Eitssayeam

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Hot Water ◽

Cylindrical Shape ◽

Bovine Bone ◽

Steel Mold ◽

Micro Particles ◽

Porosity Reduction ◽

Pmma Bone Cement

In this research, mechanical properties of bone cement containing micro-and nanohydroxyapatite (HAp) particles were studied. The bone cement was prepared from mixing between polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA). Hydroxyapatite powder was prepared from bovine bone. The bone was heated in hot water at 200 oc for the elimination of tissue, after which the bone was dried and calcined at 800 oc for 3 hrs. The calcined bone than was crushed into powder and ball-milled for 24 hrs. The micro-HAp particle was then obtained. The micro particles were then further milled employing the Vibro-milling machine for 2 hrs. The micro-and nanoHAp sizes are about 0.5 μm and 140 nm, respectively. The both size powders were treated with γ-methacrylic-propyl-tri-methoxy silane. The acetic acid was added to control the pH of the solution, until it reached 2.9 before they were mixed into the bone cement with equally wt%. The mixture was casted using the 304 stainless steel mold in order to obtain a cylindrical shape. The low vacuum scanning electron microscope (LV-SEM) and x-ray diffractometer (XRD) were employed to characterize the samples. The porosity of PMMA could be reduced by HAp particle additives. From compressive strength test, it was found that the mixture of bone cement and nanoHAp particle has shown higher compressive strength than pure PMMA bone cement that affected by porosity reduction and force distribution by HAp particles.

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An Investigation into the Effect of Cyclic Loading and Frequency on the Temperature of Pmma Bone Cement in Hip Prostheses

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H Journal of Engineering in Medicine ◽

10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_029_01 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 203 (3) ◽

pp. 167-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

P K Humphreys ◽

J F Orr ◽

A S Bahrani

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Titanium Alloy ◽

Cyclic Loading ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Temperature Rise ◽

Hip Prosthesis ◽

Temperature Measurements ◽

Hip Prostheses ◽

Pmma Bone Cement

A titanium alloy hip prosthesis was inserted in a Tufnol tube representing the upper part of the femur. The prosthesis was cemented in the model femur using PMMA bone cement. Five thermocouples were embedded in the bone cement and the assembly was subjected to cyclic loading with a range of 0.3–4.5 kN at a frequency of 6 Hz. Temperature measurements over a 48 hour period indicated that the temperature rise in the bone cement was less than 4°C. It is concluded that such tests can be carried out at 6 Hz without significantly affecting the mechanical properties of PMMA bone cement.

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