A Study of Mechanical Properties of Bone Cement Containing Micro- and Nano- Hydroxyapatite Particles

In this research, mechanical properties of bone cement containing micro-and nanohydroxyapatite (HAp) particles were studied. The bone cement was prepared from mixing between polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA). Hydroxyapatite powder was prepared from bovine bone. The bone was heated in hot water at 200 oc for the elimination of tissue, after which the bone was dried and calcined at 800 oc for 3 hrs. The calcined bone than was crushed into powder and ball-milled for 24 hrs. The micro-HAp particle was then obtained. The micro particles were then further milled employing the Vibro-milling machine for 2 hrs. The micro-and nanoHAp sizes are about 0.5 μm and 140 nm, respectively. The both size powders were treated with γ-methacrylic-propyl-tri-methoxy silane. The acetic acid was added to control the pH of the solution, until it reached 2.9 before they were mixed into the bone cement with equally wt%. The mixture was casted using the 304 stainless steel mold in order to obtain a cylindrical shape. The low vacuum scanning electron microscope (LV-SEM) and x-ray diffractometer (XRD) were employed to characterize the samples. The porosity of PMMA could be reduced by HAp particle additives. From compressive strength test, it was found that the mixture of bone cement and nanoHAp particle has shown higher compressive strength than pure PMMA bone cement that affected by porosity reduction and force distribution by HAp particles.

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Bioactive PMMA-Based Cement Incorporated with Nano-Sized Rutile Particles

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.797 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 309-311 ◽

pp. 797-800 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Masami Hashimoto ◽

Hiroaki Takadama ◽

Mineo Mizuno ◽

Tadashi Kokubo ◽

Koji Goto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Simulated Body Fluid ◽

Mechanical Strength ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Body Fluid ◽

Bone Substitutes ◽

Hardened Cement ◽

Pmma Bone Cement

Bioactive bone cement with mechanical properties higher than that of commercial polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement are strongly desired to be developed. In the present study, PMMA-based cement incorporated with nano-sized rutile particles was prepared. The PMMA-based cement (rutile content was 50 wt%) shows the compressive strength (136 MPa) higher than that of commercial PMMA bone cement (88 MPa). The hardened cement formed apatite on the surface in a simulated body fluid within 3 days. Therefore, this PMMA-based cement incorporated with rutile particles might be useful as cement for fixation of prostheses as well as self-setting bone substitutes, because of its high apatite forming ability and mechanical strength.

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Enhancing the mechanical properties and cytocompatibility of magnesium potassium phosphate cement by incorporating oxygen-carboxymethyl chitosan

Regenerative Biomaterials ◽

10.1093/rb/rbaa048 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Changtian Gong ◽

Shuo Fang ◽

Kezhou Xia ◽

Jingteng Chen ◽

Liangyu Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Ph Value ◽

Setting Time ◽

Potassium Phosphate ◽

Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement

Abstract Incorporating bioactive substances into synthetic bioceramic scaffolds is challenging. In this work, oxygen-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC), a natural biopolymer that is nontoxic, biodegradable and biocompatible, was introduced into magnesium potassium phosphate cement (K-struvite) to enhance its mechanical properties and cytocompatibility. This study aimed to develop O-CMC/magnesium potassium phosphate composite bone cement (OMPC), thereby combining the optimum bioactivity of O-CMC with the extraordinary self-setting properties and mechanical intensity of the K-struvite. Our results indicated that O-CMC incorporation increased the compressive strength and setting time of K-struvite and decreased its porosity and pH value. Furthermore, OMPC scaffolds remarkably improved the proliferation, adhesion and osteogenesis related differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Therefore, O-CMC introduced suitable physicochemical properties to K-struvite and enhanced its cytocompatibility for use in bone regeneration.

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Development of Novel Bioactive PMMA-Based Bone Cement and its In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.801 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 309-311 ◽

pp. 801-804 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S.B. Cho ◽

Akari Takeuchi ◽

Ill Yong Kim ◽

Sang Bae Kim ◽

Chikara Ohtsuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Property ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Bone Cement ◽

The Novel ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Natural Bone ◽

Pmma Bone Cement ◽

Rabbit Tibia

In order to overcome the disadvantage of commercialized PMMA bone cement, we have developed novel PMMA-based bone cement(7P3S) reinforced by 30 wt.% of bioactive CaO-SiO2 gel powders to induce the bioactivity as well as to increase mechanical property for the PMMA bone cement. The novel 7P3S bone cement hardened after mixing for about 7 minutes. For in vitro evaluation, apatite forming ability of it was investigated using SBF. When the novel 7P3S bone cement was soaked into SBF, it formed apatite on its surfaces within 1 week Furthermore; there is no decrease in its compressive strength within 9 weeks soaking in SBF. It is though that hardly decrease in compressive strength of 7P3S bone cement in SBF is due to the relative small amount of gel powder or its spherical shape and monosize. In vivo evaluation of the novel 7P3S bone cement was carried out using rabbit. After implantion into rabbit tibia for several periods, the interface between novel bone cement and natural bone was evaluated by CT images. According to the results, the novel bone cement directly contact to the natural bone without fibrous tissue after implantation for 4 weeks. This results indicates that the newly developed 7P3S bone cement can bond to the living bone and also be effectively used as bioactive bone cement without decrease in mechanical property.

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The Mechanical Properties of PMMA Bone Cement

The Well-Cemented Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽

10.1007/3-540-28924-0_6 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 60-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Clive Lee

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Pmma Bone Cement

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Modification of Mechanical Properties, Polymerization Temperature, and Handling Time of Polymethylmethacrylate Cement for Enhancing Applicability in Vertebroplasty

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/7901562 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ching-Lung Tai ◽

Po-Liang Lai ◽

Wei-De Lin ◽

Tsung-Tin Tsai ◽

Yen-Chen Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Oil Content ◽

Handling Time ◽

Polymerization Temperature ◽

Preparation Temperature ◽

Maximum Compression ◽

Pmma Bone Cement ◽

Low Modulus

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is a popular bone void filler for vertebroplasty. However, the use of PMMA has some drawbacks, including the material’s excessive stiffness, exothermic polymerization, and short handling time. This study aimed to create an ideal modified bone cement to solve the above-mentioned problems. Modified bone cements were prepared by combining PMMA with three different volume fractions of castor oil (5%, 10%, and 15%). The peak polymerization temperatures, times to achieve the peak polymerization temperature, porosities, densities, modulus and maximum compression strengths of standard (without castor oil), and modified cements were investigated following storage at ambient temperature (22°C) or under precooling conditions (3°C). Six specimens were tested in each group of the aforementioned parameters. Increasing castor oil content and precooling treatment effectively decreased the peak polymerization temperatures and increased the duration to achieve the peak polymerization temperature (P<0.05). Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the material, including density, modulus, and maximum compression strength, decreased with increasing castor oil content. However, preparation temperature (room temperature versus precooling) had no significant effect (P>0.05) on these mechanical properties. In conclusion, the addition of castor oil to PMMA followed by precooling created an ideal modified bone cement with a low modulus, low polymerization temperature, and long handling time, enhancing its applicability and safety for vertebroplasty.

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Computer Assisted Femoral Augmentation: Modeling and Experimental Validation

Volume 4: 18th Design for Manufacturing and the Life Cycle Conference; 2013 ASME/IEEE International Conference on Mechatronic and Embedded Systems and Applications ◽

10.1115/detc2013-13636 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Ehsan Basafa ◽

Ryan J. Murphy ◽

Michael D. Kutzer ◽

Yoshito Otake ◽

Mehran Armand

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Experimental Validation ◽

Particle Method ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Injection Device ◽

Pmma Bone Cement ◽

Ct Data ◽

Scan Data ◽

The One

We report the results of planning and experimental validation of femoroplasty — augmentation of mechanical properties of the bone using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement injection — on osteoporotic femurs. For six pairs of osteoporotic femurs, finite element (FE) models were created using computed tomography (CT) scan data and an evolutionary method was used to optimize the cement pattern in one of the models from each pair. Using a particle method and the CT data, cement diffusion was modeled for several hypothetical augmentations and the one most closely matching the optimized pattern was chosen as the best plan. We used intra-operative navigation and a custom-designed injection device to deliver the cement into the bones precisely according to the plan. All femurs were then tested mechanically in a configuration simulating a fall to the side. Augmentation with this technique resulted in an increase in the yield load (28%) and yield energy (142%) compared to the control specimens, while only 9.8ml of cement was injected on average. Results support our hypothesis that significant improvements in the mechanical properties of osteoporotic femurs can be achieved by using minimal, and hence safe, amounts of PMMA bone cement.

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A PMMA bone cement composite that functions as a drug-refillable depot for localized, multi-window chemotherapeutic treatment of bone cancer

10.1101/2021.06.13.448250 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Erika L Cyphert ◽

Nithya Kanagasegar ◽

Ningjing Zhang ◽

Greg D Learn ◽

Horst A von Recum

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Targeted Delivery ◽

Bone Tumors ◽

Composite System ◽

Cement Composite ◽

International Standards ◽

Pmma Bone Cement

Standard chemotherapy for primary and secondary bone tumors typically involves systemic administration of chemotherapeutic drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX). However, non-targeted delivery increases dose requirements, and results in off target toxicity and suboptimal chemotherapeutic efficacy. When chemotherapy is ineffective, substantial resection of tissue and/or total amputation become necessary, a debilitating outcome for any patient. In this work, we developed a proof of concept, nonbiodegradable, mechanically robust, and refillable composite system for chemotherapeutic (i.e. DOX) delivery comprised of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement and insoluble polymeric γcyclodextrin (γCD) microparticles. The porosity and compressive strength of DOX-filled PMMA composites were characterized. DOX filling capacity, elution kinetics, cytotoxicity against primary osteosarcoma and lung cancer cells, and refilling capacity of composites were evaluated. PMMA composites containing up to 15wt% γCD microparticles provided consistent, therapeutically-relevant release of DOX with ~100% of the initial DOX released after 100 days. Over the same period, only ~6% of DOX was liberated from PMMA with free DOX. Following prolonged curing, PMMA composites with up to 15wt% γCD surpassed compressive strength requirements outlined by international standards for acrylic bone cements. Compared to DOX filled PMMA, DOX filled PMMA/γCD composites provided long term release with decreased burst effect, correlating to long term cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Refillable properties demonstrated by the PMMA composite system may find utility for treating local recurrences, limiting chemoresistance, and altering drug combinations to provide customized treatment regimens. Overall, findings suggest that PMMA composites have the potential to serve as a platform for the delivery of combinatorial chemotherapeutics to treat bone tumors.

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Physical and Mechanical Properties of PMMA Bone Cement Reinforced with Nano-sized Titania Fibers

Journal of Biomaterials Applications ◽

10.1177/0885328209356944 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 515-537 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

S.M.Z. Khaled ◽

Paul A. Charpentier ◽

Amin S. Rizkalla

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Pmma Bone Cement

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Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Composite of Chitosan Microspheres/Calcium Phosphate Cement

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.1654 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 336-338 ◽

pp. 1654-1657

Author(s):

Rui Liu ◽

Li Min Dong ◽

Qing Feng Zan ◽

Chen Wang ◽

Jie Mo Tian

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Setting Time ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Phase Evolution ◽

Chitosan Microspheres ◽

Setting Times ◽

Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement

The aim of this work is to improve the mechanical properties of calcium phosphate bone cement (CPC) by appending chitosan microspheres to CPC base. That chitosan degrades rapidly than bone cement has been proved by previous investigations. Porous CPC has low compressive strength because of the pores in it weakening the structure. Additive chitosan microspheres can improve the mechanical properties by bearing the compress with the CPC base and produce pores after degradation. This study investigates the effect of chitosan microspheres on the setting time, mechanical properties, phase evolution and morphology of CPC. The additive proportion of chitosan microspheres ranges from 0 wt% to 30 wt%. Compared with original CPC, the modified CPC has higher compressive strength, without significantly affecting the chemical properties. The phase composition of the CPC is tested by XRD. The microstructures of CPC are observed using SEM. The final setting times range from 5~15 minutes and can be modulated by using different liquid and powder (L/P) ratio.

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