scholarly journals SPATIAL ASSOCIATION PATTERNS OF BINGE DRINKING, ALCOHOL OUTLET DENSITY, AND EARLY STARTED DRINKING IN THAILAND

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-198
Author(s):  
Nakarin Prasit ◽  
Wongsa Laohasiriwong ◽  
Kittipong Sornlorm ◽  
Surachai Pimha
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Alcohol Outlets ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Outlet Density

Thailand had a higher prevalence of binge drinking (BD) behaviors which put them at risks of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the spatial association of BD and its associated factors among the population of Thailand. This study was conducted using a data set of the National Statistical Office of Thailand and another data set of the Center for Alcohol Studies, Thailand, in 2017. A Moran's I, Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA), and Spatial regression were used to identify the spatial autocorrelation between alcohol outlet density, started drinking before 20 years of age, and BD among Thai people. According to the results, among 61,708 participants, the prevalence of BD was 11.47 per 1,000 population. There was global spatial autocorrelation between alcohol outlet density, start drinking before 20 years, and BD with the Moran's I values of 0.10 and 0.54, respectively. The LISA analysis identified significant positive spatial local autocorrelation of BD in the form of two high-high clusters for density of alcohol outlets and seven high-high clusters of started drinking before the age of 20. Started drinking before 20 years of age could predict binge drinking behaviors by 62.8 percent. There were spatial associations between alcohol outlet density and problems with alcoholic beverage control law enforcement that let the youngsters start drinking before 20. It is a general recommendation to strictly enforce the law in prohibited the underage from consuming alcohol, especially in the high density of alcohol outlets.

scholarly journals SPATIAL ASSOCIATION PATTERNS OF SMOKING, TOBACCO OUTLET DENSITY, AND SECONDHAND SMOKE IN THAILAND

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-361
Author(s):  
Pittaya Thammawongsa ◽  
Wongsa Laohasiriwong ◽  
Nakarin Prasit ◽  
Surachai Phimha
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Spatial Regression ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Smoking Behaviors ◽  
Outlet Density

Thailand has a higher prevalence of smoking behaviors which puts people at risk of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the spatial association of smoking behaviors and their associated factors among the population of Thailand. This study was conducted using a data set from the National Statistical Office of Thailand, 2017. A Moran’s I, local indicators of spatial association (LISA), and spatial regression were used to identify the spatial autocorrelation between tobacco outlet density, the prevalence of secondhand smoke, and smoking behaviors among Thai people. According to the results, among 88,689 participants, the prevalence of smoking behaviors was 18.00 per 1,000 population. There was global spatial autocorrelation between tobacco outlet density, the prevalence of secondhand smoke, and smoking behaviors with the Moran’s I values of 0.120 and 0.375, respectively. The LISA analysis identified significant positive spatial local autocorrelation of smoking behaviors in the form of nine high-high clusters of tobacco outlets density and ten high-high prevalence clusters of secondhand smoke. The prevalence of secondhand smoke predicted smoking behaviors by 62.8 percent. There were spatial associations between tobacco outlet density and secondhand smoke problems that led the youngsters to start smoking. It is a general recommendation to strictly enforce policies and laws to control smoking, and cover all regions in Thailand.

scholarly journals Access to alcohol and binge drinking among vocational college students: A multilevel study in a tourist destination province of Thailand

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward McNeil ◽  
Yanisa Inthawong ◽  
Sawitri Assanangkornchai
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Alcohol Outlets ◽  
Vocational College ◽  
Multilevel Study ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
The Relationship

McNeil, E., Inthawong, Y., & Assanangkornchai, S. (2015). Access to alcohol and binge drinking among vocational college students: A multilevel study in a tourist destination province of Thailand. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(2), 47-55. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i2.214A key issue in alcohol-related harm reduction is the impact of commercial and social availability on alcohol-related problems and harm among young people. The increasing density of alcohol outlets has been shown to be associated with harmful youth drinking behavior, although studies have produced mixed results, underlying the complexity of the situation.Aims: The present study was conducted to assess the relationship between density of alcohol outlets and drinking behaviors among vocational college students.Methods: A cross-sectional school-based survey was conducted among full-time students studying in vocational colleges in Phuket, Thailand. Multilevel regression models were used to assess the relationship between alcohol-outlet density and current and binge drinking, controlling for student and school characteristics.Results: A total of 3,363 students completed the self-reported questionnaire (response rate 66.7%). A significant association was found between alcohol-outlet density and binge drinking but not current drinking. Both current and binge drinking were associated with a positive attitude toward drinking, perception of peer and family drinking norms, and social availability of alcohol. For every increase in 10 on-premise alcohol outlets per square kilometer the risk of binge drinking increased by an average of 5%. Empirical evidence regarding this relationship is important to support law and policy movements towards further restriction of alcohol outlets and zoning of entertainment venues.

scholarly journals Neighborhood Characteristics Associated with the Availability of Alcohol Outlets in Quebec, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Ngamini Ngui ◽  
Philippe Apparicio ◽  
Mathieu Philibert ◽  
Marie-Josée Fleury
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Alcohol Outlets ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Video Lottery ◽  
Video Lottery Terminals ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Objectives. The objectives of this study were to examine the spatial accessibility to alcohol outlets in Quebec and to assess the association between neighborhood level characteristics and availability of alcohol outlets.Methods. The Tobit Model was used to assess the association between neighborhood level characteristics and the availability of alcohol outlets within 500, 1000, 2000, and 3000 metres, respectively.Results. Alcohol outlets were found to be most available in the two largest metropolitan areas of the province of Quebec (Montréal and Québec City). Within 1000 metres, alcohol outlets are more available in neighbourhoods with the following characteristics: highest concentration of men, least materially deprived highest concentration of persons aged 20 years or more, and location either in a metropolitan area or in a small town. Finally, the number of bars with video lottery terminals increases with the level of social and material deprivation.Conclusion. In Québec, there is no rule governing the location of alcohol outlets. Thus, there is an abundant literature indicating that the regulation of alcohol outlet density could be an effective means of controlling risk attributable to alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Alcohol Outlet Density and Deprivation in Six Towns in Bergrivier Municipality before and after Legislative Restrictions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Bowers ◽  
Adlai Davids ◽  
Leslie London
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Alcohol Outlets ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Total Alcohol ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Deprived Areas

Introduction. In 2016, after the Western Cape Liquor Act was enacted, alcohol outlets were mapped in the six towns from a previous 2008 study to determine: (1) alcohol outlet density; (2) the association between deprivation and alcohol outlet density; (3) geospatial trends of alcohol outlet densities; and (4) the impact of alcohol legislation. Methods. Latitude and longitude coordinates were collected of legal and illegal alcohol outlets, and alcohol outlet density was calculated for legal, illegal and total alcohol outlets by km2 and per 1000 persons. To determine the impact of legislation, t-tests and hot spot analyses were calculated for both 2008 and 2016 studies. Spearman coefficients estimated the relationship between alcohol outlet density and deprivation. Results. Although not statistically significant, the number of alcohol outlets and the density per 1000 population declined by about 12% and 34%, respectively. Illegal outlets were still more likely to be located in more deprived areas, and legal outlets in less deprived areas; and a reduction or addition of a few outlets can change a town’s hot spot status. Conclusions. Further studies with larger sample sizes might help to clarify the impacts of the Liquor Act, and the more recent 2017 Alcohol-Related Harms Reduction Policy on alcohol outlet density in the province.

scholarly journals What do we know about the behavior of animal rabies in Chile through the last years?

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Alegria-Moran ◽  
Daniela Miranda ◽  
Alonso Parra ◽  
Lisette Lapierre
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
P Value ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Epidemiological Characterization

ObjectiveThis study aims to analyze the evolution of the epidemiologicalbehavior of rabies in Chile during the period 2003 to 2013, throughthe epidemiological characterization of a number of variables anddescription of spatial and temporal patterns of animal cases.IntroductionRabies is a zoonotic disease caused by an RNA virus from thefamily Rhabdoviridae, genus Lyssavirus. Worldwide distributed,control of rabies has been considered to be particularly amenable toa “One Health” strategy (1). In Chile, rabies was considered endemicin domestic dog population until the late 1960s, when a surveillanceprogram was established, decreasing the number of human casesrelated to canine variants until the year 1972 (2). Rabies is recognizedas a endemic infection in chiropterans of Chile and prompted thesurveillance of the agent in this and other species (3).MethodsAn epidemiological characterization of the registered cases fromthe National Program for Prevention and Control of Rabies wascarried. During the period 2003-2013, 927 cases were reported.Descriptive statistics and descriptive mapping, recording origin of thesample, number of cases per region, animal reservoir implicated andviral variant were performed. A spatial autocorrelation analysis wascarried using Moran’s I indicator for the detection of spatial clusters(4), using the Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) statistics(5), at national and regional level of aggrupation (north, central andsouth zone). Temporal descriptive analysis was carried.Results927 positive cases were recorded. 920 (99.2%) cases came frompassive surveillance, while 7 (0.8%) cases by active surveillance, totalpositivity was 77.02% and 1.37% respectively. Positivity was reportedmainly in the central zone (88.1%), mainly in Valparaiso (19.1%),Metropolitana (40.6%) (Figure 1), Maule (11.8%) regions concentratedin urban centers. Main positive reservoirs were bats (99.8%),specificallyTadarida brasiliensisand viral variant 4 was the mostcommonly diagnosed. LISA test gives a Moran’s I indicator of 0.1537(p-value = 0.02) for the central zone (Table 1). Rabies tend to decreasein fall and winter season (2.9 cases vs 13 cases during summer).ConclusionsWildlife rabies in bats remains endemic in Chile, concentrated inurban areas. The main reservoirs are insectivorous bats. There is asignificant spatial autocorrelation of animal rabies cases in the centralzone of Chile. Results are relevant to the design of preventive andcontrol measures.

scholarly journals Spatial autocorrelation analysis in plant population: An overview

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 501-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Cold Spots ◽  
The Many ◽  
Global Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Entire Study Area

Analysis of spatial distribution in ecology is often influenced by spatial autocorrelation. In present paper various techniques related with quantification of spatial autocorrelation were categorized. Three broad categories namely global, local and variogram were identified and mathematically explained. Local measurers captures the many local spatial variation and spatial dependency while global measurements provide only one set of values that represent the extent of spatial autocorrelation across the entire study area. Global spatial autocorrelation measures the overall clustering of data and it included six well defines methods, namely, Global index of spatial autocorrelation, Joint count statistics, Moran’s I, Geary’s C ration, General G-statistics and Getis and Ord’s G. The study revealed that out of the six methods Moran’s I index was most frequently utilized in plant population study. Based on their similarity degree, local indicator of spatial association (LISA) can differentiate the neighbors in to hot and cold spots. Correlogram and variogram approaches are also given.

Neighborhood alcohol outlet density and genetic influences on alcohol use: evidence for gene–environment interaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy S. Slutske ◽  
Arielle R. Deutsch ◽  
Thomas M. Piasecki
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Alcohol Outlets ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Alcohol Involvement ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Outlet Density

AbstractBackgroundGenetic influences on alcohol involvement are likely to vary as a function of the ‘alcohol environment,’ given that exposure to alcohol is a necessary precondition for genetic risk to be expressed. However, few gene–environment interaction studies of alcohol involvement have focused on characteristics of the community-level alcohol environment. The goal of this study was to examine whether living in a community with more alcohol outlets would facilitate the expression of the genetic propensity to drink in a genetically-informed national survey of United States young adults.MethodsThe participants were 2434 18–26-year-old twin, full-, and half-sibling pairs from Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Participants completed in-home interviews in which alcohol use was assessed. Alcohol outlet densities were extracted from state-level liquor license databases aggregated at the census tract level to derive the density of outlets.ResultsThere was evidence that the estimates of genetic and environmental influences on alcohol use varied as a function of the density of alcohol outlets in the community. For example, the heritability of the frequency of alcohol use for those residing in a neighborhood with ten or more outlets was 74% (95% confidence limits = 55–94%), compared with 16% (95% confidence limits = 0–34%) for those in a neighborhood with zero outlets. This moderating effect of alcohol outlet density was not explained by the state of residence, population density, or neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics.ConclusionsThe results suggest that living in a neighborhood with many alcohol outlets may be especially high-risk for those individuals who are genetically predisposed to frequently drink.

scholarly journals A Spatial Analysis of Heterogeneity in the Link Between Alcohol Outlets and Assault Victimization: Differences Across Victim Subpopulations

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason E. Goldstick ◽  
Allison B. Brenner ◽  
Robert I. Lipton ◽  
Ritesh Mistry ◽  
Sophie M. Aiyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Alcohol Outlets ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Point Process Models ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Relative Differences

The positive association between alcohol outlet density and assault rates is well established, but little is known about how this association differs across victim subpopulations. We use spatial point process models on police data from Flint, Michigan, to test how the link between alcohol outlet density and assault rates changes as a function of three victim characteristics: age, gender, and race. We found that, although both on-premises and package outlet densities consistently emerge as risk factors for victimization, their relative effects are markedly larger in Whites than in African Americans. No analogous age- or gender-based differences were found. These results suggest the racial effects arise more from relative differences in the atmosphere in and around alcohol outlets than differences in drinking behavior alone.

Assessing the Relationship Between Alcohol Outlets and Domestic Violence: Routine Activities and the Neighborhood Environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 811-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina G. Roman ◽  
Shannon E. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Spatial Econometric ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Alcohol Outlets ◽  
Calls For Service ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
The Relationship

Studies have consistently found a positive relationship between alcohol outlet density and assault, but only a handful of studies have examined whether outlet density has an influence on domestic violence. Using a framework based in crime opportunity theories, this study estimates spatial econometric regression models to test whether the density of alcohol outlets across neighborhoods is positively associated with police calls for service for domestic violence. Models also were developed to test whether the relationships found were consistent across time periods associated with the use of alcohol outlets (weeknights and weekends). The findings indicate that off-premise outlets were associated with a significant increase in domestic violence, but on-premise outlets (specifically restaurants and nightclubs) were associated with a decrease in domestic violence. The risk for domestic violence in areas of high densities of off-premise outlets was found to be high during the weekend but not during the weeknight, suggesting different routine activities for domestic violence offenders during the week.

scholarly journals The Neighborhood-Level Association Between Alcohol Outlet Density and Female Criminal Victimization Rates

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 2639-2662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra J. Snowden ◽  
Sara Hockin ◽  
William Alex Pridemore
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Alcohol Outlets ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Neighborhood Level ◽  
Victimization Rates

The aim of this study was to explore the neighborhood-level association between alcohol outlet density and non–intimate partner violent victimization rates among females. Violent offending and victimization are more prevalent for males than females, and most research on alcohol outlets and violence emphasizes males. Studies that do focus on alcohol outlets and female violent victimization tend to focus on intimate partner violence (IPV), yet non-IPV events are over three quarters of all female violent victimization incidents in the United States. We collected data on violent victimization rates, on- and off-premise alcohol outlet density, and neighborhood-level covariates of violence rates for Milwaukee block groups. We used spatially lagged regression models to test this association, to compare non-IPV results with those for overall female violent victimization rates, and to compare results for females with those for males. Our findings showed density of both on- and off-premise alcohol outlets was positively associated with non-IPV female violent victimization rates, which is an important finding given lack of research on this topic. We also found results for females (both overall and non-IPV violent victimization) were generally the same as for males, but the effect of off-premise outlets on non-IPV female violent victimization rates was weaker than the same association for males. Our findings have clear policy implications for local jurisdictions. Alcohol outlet density is important for both female and male violent victimization. Limiting the licensing of alcohol-selling establishments, especially those that engage in irresponsible retail practices, may be a suitable approach to address violent victimization.

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