Interparental Violence and Early Adolescents’ Adjustment Problems in China: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model of Parental Warmth and Emotional Insecurity

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052095963
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Xiang ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Chaoyue Wu ◽  
Yiting Chen
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Parental Warmth ◽  
Interparental Violence ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Adjustment Problems ◽  
Emotional Insecurity

This study analyzed the relationships between exposure to interparental violence and adolescents’ adjustment problems. It also explored the mediating role of emotional insecurity and the moderating role of parental warmth in these relationships. Five hundred and seventy-eight early adolescents from three migrant primary schools and one public school in Beijing participated in this survey, reporting on their perceived interparental violence, emotional insecurity, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems. The results revealed that emotional insecurity partially mediated the association between interparental violence and all three indicators of adjustment problems, with stronger mediating effects on PTSS and internalizing problems than on externalizing problems; parental warmth buffered the association between emotional insecurity and internalizing/externalizing problems. This study adds insights to present literature on how interparental violence contributes to different aspects of adolescents’ adjustment problems in the Chinese context.

scholarly journals Stress of Language Brokering and Mexican American Adolescents’ Adjustment: The Role of Cumulative Risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-425
Author(s):  
Yishan Shen ◽  
Eunjin Seo ◽  
Dorothy Clare Walt ◽  
Su Yeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Language Brokering ◽  
Adjustment Problems

This study focused on early adolescents’ stress of language brokering and examined the moderating role of family cumulative risk in the relation of language brokering to adjustment problems. Data came from self-reports of 604 low-income Mexican American adolescent language brokers (54% female; [Formula: see text]= 12.4; SD = 0.97; 75% born in the United States) and their parents (99% foreign-born) in central Texas. Path analyses revealed that brokering stress, but not frequency, was positively associated with adolescents’ adjustment problems, including depressive symptoms, anxiety, and delinquency. We also found that the relation between stress of brokering for mothers and adolescents’ depressive symptoms was stronger among families with a high cumulative risk. Further, with a high cumulative risk, adolescents exhibited delinquent behaviors regardless of the levels of stress from translating for fathers. Current findings underscore the importance of examining family contexts in assessing the consequences of language brokering for Mexican American early adolescents’ well-being.

scholarly journals Frontal EEG asymmetry moderates the associations between negative temperament and behavioral problems during childhood

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ran Liu ◽  
Susan D. Calkins ◽  
Martha Ann Bell
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Eeg Asymmetry ◽  
Frontal Eeg Asymmetry ◽  
Resilience Process ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Eeg Activation ◽  
Socioemotional Outcomes

Abstract Fearful inhibition and impulsivity-anger significantly predict internalizing and externalizing problems, respectively. An important moderator that may affect these associations is frontal EEG asymmetry (FA). We examined how temperament and FA at 6 years interactively predicted behavioral problems at 9 years. A community sample of 186 children (93 boys, 93 girls) participated in the study. Results indicated that the effect of fearful inhibition on parent-reported internalizing problems increased as children exhibited greater right FA. The effect of impulsivity-anger on parent-reported externalizing problems increased as children showed greater left FA. Because FA was allowed to vary rather than children being dichotomized into membership in left FA and right FA groups, we observed that children’s FA contributed to the resilience process only when FA reached specific asymmetry levels. These findings highlight the importance of considering the different functions of FA in combination with specific dimensions of temperament in predicting children’s socioemotional outcomes. Clinical implications include providing suggestions for intervention services by demonstrating the role of FA in developing behavioral problems and inspiring research on whether it is possible to alter EEG activation and thus potentially improve developmental outcomes.

scholarly journals Charting the trajectories of adopted children's emotional and behavioral problems: The impact of early adversity and postadoptive parental warmth

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Paine ◽  
Oliver Perra ◽  
Rebecca Anthony ◽  
Katherine H. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Parental Warmth ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Abstract Children who are adopted from care are more likely to experience enduring emotional and behavioral problems across development; however, adoptees’ trajectories of mental health problems and factors that impact their trajectories are poorly understood. Therefore, we used multilevel growth analyses to chart adoptees’ internalizing and externalizing problems across childhood, and examined the associations between preadoptive risk and postadoptive protective factors on their trajectories. This was investigated in a prospective longitudinal study of case file records (N = 374) and questionnaire-based follow-ups (N = 96) at approximately 5, 21, and 36 months postadoptive placement. Preadoptive adversity (indexed by age at placement, days in care, and number of adverse childhood experiences) was associated with higher internalizing and externalizing scores; the decrease in internalizing scores over childhood was accelerated for those exposed to lower levels of preadoptive risk. Warm adoptive parenting was associated with a marked reduction in children's internalizing and externalizing problems over time. Although potentially limited by shared methods variance and lack of variability in parental warmth scores, these findings demonstrate the deleterious impact of preadoptive risk and the positive role of exceptionally warm adoptive parenting on children's trajectories of mental health problems and have relevance for prevention and intervention strategies.

Emotional insecurity as a mediator of the moderating role of dopamine genes in the association between interparental conflict and youth externalizing problems

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 1111-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick T. Davies ◽  
Joanna K. Pearson ◽  
Dante Cicchetti ◽  
Meredith J. Martin ◽  
E. Mark Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Interparental Conflict ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Mediated Moderation ◽  
Repeat Allele ◽  
Emotional Insecurity ◽  
Post Hoc

AbstractThis study tested whether the association between interparental conflict and adolescent externalizing symptoms was moderated by a polygenic composite indexing low dopamine activity (i.e., 7-repeat allele of DRD4; Val alleles of COMT; 10-repeat variants of DAT1) in a sample of seventh-grade adolescents (Mean age = 13.0 years) and their parents. Using a longitudinal, autoregressive design, observational assessments of interparental conflict at Wave 1 predicted increases in a multi-informant measurement of youth externalizing symptoms 2 years later at Wave 3 only for children who were high on the hypodopaminergic composite. Moderation was expressed in a “for better” or “for worse” form hypothesized by differential susceptibility theory. Thus, children high on the dopaminergic composite experienced more externalizing problems than their peers when faced with more destructive conflicts but also fewer externalizing problems when exposed to more constructive interparental conflicts. Mediated moderation findings indicated that adolescent reports of their emotional insecurity in the interparental relationship partially explained the greater genetic susceptibility experienced by these children. More specifically, the dopamine composite moderated the association between Wave 1 interparental conflict and emotional insecurity 1 year later at Wave 2 in the same “for better” or “for worse” pattern as externalizing symptoms. Adolescent insecurity at Wave 2, in turn, predicted their greater externalizing symptoms 1 year later at Wave 3. Post hoc analyses further revealed that the 7-repeat allele of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene was the primary source of plasticity in the polygenic composite. Results are discussed as to how they advance process-oriented Gene x Environment models of emotion regulation.

scholarly journals Associations of behavioral problems and white matter properties of the cerebellar peduncles in boys and girls born full term and preterm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Machiko Hosoki ◽  
Lisa Bruckert ◽  
Lauren Borchers ◽  
Virginia Marchman ◽  
Katherine Travis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Full Term ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncles ◽  
Deterministic Tractography

Accumulating evidence suggests that the role of cerebellum includes regulation of behaviors; Cerebellar impairment may lead to behavioral problems. Behavioral problems differ by sex: internalizing problems are more common in girls, externalizing problems in boys. Behavioral problems are also elevated in children born preterm (PT) compared to children born full-term (FT). The current study examined internalizing and externalizing problems in 8-year-old children in relation to sex, birth-group, FA of the cerebellar peduncles, and interactions among these predictor variables. Participants (N=78) were 44 boys (28 PT) and 34 girls (15 PT). We assessed behavioral problems via standardized parent-reports and FA of the cerebellar peduncles using deterministic tractography. Internalizing problems were higher in children born PT compared to children born FT (p=.032); the interaction of sex and birth-group was significant (p=.044). When considering the contribution of the mean-tract FA of cerebellar peduncles to behavioral problems, there was a significant interaction of sex and mean-tract FA of the ICP with internalizing problems; the slope was negative in girls (p=.020) but not boys. In boys, internalizing problems were only associated with mean-tract FA ICP in those born preterm (p=.010). We found no other significant associations contributing to internalizing or externalizing problems. Thus, we found sexual dimorphism and birth-group differences in the association of white matter metrics of the ICP and internalizing problems in school-aged children. The findings inform theories of the origins of internalizing behavioral problems in middle childhood and may suggest approaches to treatment at school age.

scholarly journals Role of Parenting Style in Children’s Behavioral Problems through the Transition from Preschool to Elementary School According to Gender in Japan

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikuya Hosokawa ◽  
Toshiki Katsura
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Permissive Parenting

While ineffective discipline can be attributed to authoritarian and permissive parenting styles, little research has examined the role of gender in the association between parenting style and early childhood behavioral problems. Thus, this study aimed to clarify the effects of authoritarian and permissive parenting on children’s externalizing and internalizing behaviors during the preschool-to-elementary-school transition according to gender in Japan. A sample of 1668 Japanese children (853 boys and 815 girls) were followed longitudinally over one-year intervals, and assessed based on parenting styles (the Parenting Scale), children’s behavioral problems (the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), and family characteristics. Multivariate analyses revealed that, when analyzed by gender, authoritarian discipline influenced externalizing problems in boys (β = 0.048, p = 0.047) and girls (β = 0.067, p = 0.023), while permissive discipline influenced externalizing problems in boys only (β = 0.049, p = 0.038). The results document the relationship between family processes and the development of disruptive behavior disorders in children. Support for parents employing such child-rearing styles in early childhood may be effective in reducing school maladjustment.

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